Nuclear tracks: present and future perspectives

Current research work related to the development of nuclear tracks comprising: (i) fundamental principles (nuclear track physics and chemistry, as well as development of track detectors and the relevant hard- and software), (ii) development of nuclear instruments and methods (etch track radiometers for ions, neutrons and cosmic rays, radon monitoring devices, radiography and fission track dating) is briefly outlined. The paper concentrates on a literature survey of applications of nuclear tracks in (iii) physical sciences (high-energy physics, nuclear physics and earth sciences), (iv) biomedical sciences (radiation protection, environment, cancer therapy), and (v) technological sciences (materials, nano-technology and nuclear technology).

Presently about 350 papers per year are being published in this field. Increased activity is noted in ion track technology (track-made membranes, modern nano-tech methodology including biological and biological-like samples, nano-electrode bio-electrochemistry, bio-magnetic assays and probes). New applications of nuclear tracks in fundamental (possibility of the detection of neutron quantum states in a gravitational field, nucleus–nucleus interactions, search for new chemical super-heavy elements) and applied science (precise measurements of the behaviour of radiation in human tissue in connection with of long term space missions and treatment of cancer) are surveyed, and possible research in the next decades is presented and examined in this review paper.     

M?ssbauer spectroscopy database: past, present, future

M?ssbauer Spectroscopy is a useful tool for scientific research in many fields, lots of researchers benefited from this technology which discovered by Rudolf M?ssbauer. Up to now, there are more than one million M?ssbauer data records present in public papers and books, and the number is increasing. Most of these data records have been collected by M?ssbauer Effect Data Center (MEDC) since 40 years ago, and now all these data records can be seen on the web of database. MEDC, as a part of M?ssbauer community, is and always will be offering better service with the help of the entire community.     

主编的话

Happy New Year! As many of you are aware that Chinese science is at the crucial stage of development. We are now seeing more and more high quality works being produced by Chinese scientists working in China. However, high quality scientific works are rarely published in Chinese scientific journals so far. Therefore, the development of scientific journals publishing in China now becomes a more and more important indication of the science development in China. In the development of the chemical physics research field in China, the Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics (CJCP) has made significant contributions in the past 18 years. Since CJCP is primarily a Journal published in Chinese previously, its impact in the international scientific community has been quite limited. At this moment, we believe CJCP should increase its impact in the international community. We believe that making CJCP an English journal is a crucial step to increase its in°uence internationally. Therefore, upon the recommendation of senior editorial members, we now change CJCP into an full English journal from this issue on. We have also formed a high quality editorial board to help the editorial matters in CJCP, and a prestigious advisory board to advise us of the future development. I am very honored to be selected as the new Editor-in-Chief for the next four years. I hope by the end of my term, the impact of this journal is significantly improved through the efforts of our editorial team. Building a high quality scientific journal is not an easy task. I hope that every member of our chemical physics community can provide strong support to this journal by sending your high quality research papers in the future. We are also thinking about adding new sections of this journal to attract more readers. With the support of our community, I am confident that we can make this journal a more successful one. Here, I want to take this opportunity to thank the great leadership provided by the Editor-in-Chief since the foundation of this journal, Professor Nan-quan Lou, who has just become a senior advisory board member of this journal. I also want to thank the senior associate editor, Prof. Shu-qin Yu, who has made great contributions to the development of CJCP. Many thanks also go to the other senior associate editors, Profs. Die-yan Chen, Hai-lung Dai, Xing-xiao Ma, Han-qing Wang, Hou-wen Xin, Cun-hao Zhang and Qi-he Zhu, who have made important contributions to CJCP in the past 18 years. We plan that CJCP will soon become available online so that members of our community can access this journal easily through internet. This will also help us to provide greater visibility of this journal in the international research community. Xue-ming Yang Editor-in-Chief February 12, 2006     

Production of low- and high-energy radioactive-ion beams by fragmentation

The physics opportunities made possible by beams of rare isotopes are among the richest available in nuclear science. The rare-isotope accelerator (RIA) now under development is an innovative accelerator that will define the state of the art for all such facilities. A novel aspect of the RIA project is the conversion of the most intense high-energy heavy-ion beams into both fast and reaccelerated exotic beams. Along with target fragmentation in next-generation high-power ISOL targets, RIA will use projectile fragmentation in a high-energy separator/gas-filled ion collector system to provide an extensive range of thermalized ions for reacceleration. In addition, a second high-energy separator will provide the same or larger range of ions for high-energy experiments. A brief overview of the RIA accelerator concept, the layout of the facility, and production techniques will be given along with information on the present R&D efforts in gaseous-ion collection. Received: 21 March 2002 / Accepted: 16 May 2002 / Published online: 31 October 2002 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: morrissey@nscl.msu.edu     

基于数据库进行乏燃料鉴别的多元统计分析研究

近年来,随着国际核军控形势的变化,包含防扩散、防核恐及核安保的多边国际军控合作越来越受到重视.核取证技术作为防扩散、防核恐及核安保的一项核心技术,在对涉核非法活动的威慑、阻止以及响应方面具有重要作用,值得深入研究.目前针对核取证技术的研究较多,主要集中于材料的表征和数据的解读.其中解读作为核取证研究技术中最重要的一环,所面对的对象是多种多样的,包括铀矿石、黄饼、核燃料、乏燃料等,而其中乏燃料由于其潜在的威胁越来越受到重视.本文聚焦于在核取证场景中利用多元统计分析方法进行乏燃料鉴别的研究,主要是利用因子分析、判别分析和回归分析方法对乏燃料组分进行分析,研究各方法的适用范围,并为未来可能的利用数据库进行乏燃料鉴别的工作提供理论依据与可行方案,为相关核取证溯源工作的顺利开展提供支撑.     

Accelerator-driven sub-critical reactor system (ADS) for nuclear energy generation

In this talk we present an overview of accelerator-driven sub-critical reactor systems (ADS), and bring out their attractive features for the elimination of troublesome long-lived components of the spent fuel, as well as for nuclear energy generation utilizing thorium as fuel. In India, there is an interest in the programmes of development of high-energy and high-current accelerators due to the potential of ADS in utilizing the vast resources of thorium in the country for nuclear power generation. The accelerator related activities planned in this direction will be outlined.     

The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties

This paper presents the NUBASE2016 evaluation that contains the recommended values for nuclear and decay properties of 3437 nuclides in their ground and excited isomeric(T_(1/2)≥100 ns) states.All nuclides for which any experimental information is known were considered.NUBASE2016 covers all data published by October 2016 in primary(journal articles) and secondary(mainly laboratory reports and conference proceedings) references,together with the corresponding bibliographical information.During the development of NUBASE2016,the data available in the "Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File"(ENSDF) database were consulted and critically assessed for their validity and completeness.Furthermore,a large amount of new data and some older experimental results that were missing from ENSDF were compiled,evaluated and included in NUBASE2016.The atomic mass values were taken from the "Atomic Mass Evaluation"(AME2016,second and third parts of the present issue).In cases where no experimental data were available for a particular nuclide,trends in the behavior of specific properties in neighboring nuclides(TNN) were examined.This approach allowed to estimate values for a range of properties that are labeled in NUBASE2016 as "non-experimental"(flagged "#").Evaluation procedures and policies used during the development of this database are presented,together with a detailed table of recommended values and their uncertainties.     

Design and study of a high-current 5-cell superconducting rf cavity

The Advanced Photon Source （APS） at Argonne National Laboratory is considering the development of a superconducting linac-based fourth-generation hard X-ray source to meet future scientific needs of the hard X-ray user community. This work specifically focuses on the design of an optimized 5-cell superconducting radio-frequency structure well suited for a high-energy, high-beam-current energy recovery linac. The cavity design parameters are based on the APS storage ring nominal 7 GeV and 100 mA beam operation. A high-current 5-cell cw superconducting cavity operating at 1.4 GHz has been designed. In order to achieve a high current, the accelerating cavity shape has been optimized and large end-cell beam pipes have been adopted. The beam break-up threshold of the cavity has been estimated using the code TDBBU, which predicts a high threshold beam current for a 7 GeV energy recovery linac model. A copper prototype cavity has been fabricated that uses half-cell modules, initially assembled by clamping the cells together.     

J/psi suppression in nucleus-nucleus collisions

We propose a model for calculating J/psi suppression in high-energy hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions. We factorized the process into a production of the cc- pairs convoluted with a transition probability into the observed J/psi mesons. As the produced cc- pairs exit the nuclear matter, multiple scattering increases the square of the relative momentum between the c and c- such that some pairs are transmuted into open charm states. With only one parameter, the energy gained by the produced cc- pair per unit length in the nuclear medium, our model can fit all observed J/psi suppression data in hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions.     

Probing dense baryonic matter

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment will be one of the major scientific activities at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt. The goal of the CBM research program is to explore the QCD phase diagram in the region of high baryon densities using high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. This approach is complementary to the heavy-ion research program at RHIC and LHC where QCD matter at very high temperatures is studied. The relevant observables and the layout of the proposed CBM experimental facility will be discussed.     

基于BS结构的太赫兹光谱数据库的设计与实现

随着太赫兹技术中关键科学与技术问题的解决和有关仪器发展,其在各个领域的应用也备受人们的关注。由于太赫兹光谱技术具有一些独特优势,在快速无损检测技术的发展方面具有重要的应用前景,该技术与其他方法互补,可以解决许多原来难以解决的检测问题。进一步开发太赫兹光谱技术实际检测方法的关键之一就是需要具有一套较为完整和可靠的太赫兹光谱数据库。介绍了近期开发的一个基于浏览器/服务器(Browser/Server)的太赫兹光谱数据库系统。根据实际需要设计了太赫兹光谱数据库的结构和主要功能。该数据库目前包括240多条太赫兹光谱信息,其数据来源包括三个部分：(1)收集了部分国外太赫兹光谱数据库的信息;(2)从文献中收集部分光谱数据;(3)国内部分实验室测量的太赫兹光谱数据。着重介绍了建立BS结构的太赫兹数据库的基本结构和项目,介绍了BS结构太赫兹光谱数据库的功能与检索方法。该数据库具有计算样品的光学参数功能,可以根据输入的太赫兹时域光谱数据计算出样品的吸收系数,折射率等其他光学参数,以便于样品特征研究和谱库检索。检索系统能方便的提供注册用户收集、查询、显示谱图及其实验数据和分子结构图、数据匹配等功能。该数据库可以登录http://www.teralibrary.com进行查询和使用。该数据库是根据目前的太赫兹光谱数据信息建立的,以后会逐渐完善。希望该太赫兹光谱数据库能够为用户提供强大、方便和高效的服务功能,进而推进太赫兹技术在更多领域的应用。     

A Terahertz Spectral Database Based on Browser/Server TechniqueSCIEI北大核心CSCD

With the solution of key scientific and technical problems and development of instrumentation, the application of terahertz technology in various fields has been paid more and more attention. Owing to the unique characteristic advantages, terahertz technology has been showing a broad future in the fields of fast, non-damaging detections, as well as many other fields. Terahertz technology combined with other complementary methods can be used to cope with many difficult practical problems which could not be solved before. One of the critical points for further development of practical terahertz detection methods depends on a good and reliable terahertz spectral database. We developed a BS (browser/server) -based terahertz spectral database recently. We designed the main structure and main functions to fulfill practical requirements. The terahertz spectral database now includes more than 240 items, and the spectral information was collected based on three sources: (1) collection and citation from some other abroad terahertz spectral databases; (2) collected from published literatures; and (3) spectral data measured in our laboratory. The present paper introduced the basic structure and fundament functions of the terahertz spectral database developed in our laboratory. One of the key functions of this THz database is calculation of optical parameters. Some optical parameters including absorption coefficient, refractive index, etc. can be calculated based on the input THz time domain spectra. The other main functions and searching methods of the browser/server-based terahertz spectral database have been discussed. The database search system can provide users convenient functions including user registration, inquiry, displaying spectral figures and molecular structures, spectral matching, etc. The THz database system provides an on-line searching function for registered users. Registered users can compare the input THz spectrum with the spectra of database, according to the obtained correlation coefficient one can perform the searching task very fast and conveniently. Our terahertz spectral database can be accessed at http://www.teralibrary.com. The proposed terahertz spectral database is based on spectral information so far, and will be improved in the future. We hope this terahertz spectral database can provide users powerful, convenient, and high efficient functions, and could promote the broader applications of terahertz technology.     

The compressed baryonic matter experiment at FAIR

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment will be one of the major scientific pillars of the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt. The goal of the CBM research program is to explore the QCD phase diagram in the region of high baryon densities using high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. This includes the study of the equation-of-state of nuclear matter at high densities, and the search for the deconfinement and chiral phase transitions. The CBM detector is designed to measure both bulk observables with large acceptance and rare diagnostic probes such as charmed particles and vector mesons decaying into lepton pairs.     

高能同步辐射光源磁铁数据库系统的设计

高能同步辐射光源(HEPS) 磁铁数据库系统的开发过程包括数据库设计、数据库创建以及用于存储查询的网页管理系统的整体结构设计和开发。根据对磁铁相关数据格式和功能需求的调研, 整个系统采用MySQL数据库, 将HEPS的磁铁相关数据规范统一地存储, 包括磁铁设计参数、磁铁设备信息和磁铁测量数据等。同时, 开发了一套基于web的数据录入、查询管理系统, 能够提供便捷的数据展示、数据获取等功能, 并可以连接HEPS命名数据库、参数数据库等, 对于磁铁设备的安装、运行和维护以及HEPS整体的设备信息管理具有重要的意义。     

核数据共享研究

科学数据共享的重要性已经引起了我国政府的重视,介绍了中国核数据中心在核数据共享项目进行的研究工作.该研究工作主要包括建立核数据数据库和共享平台的建设两方面的内容.The importance of scientific data sharing has been attracted attention of our government. The research of nuclear data sharing in China Nuclear Data Center are introduced. The work includes research of nucler database and development of online service system.     

Applied Bohmian mechanics

Bohmian mechanics provides an explanation of quantum phenomena in terms of point-like particles guided by wave functions. This review focuses on the use of nonrelativistic Bohmian mechanics to address practical problems, rather than on its interpretation. Although the Bohmian and standard quantum theories have different formalisms, both give exactly the same predictions for all phenomena. Fifteen years ago, the quantum chemistry community began to study the practical usefulness of Bohmian mechanics. Since then, the scientific community has mainly applied it to study the (unitary) evolution of single-particle wave functions, either by developing efficient quantum trajectory algorithms or by providing a trajectory-based explanation of complicated quantum phenomena. Here we present a large list of examples showing how the Bohmian formalism provides a useful solution in different forefront research fields for this kind of problems (where the Bohmian and the quantum hydrodynamic formalisms coincide). In addition, this work also emphasizes that the Bohmian formalism can be a useful tool in other types of (nonunitary and nonlinear) quantum problems where the influence of the environment or the nonsimulated degrees of freedom are relevant. This review contains also examples on the use of the Bohmian formalism for the many-body problem, decoherence and measurement processes. The ability of the Bohmian formalism to analyze this last type of problems for (open) quantum systems remains mainly unexplored by the scientific community. The authors of this review are convinced that the final status of the Bohmian theory among the scientific community will be greatly influenced by its potential success in those types of problems that present nonunitary and/or nonlinear quantum evolutions. A brief introduction of the Bohmian formalism and some of its extensions are presented in the last part of this review.     

Gluon shadowing and charmonium/bottonium production on nuclear targets

We examine the suppression ofJ/ω, ω′ and Ψ production on nuclear targets, as observed for proton and pion beams of energies from 200 to 800 GeV. We find that this suppression leads to a universal scaling curve, which indicates that it is due to nuclear modifications of the gluon density (“shadowing”). A parametrisation of the nuclear effect on the gluon density is extracted from the data and used to obtain quantitative estimates for corresponding effects in high-energy heavyion collisions.