Evaluation of Synthetic Magnesium Silicate as a New Polymer Filler

The paper reports on the performance of highly dispersed synthetic magnesium silicate as a filler of the styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR). The magnesium silicate has been precipitated and characterized by determination of particle size distribution, electrokinetic potential, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms and SEM observation. At the subsequent stage of the study its surface has been modified by silane coupling agents. The unmodified and silane-grafted magnesium silicate samples have been used as fillers of SBR of standard testing composition. The vulcanizates obtained with the fillers have been tested as to their physical and mechanical performance. The vulcanizates filled with synthetic magnesium silicate have been found to show much better mechanical parameters than unfilled rubber. Modification of the synthetic magnesium silicates with silane coupling agents has further improved the mechanical characteristics of the vulcanizates.     

Effect of fillers on magnesium–poly(ethylene oxide) solid polymer electrolyte

A solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) film consisting of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with magnesium chloride as electrolytic salt and B₂O₃ as the filler has been prepared by solution casting technique. The polymeric film was flexible and self-standing with proper mechanical strength and studied for application in a solid-state rechargeable magnesium battery. The interactions between the filler and PEO chains are studied by differential scanning calorimeter and Fourier transform infrared techniques. Composition of SPE is optimized, and maximum conductivity is obtained at 2 wt% B₂O₃. Filler seems to increase the number of free magnesium cations by decoordinating the bond between magnesium cations and ether oxygen of PEO. Cyclic voltammetry results show the reversible capability of magnesium electrode. Solid-state magnesium cell employing magnesium anode, SPE, and manganese oxide was assembled, and its open circuit voltage is found to be 1.9 V.     

Immobilised molten salt membrane based magnesium sensor for aluminium-magnesium melts

Magnesium sensitive probes were constructed and tested in different melts of commercial aluminium-magnesium alloys. The probes were composed of a porous magnesium oxide one closed end tube or thimble to which a magnesium conducting salt is impregnated. The activity of magnesium in the aluminium-magnesium melt was determined with report to a pure magnesium reference contained in the inside of the thimble and sealed from the surrounding atmosphere and melt by zirconia based cement. Measurements were conducted in various commercial aluminium-magnesium alloys under inert atmosphere as well as in air. Paper presented at the 1st Euroconference on Solid State Ionics, Zakynthos, Greece, 11 – 18 Sept. 1994     

速效救心丸中Ca,Mg,Fe,Cu,Zn的测定及Ca/Mg,Cu/Zn比值分析

本文采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了速效救心丸中Ca ,Mg ,Fe,Cu ,Zn五种金属元素的含量 ,并对速效救心丸中Ca/Mg ,Cu/Zn含量比值进行了分析研究。结果表明 ,速效救心丸中含有丰富的Ca,Mg ,Fe ,Cu ,Zn元素 ,元素含量Ca>Fe >Mg >Zn >Cu ,它为探讨速效救心丸中Ca ,Mg ,Fe ,Cu ,Zn与治疗冠心病之间的关系提供了有用的数据。     

The role of magnesium in the susceptibility of soldiers to noise-induced hearing loss

A number of studies have demonstrated that magnesium, administered prophylactically, can reduce the amount of hearing loss resulting from noise exposure. This study explored the possible role of naturally occurring body magnesium concentration in susceptibility of soldiers to noise-induced hearing loss. Participants were 68 adult males who had received extensive noise exposure over several years as a result of training with weapon systems. Each participant provided a pure-tone audiogram, blood sample, and noise-exposure history. A variety of pure-tone indices was correlated with serum magnesium levels as determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. No significant correlations were observed between any audiometric index and body magnesium. The results of this study, therefore, do not support the hypothesis that there is a strong association between naturally occurring body magnesium and susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss.     

Syntheses and characterization of Mg(OH)2 and MgO nanostructures by ultrasonic method

Magnesium hydroxide nanostructures have been synthesized by the reaction of magnesium acetate with sodium hydroxide via sonochemical method. Reaction conditions such as the Mg²⁺ concentration, aging time and the ultrasonic device power show important roles in the size, morphology and growth process of the final products. The magnesium oxide nanoparticles have been prepared by calcination of magnesium hydroxide nanostructures at 400 °C. The magnesium hydroxide and magnesium oxide nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analyses (DTA).     

Surface diffusion investigated by ion current noise method

The surface diffusion for two magnesium isotopes on polycrystalline tungsten and ionic thermal desorption are studied by a method based on the ion current noise arising from the fluctuation of the work function as a result of random fluctuations of the magnesium adsorbate density. The activation energy for surface diffusion for magnesium isotopes have been determined by measuring the spectral density functions and their parameters.     

Analysis of the Opacity of Magnesium XII 0.842 nm Doublet in the Solar Coronal X-ray Spectrum

Using the observed intensity ratio of the magnesium XII 0.842 nm doublet in the solar coronal X-ray spectrum, we investigate the opacity of the (1/2–3/2) component of the magnesium XII doublet. The escape factor and the opacity of the (1/2–3/2) component of the magnesium XII 0.842 nm doublet are discussed. Results show that the opacity has great effect on the (1/2–3/2) component of the magnesium XII 0.842 nm doublet. While using the abundance of magnesium and the results of ionization balance, we calculate the variation of electron density as a function of observed intensity ratio.     

Combustion wave propagation in mixtures of JSC-1A lunar regolith simulant with magnesium

Combustion of lunar regolith mixed with energetic additives is a potential method for production of construction materials in future moon missions. Recently, self-sustained combustion in the mixtures of JSC-1A lunar regolith and magnesium has been demonstrated. However, the concentration of magnesium in those mixtures was as high as 26 wt%. Note that magnesium must be either transported from Earth or recovered from lunar minerals or used structures. The present paper focuses on the minimization of magnesium content in JSC-1A/Mg mixtures. The mixtures were compacted into pellets and ignited in argon environment. Initial attempts to decrease magnesium concentration resulted in the observations of a spinning combustion wave at 23 wt% Mg. The observed spin combustion involved periodical motion of two counterpropagating hot spots along a helical path on the sample surface. These observations, including features such as formation of a faster hot spot after collision of the counterpropagating spots, confirm theoretical predictions for spin combustion in solid–solid mixtures. High-energy mechanical milling of JSC-1A in a planetary ball mill significantly increased its reactivity and improved combustion of its mixtures with magnesium. Mixtures of the obtained powder (the median diameter of about 3 μm) with 26 wt% Mg exhibit easy ignition and vigorous combustion. The minimum concentration of magnesium required for self-sustained propagation of a planar combustion front is as low as 13 wt%.     

MPT-AES测定奶粉中的微量金属元素

用微波等离子体(MPT)为激发光源,氩气为等离子体工作气体,用气动雾化进样,以校准曲线法研究了微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法(MPT-AES)测定奶粉中的镁、钠。详细考察了溶液中盐酸浓度、硝酸浓度、共存离子浓度、微波前向功率、载气流量、工作气流量等实验参数对测定的影响。测定结果表明,镁和钠质量浓度的检出限分别为0.36、0.75μg/L,RSD(n=6)≤0.41%,线性范围分别为0.02—9mg/L、0.02—4mg/L,MPT-AES提高了测定奶粉中微量金属元素含量的速度和准确度。     

Correlation between the surface chemistry and the atmospheric corrosion of AZ31, AZ80 and AZ91D magnesium alloys

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used in order to investigate the correlation between the surface chemistry and the atmospheric corrosion of AZ31, AZ80 and AZ91D magnesium alloys exposed to 98% relative humidity at 50 °C. Commercially pure magnesium, used as the reference material, revealed MgO, Mg(OH)₂ and tracers of magnesium carbonate in the air-formed film. For the AZ80 and AZ91D alloys, the amount of magnesium carbonate formed on the surface reached similar values to those of MgO and Mg(OH)₂. A linear relation between the amount of magnesium carbonate formed on the surface and the subsequent corrosion behaviour in the humid environment was found. The AZ80 alloy revealed the highest amount of magnesium carbonate in the air-formed film and the highest atmospheric corrosion resistance, even higher than the AZ91D alloy, indicating that aluminium distribution in the alloy microstructure influenced the amount of magnesium carbonate formed.     

Studies on influence of zinc immersion and fluoride on nickel electroplating on magnesium alloy AZ91D

The effect of zinc immersion and the role of fluoride in nickel plating bath were mainly investigated in nickel electroplating on magnesium alloy AZ91D. The state of zinc immersion, the composition of zinc film and the role of fluoride in nickel plating bath were explored from the curves of open circuit potential (OCP) and potentiodynamic polarization, the images of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the patterns of energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Results show that the optimum zinc film mixing small amount of Mg(OH)₂ and MgF₂ is obtained by zinc immersion for 30-90 s. The corrosion potential of magnesium alloy substrate attached zinc film will be increased in nickel plating bath and the quantity of MgF₂ sandwiched between magnesium alloy substrate and nickel coating will be reduced, which contributed to produce nickel coating with good performance. Fluoride in nickel plating bath serves as an activator of nickel anodic dissolution and corrosion inhibitor of magnesium alloy substrate. 1.0-1.5 mol dm⁻³ of F⁻ is the optimum concentration range for dissolving nickel anode and protecting magnesium alloy substrate from over-corrosion in nickel plating bath. The nickel coating with good adhesion and high corrosion resistance on magnesium alloy AZ91D is obtained by the developed process of nickel electroplating. This nickel layer can be used as the rendering coating for further plating on magnesium alloys.     

In situ analysis of magnesium alloy using a standoff and double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy system

To monitor the components of molten magnesium alloy during the smelting process in real time and online, we designed a standoff double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis system that can perform focusing, collecting and imaging of long-range samples. First, we tested the system on solid standard magnesium alloy samples in the laboratory to establish a basis for the online monitoring of the components of molten magnesium alloy in the future. The experimental results show that the diameters of the focus spots are approximately 1 mm at a range of 3 m, the ablation depth of the double-pulse mode is much deeper than that of the single-pulse mode, the optimum interpulse delay of the double pulse is inconsistent at different ranges, and the spectral intensity decays rapidly as the range increases. In addition, the enhancement effect of the double pulse at 1.89 m is greater than that at 2.97 m, the maximum enhancement is 7.1-fold for the Y(I)550.35-nm line at 1.89 m, and the calibration results at 1.89 m are better than those at 2.97 m. At 1.89 m, the determination coefficients (R²) of the calibration curves are approximately 99% for Y, Pr, and Zr; the relative standard deviations (RSDs) are less than 10% for Y, Pr, and Zr; the root mean square errors (RMSEs) are less than 0.037% for Pr and Zr; the limits of detection (LODs) are less than 1000 ppm for Y, Pr, and Zr; and the LODs of Y, Pr, and Zr at 2.97 m are higher than those at 1.89 m. Additionally, we tested the system on molten magnesium alloy in a magnesium alloy plant. The calibration results of the liquid magnesium alloy are not as favorable as those of the sampling solid magnesium alloys. In particular, the RSDs of the liquid magnesium alloy are approximately 20% for Pr and La. However, with future improvements in the experimental conditions, the developed system is promising for the in situ analysis of molten magnesium alloy.     

210Pb in magnesium dietary supplements

The idea behind this study was to investigate the most popular magnesium dietary supplements as a potential additional source of ²¹⁰Pb in the human diet. The paper presents the results of ²¹⁰Pb activities determined in different magnesium supplements, as well as an estimation of the annual effective radiation doses from ²¹⁰Pb decay. The results showed that the highest value of ²¹⁰Pb activity was found in a magnesium supplement of natural origin (dolomite) with a value of 2.97?±?0.18 mBq g^–1. The highest annual radiation dose from ²¹⁰Pb obtained from the magnesium daily recommended value (0.4 g of pure Mg) was calculated for dolomite tablets as 3.71?±?0.02 µSv·year^–1.     

Primary Study on Microarc Oxidation of AZ91D

The magnesium has some excellent properties such as ligh quality, high specific strength and stiffness, high damp and reeoverd easily compared with steel, aluminium, engineering plastic. So the application and exploitation of magnesium arose extensive attention of the public.     

辉光放电等离子体镁电离的研究

以铝镁合金作阴极,采用吸收光谱测定了辉光放电放电等离子体中镁离子和原子的相对密度。提出了在近似条件下,由镁离子和原子吸光度比法求算镁电离度的方法。探讨了电离对常规分析的干扰与校正,以及影响镁电离的因素。     

Hydrogenation of the nanopowders that form in a carbon-helium plasma stream during the introduction of Ni and Mg

Composite nanoparticles consisting of magnesium, nickel, and carbon atoms are studied both theoretically and experimentally. The calculations performed in terms of the density functional theory show that the jump frequency of hydrogen atoms in nickel-containing magnesium hydride increases substantially near impurity nickel atoms; as a result, the rate of hydrogen absorption by magnesium also increases. Nickel on the magnesium surface is shown to be absorbed via an island growth mechanism. Composite Mg-C, Ni-C, and Mg-Ni-C powders are produced by plasmachemical synthesis in a carbon-helium plasma stream. Hydrogen is introduced into a chamber during synthesis. It is found by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis that, among these three composites, only Mg-Ni-C contains magnesium fixed in the MgH₂ compound. The process of such “ultrarapid” hydrogenation of magnesium, which occurs in the time of formation of composite nanoparticles, can be explained by the catalytic action of nickel, which is enhanced by a high temperature. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs demonstrate the dynamics of the dehydrogenation of Mg-Ni-C composite nanoparticles in heating by an electron beam.     

Effect of oxygen on the hydrogenation properties of magnesium films

The effect of magnesium oxide on the magnesium and hydrogen desorption properties of magnesium films have been investigated. We find that by capping metallic magnesium films with oxide overlayers the apparent desorption energy of magnesium is increased from 146 kJ/mol to 314 kJ/mol. The results are discussed in light of previous investigations of ball-milled magnesium powders.     

High-density MgB2 superconducting bulk samples prepared at ambient pressure

High-density MgB₂ (HD-MgB₂) superconducting samples (D ⩾ 2.2 g/cm³), using different sources of magnesium powder as raw material, were synthesized in ambient pressure in a rich Mg environment. The magnesium powders used in the fabrication process include nanometer-sized magnesium particles, powders from Alfa Aesar, ordinary off-the-shelf powder, and magnesium chip. The fabrication procedure involved a double-sintering process in a rich-Mg environment. A transition temperature T _c of 39 K was observed. Samples with the equally high density and matching superconducting properties were obtained as well by a triple sintering process of the MgB₂ powder directly from Alfa Aesar.      

Early stages in the oxidation of magnesium,aluminium and magnesium/aluminium alloys: I. Exoelectron emission and long wavelength photoemission

The initial stages in the oxidation of magnesium, aluminium and magnesium/aluminium alloys have been studied using a photoelectron spectrometer (XPS and exoelectron energy spectra) and the diode technique (surface potentials and volumetric adsorption of oxygen). This paper describes and characterises the exoelectron emission and the visible wavelength photoemission which occurs during oxidation. At low oxygen exposures (< 10 L), exoelectrons with a 4 eV energy spread are emitted in the dark from magnesium and magnesium/aluminium alloy. Aluminium shows no such emission. Another, dark pressure-dependent emission of exoelectrons occurs only on magnesium/aluminium alloy and aluminium at high oxygen exposures. The onset of this emission lies 3 eV higher and it again has a 4 eV spread. When the surface is illuminated, it is possible to distinguish photo/exoelectron emission, which occurs during oxygen uptake, and true photoemission which occurs in vacuo. Both these types of emission, which were only recorded on magnesium, show a resolved triplet. Photoelectric work functions as low as 0.3 eV were observed. A patchy surface evidently develops during oxidation. This process, which may correspond to the nucleation of oxide islands, is slower than the chemisorption of of oxygen. The nature of the low work function patches, which we associate with the electron emissions, is therefore very dependent on the oxygen ambient pressure. A tentative energy scheme is given for such “exopatches” which are neither metal nor oxide and contain a curious energy level that must be situated above the vacuum level of the patch, as well as above the metal Fermi level. The energy with which exoelectrons are emitted derives from the heat of adsorption.