C18柱串联冠醚手性柱高效分离3种芳香族氨基酸对映体

将C18柱与手性冠醚柱串联,建立了一种反相高效液相色谱法用于3种芳香族氨基酸对映体同时拆分的方法.考察了反相色谱流动相的组成、pH值、柱温、流速对对映体拆分的影响.实验结果表明,当流动相为HClO4-乙睛溶液(86:14,V/V,pH 2.0)、柱温20℃、流速0.4 mL/min时,3种氨基酸对映体可获得基线分离.进一步对比了C18柱、冠醚手性柱和串联顺序不同的4种分离模式,结果表明,C18柱不能拆分氨基酸对映体,仅能分离不同种类氨基酸;冠醚手性柱可分离氨基酸映体,但不同种类氨基酸色谱峰出现重叠;串联模式能实现3种氨基酸对映体的基线分离,实现双柱优势互补,而串联顺序对分离影响不大,仅影响色谱峰的峰形.     

配体交换毛细管区带电泳拆分未衍生化氨基酸

以铜(Ⅱ)-L-谷氨酸络合物为手性分离选择剂,对苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸3种非衍生芳香族氨基酸的手性对映体拆分进行了研究,建立了一种快速、简便拆分未衍生化的氨基酸对映体的配体交换毛细管电泳方法.在使用10 mmol/L NH4AC(pH 5.0),5 mmol/L CuSO4和10 mmol/L L-谷氨酸的条件下,成功地拆分了苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸手性对映体;色氨酸手性对映体也得到部分分离;考察了电泳缓冲液组成、pH值等影响分离效果的因素.     

冠醚手性固定相的合成及其性能评价

以R-联萘酚为原料,利用铃木反应改进合成了已有文献报道的R-(3,3'-二苯基-1,1'-二萘基)-20-冠-6,并将其涂敷于C18硅胶(平均粒径5μm,孔径120)上制成了可用于高效液相色谱手性拆分的R-(3,3'-二苯基-1,1'-二萘基)-20-冠-6冠醚固定相(CSP).在以p H=2的高氯酸溶液为流动相,流速为0.1 m L·min-1,柱温为25℃的条件下,研究了R-(3,3'-二苯基-1,1'-二萘基)-20-冠-6冠醚固定相(CSP)对13种α-氨基酸对映体的拆分能力,并将其拆分结果与商品CR(+)柱进行了对比.实验结果表明在此色谱条件下,有11种α-氨基酸对映体(苯甘氨酸、对羟基苯甘氨酸、蛋氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸)能得到不同程度的拆分,并且对其中6种α-氨基酸对映体的拆分效果要好于商品CR(+)柱.研究表明此冠醚手性固定相对α-氨基酸对映体有很好的手性识别能力,在对α-氨基酸对映体的拆分上能与商品CR(+)柱相媲美.     

同时烙印分子烙印手性固定相

对采用两种对本同时烙印的方法,制备的氨基酸衍生物分子烙印手性固定相进行了考察。研究表明,如果两种烙印分子单独烙印的分子烙印手性对固定相对两种烙印分子具有较强的手性交叉拆分能力,那么这两种烙印分子同时烙印制得的分子烙印手性固定相就可对两种烙印分子均具有很好的手性分离能力,从而使专一性强的分子烙印手性固定相能同时分离多种对映体。     

手性金属有机骨架构筑的电化学传感器对色氨酸对映体的识别

本文将金属离子(Cu(Ⅱ)), 1,10-菲啰啉(Phen)和L-谷氨酸(L-Glu)组装,使用一锅法合成了手性金属有机骨架(L-Glu-Phen-Cu(Ⅱ))。L-Glu-Phen-Cu(Ⅱ)作为一种新型的电化学传感界面,由于具有良好的对映体选择性(IL/ID=2.24),被用于对色氨酸(Trp)对映体的手性识别中。Cu(Ⅱ)和L-Glu配位实现了L-Glu-Phen-Cu(Ⅱ)立体选择性的构建,Cu(Ⅱ)和Phen配位增强了电化学信号,实现了L-Glu-Phen-Cu(Ⅱ)高对映选择性的构建。本研究不仅为高效的Trp对映体检测提供了一种易于调节、低成本的传感界面,而且将直接合成的手性MOFs用于手性识别提供了一种可行的新思路。     

原位聚合那格列奈分子印迹手性固定相的分子识别特性研究

以手性药物那格列奈为模板分子,采用原位聚合法制备了具有特定识别性能和手性拆分能力的分子印迹聚合物,并用作高效液相色谱固定相实现了那格列奈与其对映体的手性拆分．通过静态结合方法考察了该聚合物的选择结合能力,并讨论了手性分离过程中的热力学性质．结果表明,原位聚合法制备的棒状聚合物固定相对模板分子及其对映体有很好的手性拆分性能．     

海藻酸钠涂敷手性固定相的制备及色谱评价

将海藻酸钠的乙酸溶液涂敷在3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅胶上,合成和表征了海藻酸钠涂敷手性固定相,以不同比例的正己烷/异丙醇为流动相,研究了正相色谱条件下海藻酸钠涂敷手性固定相对10种手性化合物对映体及3种位置异构体的拆分能力。在常用流动相条件下,有6种手性化合物对映体(3-苄氧基-1,2-丙二醇、DNB-亮氨酸、1-(1-萘基)-乙醇、联糠醛、阿普洛尔、反-1,2二苯环氧乙烷)和2种位置异构体(o,m,p-苯二酚、o,m,p-二溴苯)得到不同程度的拆分,表明海藻酸钠涂敷手性固定相手性识别率较高,手性识别能力较好。     

基于手性配体交换反应立体选择性萃取分离氧氟沙星对映体

基于配体交换反应,研究了氧氟沙星对映体在含有Cu²⁺和N-n-十二烷基-L-脯氨酸手性配体(L)两相体系中的分配平衡.在不同pH条件下,考察了Cu²⁺在含有N-n-十二烷基-L-脯氨酸两相中的分布;研究了pH,Cu²⁺浓度,手性配体浓度等因素对氧氟沙星对映体在两相中的分配系数(K)和分离因子(α)的影响.实验结果表明,N-n-十二烷基-L-脯氨酸对R-氧氟沙星对映体萃取能力大于对S-对映体的萃取能力;pH对K和α的影响很大,在pH值小于3.5时,L₂Cu二元配合物的生成在热力学上看是不适宜的,萃取时pH宜大于3.5;手性配体和Cu²⁺摩尔比为2:1,K和α最佳;使用2×1中空纤维膜对氧氟沙星对映体进行萃取分离,出口水相氧氟沙星对映体浓度比值(S/R)约为1.72.     

酶法获得的多肽库用于新型手性固定相的制备

采用胰蛋白酶酶解牛血清白蛋白,将制备的酶解液超滤,得到相对分子质量小于6000的小分子多肽库。应用羰基咪唑法将该多肽库键合至多孔硅胶,得到一种新型手性固定相。应用该新型手性固定相成功地拆分了两种氨基酸对映体。     

键合型聚丙烯酰胺衍生物手性固定相的制备与手性识别性能

高效液相色谱(HPLC)被广泛认为是分离制备光学纯单一对映体的最有效方法。在高效液相色谱手性拆分中,手性固定相(CSP)的性能直接影响到色谱柱的手性分离能力。在众多手性固定相中,键合型手性固定相具有溶剂耐受性好,分离模式灵活等优点,已经发展成为一类重要的手性固定相。本文通过两步化学反应合成了新型的光学活性丙烯酰胺衍生物--(S)-1-丙烯酰-2-(N-苯基甲酰胺基)吡咯烷((S)-APACP),采用核磁共振氢谱表征了(S)-APACP的化学结构;通过3步化学反应制备了键合型聚丙烯酰胺衍生物手性固定相,采用热重分析法表征了聚合物的键合量,采用HPLC评价了键合型手性固定相的识别能力,分析了影响其手性识别能力的因素。研究结果表明,APACP聚合物成功地键合到硅胶表面制备了具有良好溶剂耐受性的键合型手性固定相,其聚合物键合量为10.2%~11.8%,该键合型手性固定相对若干种对映体显示了较好的手性识别能力。     

Preparation and evaluation of a chiral stationary phase covalently bound with a chiral pseudo-18-crown-6 ether having a phenolic hydroxy group for enantiomer separation of amino compounds

In order to develop a chiral stationary phase (CSP), which has even higher separation ability than the corresponding commercially available crown ether based CSP (OA-8000 having a pseudo-18-crown-6 ether with an OMe group as a selector), chemically bonded type CSP having a phenolic OH group on a crown ring was developed. Normal mobile phases with or without acid additive can be used with this OH type CSP in contrast to the conventional OMe type CSP which has a neutral chiral selector. Enantiomers of 25 out of 27 amino compounds, including 20 amino acids, 5 amino alcohols, and 2 lipophilic amines, were efficiently separated on a column with this CSP. Nine amino compounds out of 27 were separated with better separation factors than the corresponding OMe type CSP. It is noteworthy that the chromatography on this CSP exhibited excellent enantiomer-separations for amines and amino alcohols when triethyl amine was used as an additive in the mobile phase. Comparison of enantiomer separation ability on this OH type of CSP and on the OMe type of CSP and correlation between the enantioselectivity in chiral chromatography and that of the corresponding model compounds in solution imply that the chiral separation arose from chiral recognition in host guest interactions.     

Improvement of chiral stationary phases based on cinchona alkaloids bonded to crown ethers by chiral modification

To improve the chiral recognition capability of a cinchona alkaloid crown ether chiral stationary phase, the crown ether moiety was modified by the chiral group of (1S, 2S)‐2‐aminocyclohexyl phenylcarbamate. Both quinine and quinidine‐based stationary phases were evaluated by chiral acids, chiral primary amines and amino acids. The quinine/quinidine and crown ether provided ion‐exchange sites and complex interaction site for carboxyl group and primary amine group in amino acids, respectively, which were necessary for the chiral discrimination of amino acid enantiomers. The introduction of the chiral group greatly improved the chiral recognition for chiral primary amines. The structure of crown ether moiety was proved to play a dominant role in the chiral recognitions for chiral primary amines and amino acids.     

New chiral crown ether stationary phase for the liquid chromatographic resolution of alpha-amino acid enantiomers

A new chiral stationary phase (CSP) for the liquid chromatographic separation of enantiomers was prepared by bonding a novel enantiopure (diphenyl-substituted 1,1'-binaphthyl) crown ether to 5 microm silica gel. The resulting CSP was applied to the separation of the enantiomers of various natural and unnatural alpha-amino acids. All alpha-amino acids tested were resolved very well on the new CSP, with the exception of proline, which does not contain a primary amino group. The resolution of alpha-amino acid enantiomers on this new CSP was found to be dependent on the type and amounts of organic and acidic modifiers, and on column temperature.     

Suitability of teicoplanin-aglycone bonded stationary phase for simulated moving bed enantioseparation of racemic amino acids employing composition-constrained eluents

The suitability of a teicoplanin-aglycone based chiral stationary phase for the simulated moving bed (SMB) enantioseparation of amino acids under enzyme-compatible conditions was shown following a procedure that is based solely on model-based simulations and HPLC experiments. A set of eight amino acids could be separated employing aqueous solvent containing only 10% (v/v) methanol, five of them with baseline resolution. The impact of type and concentration of organic modifier and pH modifier and pH on the separation characteristics of racemic methionine was investigated. Invariant elution profiles of repetitive adsorption/desorption of large amounts of methionine representing SMB-like conditions suggest stable adsorption behavior. Competitive loading capacity (20 mg of methionine per g of chiral stationary phase (CSP)) and SMB productivity (1 g of D-methionine per g of CSP per day) were predicted. The applied transport-dispersive model based on a competitive Bi-Langmuir isotherm was validated and its parameter estimated by model-based experimental analysis.     

Enantioseparation of protonated primary arylalkylamines and amino acids containing an aromatic moiety on a pyridino-crown ether based new chiral stationary phase

This paper reports the preparation and testing of a new pyridino-18-crown-6 ether based chiral stationary phase (CSP). The chiral crown ether was covalently bound to silica gel. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was used for probing the complex formation of the chiral crown ether with the enantiomers of protonated primary arylalkylamines. The (S,S)-dimethylpyridino-18-crown-6 ether selector having a terminal double bond was first transformed to a triethoxysilyl derivative by regioselective hydrosilylation, and then heated with spherical HPLC quality silica gel to obtain the CSP. The discriminating power of the HPLC column filled with the above CSP was tested by using the hydrogenperchlorate salts of racemic α-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine (1-NEA), α-(2-naphthyl)ethylamine (2-NEA) and the hydrochloride salts of aromatic α-amino acids and α-amino acids containing different aromatic side-chain protecting groups.     

Chromatographic Resolution of α‐Amino Acids by (R)‐(3,3'‐Halogen Substituted‐1,1'‐binaphthyl)‐20‐crown‐6 Stationary Phase in HPLC

Three new chiral stationary phases (CSPs ) for high‐performance liquid chromatography were prepared from R ‐(3,3'‐halogen substituted‐1,1'‐binaphthyl)‐20‐crown‐6 (halogen = Cl, Br and I). The experimental results showed that R ‐(3,3'‐dibromo‐1,1'‐binaphthyl)‐20‐crown‐6 ( CSP ‐1 ) possesses more prominent enantioselectivity than the two other halogen‐substituted crown ether derivatives. All twenty‐one α ‐amino acids have different degrees of separation on R ‐(3,3'‐dibromo‐1,1'‐binaphthyl)‐20‐crown‐6‐based CSP ‐1 at room temperature. The enantioselectivity of CSP ‐1 is also better than those of some commercial R ‐(1,1'‐binaphthyl)‐20‐crown‐6 derivatives. Both the separation factors (α ) and the resolution (R _s) are better than those of commercial crown ether‐based CSPs [CROWNPAK CR (+) from Daicel] under the same conditions for asparagine, threonine, proline, arginine, serine, histidine and valine, which cannot be separated by commercial CR (+). This study proves the commercial usefulness of the R ‐(3,3'‐dibromo‐1,1'‐binaphthyl)‐20‐crown‐6 chiral stationary phase.     

Determination of chromatographic separation parameters of tryptophan enantiomers on a Chirosil-SCA chiral stationary phase by using the inverse method based on the initial guesses estimated from elution by characteristic point method

An effective chiral stationary phase (CSP) for enantioseparation of amino acids was established previously by bonding (18-crown-6)-2, 3, 11, 12-tetracarboxylic acid to silica gel. This CSP has recently been commercialized under the name of Chirosil-SCA. As a first step for developing a Chirosil-SCA simulated moving bed chromatographic process for separation of tryptophan enantiomers, the adsorption isotherm and mass-transfer parameters of each tryptophan enantiomer on the Chirosil-SCA CSP were determined in this study while using only water as a mobile phase. For this task, inverse method (IM) was applied on the basis of the initial guesses estimated from elution by characteristic point (ECP) method, which was found to be more advantageous in the aspects of both accuracy and computational efficiency than the case of utilizing individually only IM or ECP method. The results revealed that the adsorption behavior of each tryptophan enantiomer on the Chirosil-SCA could be well described by the Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm. The model predictions based on the determined parameter values were in close agreement with the experimental chromatograms from a series of single-component or mixture pulse tests that were performed under various feed concentrations and flow rates. It was also found that the Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm parameters of each enantiomer were largely affected by temperature. Such a marked dependence of the parameters on temperature was investigated quantitatively. The results of such an investigation indicated that as the temperature decreases, the adsorption affinities of both enantiomers become higher and the heterogeneity of the Chirosil-SCA becomes more pronounced.     

Preparation and evaluation of novel chiral stationary phases based on quinine derivatives comprising crown ether moieties

The C9‐position of quinine was modified by meta‐ or para‐substituted benzo‐18‐crown‐6, and immobilized on 3‐mercaptopropyl‐modified silica gel through the radical thiol‐ene addition reaction. These two chiral stationary phases were evaluated by chiral acids, amino acids, and chiral primary amines. The crown ether moiety on the quinine anion exchanger provided a ligand‐exchange site for primary amino groups, which played an important role in the retention and enantioselectivity for chiral compounds containing primary amine groups. These two stationary phases showed good selectivity for some amino acids. The complex interaction between crown ether and protonated primary amino group was investigated by the addition of inorganic salts such as LiCl, NH₄Cl, NaCl, and KCl to the mobile phase. The resolution results showed that the simultaneous interactions between two function moieties (quinine and crown ether) and amino acids were important for the chiral separation.     

New chiral crown ether stationary phase for the liquid chromatographic resolution of α-amino acid enantiomers

A new chiral stationary phase (CSP) for the liquid chromatographic separation of enantiomers was prepared by bonding a novel enantiopure (diphenyl-substituted 1,1′-binaphthyl) crown ether to 5 μm silica gel. The resulting CSP was applied to the separation of the enantiomers of various natural and unnatural α-amino acids. All α-amino acids tested were resolved very well on the new CSP, with the exception of proline, which does not contain a primary amino group. The resolution of α-amino acid enantiomers on this new CSP was found to be dependent on the type and amounts of organic and acidic modifiers, and on column temperature.     

Enantioselective separation of racemic secondary amines on a chiral crown ether-based liquid chromatography stationary phase

The first general enantioselective separation of racemic secondary amines on a crown ether-based liquid chromatography chiral stationary phase (CSP) is presented. The CSP is based on (+)- or (-)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid covalently bonded to silica gel. A mobile phase containing methanol, acetonitrile, triethylamine and acetic acid was employed in these separations of secondary amines with crown ether CSPs. The separation mechanism is believed to be the secondary amine forming a complex which includes crown ether coordination and electrostatic interaction of the positively charged amine with a carboxylate anion of the immobilized crown ether.