荧光核酸适配体功能化氧化石墨烯生物传感器用于快速检测氯霉素

开发了一种无标记和快速的检测方法基于氧化石墨烯（GO）和荧光功能性G-四聚体探针（FGP），可用于定量检测氯霉素（CAP）.FGP由氯霉素核酸适配体和富含G碱基的核酸序列组成.核酸适配体用于结合CAP，并且由富含G碱基的核酸序列在K⁺，Na⁺离子的作用下形成的G-四聚体，然后与硫磺素T（ThT）结合后用作信号分子.在没有CAP的情况下，FGP通过π-π堆积相互作用被吸附到GO的表面上，阻碍了G-四聚体的形成导致溶液中的荧光强度低.在加入CAP时，FGP的核酸适配体部分可识别并结合CAP以形成复合物，导致其从GO解吸.因此，游离的富含G的碱基序列可以形成G-四聚体结构并与ThT结合，导致溶液的荧光强度增加.我们观察到荧光强度增加与CAP浓度在2~20 nmol/L范围内呈线性关系，检测限为1.45 nmol/L.此外，该检测系统用于检测加标牛奶中的CAP，回收率在93.2%~103.3%之间.这些结果表明，开发的方法可用于有效检测实际样品中的CAP.     

DNA/银纳米簇荧光探针在检测Pb2+中的应用

基于DNA/银纳米簇的荧光特性报道了一种简单、灵敏、高选择性的荧光方法检测Pb²⁺.以茎部为富G结构,环状部分为聚C结构的发夹型DNA为模板合成具有稳定荧光的银纳米簇.当加入Pb²⁺后,发夹型DNA在Pb²⁺诱导下形成G-四链体结构,破坏了发夹型DNA的构型,极大地影响了合成银纳米簇的模板结构,导致银纳米簇的荧光强度降低.Pb²⁺存在和不存在时所产生荧光强度的差异与发夹型DNA的碱基序列和茎部配对碱基数有关.依据这一现象,在优化DNA碱基序列和茎部配对碱基数的基础上,可实现100 μmol/L至100 nmol/L范围内对Pb²⁺的定量检测,检出限为10 nmol/L.该方法对Pb²⁺的检测具有较好的选择性,并可应用于实际水样中Pb²⁺的检测.检测结果与原子吸收光谱进行比对,显示出较好的一致性.     

基于DNA电化学传导的可重置键盘锁

选择巯基化并含有PW17碱基序列的DNA在金电极上自组装,在10 μmol/L Pb²⁺存在下,Pb²⁺诱导自组装的DNA形成Pb²⁺稳定的G-四联体.通过微分脉冲伏安法发现Pb²⁺稳定的G四联体在-0.365 V vs.Ag/AgCl出现一Pb²⁺的还原峰.依据Pb²⁺与EDTA的强配位作用,EDTA可以与G-四联体中的Pb²⁺作用,并伴随G-四联体的构型转变为自由态的DNA.以组装在电极上的DNA为工作单元,Pb²⁺和EDTA作为输入信号,-0.365 V处的还原峰为输出信号,根据Pb²⁺和EDTA加入顺序的不同,键盘锁处于“开”或“关”的状态.在Pb²⁺与EDTA的交替作用下,G-四联体和自由态DNA可以互相转化,同时电化学的输出信号在循环5次后基本保持不变,键盘锁呈现出良好的可重置性.     

基于DNA酶催化的卟啉金属化检测锌

利用G-四链体DNA（T30695）催化Zn²⁺插入到中卟啉IX（MPIX）中，引起荧光偏移的特点，建立了检测Zn²⁺的方法。在40μmol/L MPIX、0.6μmol/L Pb²⁺、5μmol/L T30695和1%Triton的最优实验条件下，该方法在Zn²⁺浓度为0.5～5μmol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系，相关系数R²=0.95，检出限为73.5 nmol/L。离子选择性实验表明该方法对Zn²⁺具有较好的选择性，用于实际样品测定，回收率在94.7%～100.4%之间。     

基于结构转换适配体荧光法检测赭曲霉素A

利用荧光素标记的可识别赭曲霉素A的核酸适配体,以及荧光猝灭基团标记的互补核酸建立了一种检测赭曲霉素A的荧光分析法。标记有荧光素的核酸适配体(FDNA)未与赭曲霉素A结合时,可与标记有猝灭基团BHQ(Black Hole Quencher)的互补寡聚核苷酸链(QDNA)杂交,使荧光基团与猝灭基团靠近,导致荧光猝灭;而当加入赭曲霉素A之后,FDNA与赭曲霉素A高亲和力高特异性结合,FDNA将不会与QDNA杂交,FDNA的荧光信号得到保持。根据FDNA与目标物结合前后荧光强度的变化,可实现对赭曲霉素A的定量检测。当FDNA浓度为36nmol/L,QDNA浓度为126nmol/L,结合缓冲溶液为10 mmol/L Tris-HCl(含120 mmol/L NaCl、20mmol/L CaCl2、0.02%Tween 20,pH=8.5),室温下反应15min后,可以获得最佳检测效果。对赭曲霉素A的线性检测范围是10～100nmol/L,检出限为10nmol/L,相对标准偏差为5.8%。该方法操作简单,选择性好。     

离子强度对膨润土/木质素磺酸钠接枝丙烯酰胺-马来酸酐复合吸附树脂吸附Pb2+/Cu2+的影响

为揭示外加电解质离子强度对重金属离子吸附的影响规律与内在机制, 制备了膨润土/木质素磺酸钠接枝丙烯酰胺-马来酸酐复合吸附树脂(BLPAMA), 研究了外加电解质离子强度对BLPAMA吸附单一和二元Pb²⁺/Cu²⁺的影响规律, 以及有、无外加0.2 mol/L NaNO₃时BLPAMA对二元Pb²⁺/Cu²⁺的吸附等温线、吸附热力学及吸附动力学。 结果表明, 在单一Pb²⁺或Cu²⁺溶液中, 随离子强度增加, Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺吸附量降低;在二元Pb²⁺/Cu²⁺溶液中, 随离子强度增加, Pb²⁺吸附量降低而Cu²⁺吸附量提高。     

基于芬顿反应和硫磺素T构建免标记荧光传感器用于葡萄糖的检测

基于芬顿反应和硫磺素T(ThT)构建新奇的免标记荧光传感器用于葡萄糖的检测。当无葡萄糖存在时,ThT诱导富G-DNA探针形成G-四链体/ThT复合物,ThT的荧光强度显著增强;当葡萄糖存在时,葡萄糖氧化酶催化葡萄糖产生H2 O2,在Fe^2+催化的芬顿反应作用下,H2 O2转化为羟基自由基(·OH),·OH引发DNA的氧化损伤导致富G-DNA探针裂解为短寡核苷酸片段而丧失形成G-四链体/ThT的能力,ThT的荧光强度显著降低,从而实现对葡萄糖的检测。在优化的检测条件下,G-四链体/ThT荧光强度变化和葡萄糖浓度在0.5~45μmol/L的范围内呈现较好的线性关系(R^2=0.99268),检出限为0.1μmol/L。利用本法对葡萄糖加标的血液样品进行分析,葡萄糖的回收率为90.7%~118.3%,相对标准偏差为1.7%~5.8%,方法可用于血糖检测。     

新型薄膜扩散梯度装置定量测量水环境中重金属形态

采用以纤维素透析膜为扩散相, 0.05 mol/L羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)溶液为结合相的薄膜扩散梯度(DGT)装置(CMC-DGT)定量累积和测量水溶液中Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺和Pb²⁺的有效态; 考察了pH值和离子强度对CMC-DGT累积Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺和Pb²⁺的影响以及不同配体(乙二胺四乙酸二钠、 单宁酸和黄腐酸)对重金属有效态的影响; 测量了外加标的天然水和工业废水中重金属的有效态浓度; 并比较了不同结合相DGT装置对同一水体中重金属的有效态浓度. 实验结果表明, 0.05 mol/L CMC溶液对Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺和Pb²⁺累积容量分别为0.24, 0.11和0.45 mg/mL; 定量累积的最佳pH值范围分别为3.7～8.0, 4.7～9.0和4.7～8.0; 随着离子强度的增大, CMC-DGT对Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺和Pb²⁺的累积容量下降; CMC-DGT能够定量地累积配制水中的游离Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺和Pb²⁺, 回收率分别为92.1%, 100.6%和96.4%; 当有配体存在时, 随着配体浓度的增大, CMC-DGT测量的Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺和Pb²⁺有效态的浓度随之下降; 在过滤工业废水、 河水和湖水中, 不同结合相DGT装置对重金属有效态的测量值不同. 结果表明, CMC可作为DGT技术新的液态结合相.     

基于牛血清白蛋白修饰的金纳米簇的荧光光谱法快速测定维生素B12药片中Co2+的含量

采用化学还原法合成牛血清白蛋白(BSA)修饰的金纳米簇(AuNCs),基于Co²⁺对AuNCs的荧光猝灭作用,提出了一种快速、简便、灵敏测定Co²⁺含量的方法。以柠檬酸为还原剂、BSA为保护剂、氯金酸为原料合成AuNCs。分取0.20 mL AuNCs溶液,加入0.6 mL pH 9.0碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠缓冲溶液,用水稀释至1.00 mL,在发射波长630 nm处测量上述体系(空白体系)的荧光强度F₀。取10片维生素B₁₂药片,研磨后,分取0.127 0 g,用水溶解并稀释至100 mL,分取10μL于空白体系中,混匀后静置反应5 min,测量荧光强度F,利用荧光强度的差值ΔF(ΔF=F₀-F)进行定量。结果显示：合成的AuNCs分布均匀,Co²⁺对AuNCs体系有荧光猝灭作用,属于动态猝灭过程。添加10倍Co²⁺浓度的干扰离子,Fe²⁺、Pb²⁺、Al³⁺、Zn     

基于寡核苷酸链的汞离子荧光生物传感器

基于G-四链体结构和卟啉类化合物N-甲基卟啉二丙酸IX(NMM)结合产生强烈的荧光,利用T-Hg(Ⅱ)-T错配对汞离子(Hg2+)的特异性识别,建立了一种简单、灵敏、高效的Hg2+检测新方法.在富含鸟嘌呤(G)寡核苷酸链中,引入了大量胸腺嘧啶(T).在没有Hg2+存在时,可以自发形成G-四链体结构,与NMM结合产生强烈的荧光;在Hg2+存在时,可与另一条富含T序列的互补链通过T-Hg(Ⅱ)-T特异性结合,形成双链DNA分子,从而导致G-四链体结构不能产生.优化后最佳实验条件为:缓冲溶液的pH=6.7,20 mmol/LKCl,2.5 μmol/L NMM,反应时间为2h.在优化条件下,体系的荧光强度变化值与Hg2+浓度呈现良好的线性关系,线性范围为50～ 1000 nmol/L,检出限为22.8 nmol/L(30).此生物荧光传感器对Hg2+具有良好的选择性.实际水样中Hg2+的加标回收率为106.1％ ～ 107.8％,可以满足实际水样品中Hg2+的检测要求.     

A Label-free and Functional Fluorescent Oligonucleotide Probe Based on a G-Quadruplex Molecular Beacon for the Detection of Kanamycin

A label-free and turn-off fluorescent method for the quantitative detection of kanamycin based on a functional molecular beacon was developed. The molecular beacon consists of two hairpin structures with a split G-rich oligonucleotide in the middle. The kanamycin's aptamer formed the loops portion for recognizing kanamycin, and the G-quadruplex bound by Thioflavin T(ThT) was employed as the reporter. In the absence of target, the molecular beacon folded into double stem-loops and the splited G-rich oligonucleotid came close to form a G-quadruplex. When ThT bound to the G-quadruplex, the fluorescence intensity of the solution increased. Upon the addition of kanamycin, the function between kanamycin and aptamer unfolded the hairpin and disassembled the G-quadraplex structure, resulting in a significant decrease in the fluorescence intensity. A good linear relationship ranging from 0.7 nmol/L to 10 nmol/L was achieved and the limit of detection was 0.37 nmol/L. Besides, it could efficiently recognize kanamycin in real samples.     

A novel aptasensor strategy for protein detection based on G-quadruplex and exonuclease III-aided recycling amplification

The detection of biomarkers is of great significance in the diagnosis of numerous diseases,especially cancer.Herein,we developed a sensitive and universal fluorescent aptasensor strategy based on magnetic beads,DNA G-quadruplex,and exonuclease Ⅲ(Exo Ⅲ).In the presence of a target protein,a label-free single strand DNA(ssDNA)hybridized with the aptamer was released as a trigger DNA due to specific recognition between the aptamer and target.Subsequently,ssDNA initiates the ExoⅢ-aided recycling to amplify the fluorescence signal,which was caused by N-methylmesoporphyrin IX(NMM)insertion into the G-quadruplex structure.This proposed strategy combines the excellent specificity between the aptamer and target,high sensitivity of the fluorescence signal by G-quadruplex and ExoⅢ-aided recycling amplification.We selected(50-1200 nmol/L)MUC1,a common tumor biomarker,as the proof-of-concept target to test the specificity of our aptasenso r.Results reveal that the sensor sensitively and selectively detected the target protein with limits of detection(LODs)of 3.68 and 12.83 nmol/L in buffer solution and 10%serum system,respectively.The strategy can be easily applied to other targets by simply substituting corresponding aptamers and has great potential in the diagnosis and monitoring of several diseases.     

钾离子浓度依赖的铅离子稳定G-四链体构型转化

已有研究普遍认为铅离子(Pb²⁺)诱导富G适体链形成的G-四链体(Pb²⁺-G4)比钾离子(K⁺)诱导富G适体链形成的G-四链体(K⁺-G4)更为稳定,因而Pb²⁺可以置换K⁺-G4中的K⁺,而且K⁺的存在不影响Pb²⁺-G4的稳定性。有趣的是本研究发现K⁺ (20 μmol∙L⁻¹–1 mmol∙L⁻¹)不仅可以诱导10 µmol∙L⁻¹ Pb²⁺稳定的T2TT(Pb²⁺-T2TT,杂合G4结构)发生构型转换,甚至还可取代Pb²⁺-T2TT中的Pb²⁺,形成K⁺稳定的T2TT (K⁺-T2TT,平行G4结构),最终转化形成的K⁺-G4结构与单独K⁺诱导富G适体链形成K⁺-G4的构型基本一致。随后,进一步考察了另外7条富G适体链,发现这一转化过程具有一定的普适性。该研究结果为理解G4构型转化以及内嵌离子交换提供了新的视角,也为拓展G4在生化分析和生物领域的应用提供了新的理论基础。     

Label-free fluorescent strategy for sensitive detection of tetracycline based on triple-helix molecular switch and G-quadruplex

In this assay, a label-free fluorescent sensing platform based on triple-helix molecular switch (THMS) and G-quadruplex was developed for the detection of tetracycline. We demonstrated this approach by using THMS, which consists of a central section with a shortened 8-mer aptamer sequence with high affinity to tetracycline and flanked by two arm segments. G-rich oligonucleotide can specifically bind to thioflavin T (ThT) as a signal transduction probe (STP). In the absence of tetracycline, THMS remains stable, the fluorescence of background is low. By the addition of target tetracycline, the aptamer-target binding results in the formation of a structured aptamer-target complex, which disassembles the THMS and releases the STP. The free STP self-assembles into G-quadruplex and specifically binds to ThT which generates a obvious fluorescence enhancement. Using the triple-helix molecular switch, the developed aptamer-based fluorescent sensing platform showed a linear relationship with the concentration of tetracycline ranging from 0.2 to 20.0 nmol/L. The detection limit of tetracycline was determined to be 970.0 pmol/L. The assay avoids complicated modifications or chemical labeling, making it simple and cost-effective. So, it is expected that this aptamer-based fluorescent assay could be extensively applied in the field of food safety inspection.     

Organic-inorganic hybrid fluorescent sensor thin films of rhodamine B embedded Ag-SBA 15 for selective recognition of Hg (Ⅱ) ions in water

Nowadays, the rapid and effective detection of low doses of heavy metal pollutants in contaminated water is a timely challenge in environmental pollution research. In this study, a rapid and highly sensitive assay for the detection of Hg~(2+)based on quenching of metal-enhanced fluorescence of rhodamine B(RB)has been fabricated. RB and silver nanoparticle were incorporated into the mesoporous siliceous framework spin cast on a quartz glass through post-synthetic incorporation method. The morphology and crystallinity of mesoporous structure and Ag nanoparticle were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses. Photoluminescence assays on the hybrid thin film of RB-Ag-SBA15 showed a high enhancement when compared to the intensity of silver free SBA15-RB in the wavelength of 575 nm. The fluorescence of RB-Ag-SBA15 thin film decreased gradually with the increase in the concentration of Hg~(2+)and the detection limits were 10.54 nmol/L. Furthermore, the fluorescence intensity increased linearly with the concentration of Hg~(2+)in the range from 1.0 ? 10à8mol/L to10 ? 10à8mol/L, with a response time of a few seconds. In addition, this system offers a high selectivity over interfering cations such as Cd~(2+) and Pb~(2+). Overall, we have developed an optical assay having a wellordered mesoporous SBA15 containing Ag-RBfor selective detection of Hg~(2+)in aqueous solution. The scheme combines the advantages of specific binding interactions between Hg~(2+)and RB molecule and optical emission properties of RB. The method is suitable for a single-shot and irreversible analytical assay in a quartz glass/microtiter plate.     

鱼精蛋白-核酸适配体-金纳米技术快速检测牛奶中的卡那霉素

基于聚阳离子鱼精蛋白与带负电的核酸适配体以及金纳米粒子之间的静电作用,发展了一种生物纳米检测技术,用于卡那霉素的检测;优化了缓冲溶液中阳离子、鱼精蛋白以及核酸适配体浓度,结果表明在20 mmol/L Na~+、1 mmol/L Mg~(2+)、2 mg/L鱼精蛋白、100 nmol/L核酸适配体条件下,卡那霉素在5~5 000 nmol/L范围内与金纳米粒子的吸光度比值呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数(R2)为0.992 8,方法的检出限为0.53 nmol/L。在此实验条件下,检测了牛奶中卡那霉素的含量,回收率为96%~98%,相对标准偏差为1.5%~3.2%。该方法选择性高,灵敏度好,线性范围广,显示出其应用于食品中卡那霉素检测的优势。     

铈锆复合氧化物修饰电极的制备及用于水样中Pb2+的检测

铅是一种有毒重金属,广泛分布在自然界中,会影响生态环境以及损害人体健康,因此对铅离子的检测十分必要。采用水热法制备了Ce₂Zr₂O_7.04纳米复合材料,将其滴涂在玻碳电极上制成修饰电极。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分别对材料的组成、形貌、价态进行了表征。使用方波阳极溶出伏安法（SWASV）对Pb²⁺进行检测,发现该修饰电极对Pb²⁺具有良好的电流响应,同时对缓冲溶液、除氧时间、富集电位和pH值等条件进行了优化。结果表明,在优化的测试条件下,该修饰电极对Pb²⁺的检测线性范围为0.0025~3.5 μmol/L,检测限（LOD）（3S/N）为0.198 nmol/L,回收率在97.6％~104.4％之间。应用于水样中Pb²⁺的检测表现出良好的重现性、稳定性和抗干扰能力,为水样中Pb²⁺的检测提供了一种新的方法。     

Electrochemical sensor for Cd2+ and Pb2+ detection based on nano-porous pseudo carbon paste electrode

An electrochemical sensor based on self-made nano-porous pseudo carbon paste electrode (nano-PPCPE) has been successfully developed, and used to detect Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺. The results showed that the electrodes can quantitatively detect trace Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺, and with satisfied limit of detection, which has great significance in electrochemical analysis and detection.