氨基甲酸酯基/脲键对混合TDI聚酯-聚氨酯树脂羰基氢键作用的影响

以聚己二酸-2-甲基-2,4戊二醇酯二醇(XCP-2000PM)为软段，以2,4-2,6混合甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI,T-80)、异佛尔酮二胺(IPDA)和乙二醇(EG)、1,2-丙二醇(PG)、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、新戊二醇(NPG)为硬段，制备了系列具有不同氨基甲酸酯基/脲键的聚酯型聚氨酯树脂，采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)研究在总硬段含量不变的情况下，酯羰基、氨基甲酸酯基/脲键、混合甲苯二异氰酸酯结构对羰基氢键的影响。结果表明，在聚酯多元醇酯羰基的作用下，聚酯型聚氨酯树脂的氨酯羰基与酯羰基区红外光谱存在6个吸收峰，聚酯多元醇结构中的内部酯羰基不形成氢键，外部酯羰基部分形成氢键，氢键化程度随着小分子二元醇扩链比例的提高由5%升至9%。在硬段含量为20%时，聚酯型聚氨酯树脂以游离氨酯羰基与酯羰基为主，二者之和在60%左右。在2,4-2,6混合甲苯二异氰酸酯不对称结构的影响下，随着氨基甲酸酯基/脲键的增大，氨酯羰基与脲羰基的氢键化程度降低，游离氨酯羰基、酯羰基与脲羰基增多，微相分离程度减弱，软硬段混合程度增强；总体上脲羰基的氢键化程度所占比例较小，一般在6%左右；而P-PU在扩链...     

有机金属催化剂对脂肪族聚氨酯树脂储存稳定性的影响

以聚己二酸乙二醇丁二醇酯(PBGA)为软段,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)和异佛尔酮二胺(IPDA)为硬段,分别采用辛酸亚锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、MB 20、BiCAT Zn、乙酰丙酮锆、乙酰丙酮镍、新癸酸钕和新癸酸铈8种有机金属催化剂,合成弱溶剂体系的脂肪族聚氨酯树脂.采用FTIR和GPC研究了聚氨酯树脂的合成;采用机械性能测试仪对聚氨酯弹性体膜进行了机械性能测试;通过高温储存实验,考察了有机金属催化剂对聚氨酯树脂储存稳定性的影响;采用FTIR、GPC和1H-NMR等技术研究了聚氨酯树脂的降解机理.结果表明,不同金属离子催化剂对聚氨酯的合成及其储存稳定性有显著影响;树脂在高温储存过程中的黏度降低是聚氨酯分子链结构中的酯基发生醇解,进而导致分子量降低,弹性体机械性能下降.     

偏蓝相干法聚氨酯合成革的制备工艺

本文研究了溶剂型聚氨酯在合成革中的展色性能,以4,4-二苯基甲烷二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、己二酸、乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、甲基丙二醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺及乙酸乙酯为主要原料。考察了多元醇组成、扩链剂种类及溶剂组成等因素对干法聚氨酯合成革展色性影响规律。结果表明,当己二酸系聚酯二元醇中乙二醇与1,4-丁二醇的摩尔比为1∶1时、所用扩链剂组成为乙二醇与甲基丙二醇的摩尔比为1∶0.5,所使用的溶剂中N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与乙酸乙酯的质量比为2∶1时,制备得到的干法聚氨酯合成革的展色性能最佳(偏蓝相)。     

聚酯-聚氨酯溶液的~(13)C-NMR弛豫研究——自旋晶格弛豫与聚氨酯分子在溶液中的局部片段运动

本文对由己二酸丁二醇酯(数均分子量为2000)、4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和扩链剂1,4-丁二醇(BDO)形成的不同分子量的聚氨酯溶液进行了~(13)C核磁共振研究。在氘代二甲基亚砜溶液中,应用JEOL FX-60Q核磁共振仪测定了聚氨酯链中不同嵌段上CH_2和CH碳的自旋晶格弛豫时间(T_1)。利用所得数据对聚氨酯分子的链运动进行了分析和讨论。     

具有超支化结构的聚醚型脂肪族聚氨酯弹性体的合成与表征及力学性能研究

用聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、端羟基超支化聚酯(HB-20)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和1,4-丁二醇,合成了含有超支化结构的聚醚型脂肪族聚氨酯(PU)弹性体.通过Flory-Rehner公式计算了体系的交联密度;用FT-IR、WAXD和DSC表征了超支化PU的氢键化程度和形态.实验结果表明,在PU弹性体中引入少量的HB-20,能提高氨基甲酸酯羰基的氢键化程度和软硬段间的微相分离程度,从而显著提高材料的拉伸强度.由于氢键化程度和交联密度双重效应的影响,含6 wt%HB-20的聚醚型PU与不含HB-20的PU相比拉伸强度提高了2倍多,达到37.9 MPa,断裂伸长率仍高达414%.     

磷酸盐聚酯型水性聚氨酯/纳米SiO2的合成与性能

以2-磷酸基-1,2,4-三羧酸丁烷(PBTCA)、新戊二醇(NPG)为原料,制得数均相对分子质量为1500并含有磷酸基团的聚酯多元醇。将其与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)反应,经1,4-丁二醇(BDO)扩链后得到水性聚氨酯,再以KH550为偶联剂,加入纳米SiO2,合成了纳米改性的磷酸型水性聚氨酯(PWPU)。通过红外光谱(FI-IR)、热重分析(TGA)对PWPU的结构和热稳定性进行了研究,使用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对乳液的形貌进行了观察。通过TEM发现,大量粒径在110 nm左右的化合物合成,并与红外光谱联合分析得出,SiO2通过化学键与PWPU相连接。热重分析、残炭量分析和拉伸测试表明,经过纳米SiO2改性的PWPU其阻燃性、热稳定性以及力学性能均有明显的提升,具有很好的应用前景。     

赖氨酸乙酯扩链聚氨酯弹性体的制备

以1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)为硬段、聚碳酸酯二元醇(PCDL)为软段、赖氨酸乙酯盐酸盐(Lys-OEt)作为扩链剂合成一种新型聚碳酸酯型聚氨酯弹性体.通过力学性能测试、原子力显微镜(AFM)、红外光谱分析和细胞培养,探讨了聚氨酯弹性体软硬段比例、扩链剂对材料性能的影响和材料的细胞毒性.结果表明:随着硬段含量的增加,聚氨酯的机械性能提高.采用Lys-OEt扩链的聚氨酯弹性体拉伸强度达到18.6 MPa,在Lys-OEt、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)3种扩链剂中力学性能最佳.初步的细胞培养实验证明,该材料具有良好的细胞相容性.     

基于PLA的形状记忆聚酯嵌段聚氨酯的相分离行为

以2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)为封端剂,乙二醇(EG)为扩链剂通过2步法合成了一系列具有不同聚丙交酯(PLA)分子量和不同TDI-EG链段长度的聚丙交酯嵌段聚氨酯(PLA-PU)。其中,PLA的分子量从1 500到9 500,PLA、TDI和EG的摩尔比从1:2:1至l:7:6。通过DSC和WAXD等测试技术对材料的两相分离程度进行了研究。结果发现,PLA-PU的相分离程度与样品的热历史具有密切的关系,样品中PLA的分子量和TDI-EG长度对于材料的相分离速率和相分离结构的完善程度具有较大的影响。     

基于多巴胺的聚氨酯黏合剂的合成与性能

通过化学键将多巴胺引入聚氨酯侧链,制备出一种新型的聚氨酯黏合剂.首先通过四步化学反应制备了一种含多巴胺的新型聚氨酯功能扩链剂-多巴胺二羟甲基丙酰胺(DMPA-DA),然后将此扩链剂与1,4-丁二醇(BDO)按不同的比例,制备出一系列含多巴胺的新型聚氨酯热熔胶.利用FT-IR、1H-NMR、GPC、UV-Vis和剪切黏结强度性能测试等手段对该新型聚氨酯的结构和黏附性能进行了表征.结果表明:对于基材聚丙烯(PP),剪切黏结强度随着聚氨酯中多巴胺含量的增加而增强,含多巴胺的聚氨酯其剪切黏结强度达到了0.68 MPa,比不含多巴胺的聚氨酯增强了160％;对于基材低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、Al、不锈钢,含多巴胺聚氨酯的剪切黏结强度分别达到2.00、1.70 MPa和4.55 MPa,比不含多巴胺的聚氨酯均增强了100％以上.     

1,5-萘二异氰酸酯与1,4-丁二醇基为基质的多嵌段聚氨酯弹性体的合成与性能

利用 1 ,5_萘二异氰酸酯 (NDI)和 1 ,4_丁二醇 (BDO)为均匀硬质分子单体 ,与不同软质分子单体 (聚醚、聚酯、聚硅氧烷 )缩合制备多嵌段聚氨酯弹性体 ,详细研究了硬嵌段相 (NDI)弹性体的结构与性能间的关系 ,发现随着硬嵌段相长度的增加 ,或者氨基甲酸酯中胺基与聚醚、聚酯、聚硅氧烷中软段氧原子间氢键的减弱 ,都导致微相分离程度的增加 ,造成聚合物熔点和熔化热的升高。硬嵌段相熔化的多峰行为是由于形成了NDI/BDO半微晶区 ,在退火时转变为更加有序的结晶微区 ,当温度高于 1 80℃时 ,由于氢键的断裂 ,NDI/BDO硬嵌段发生分解反应 ,该过程源于不很有序的硬嵌段半结晶微区。当温度高于 2 5 0℃时 ,发生快速的分解。在动态力学行为方面 ,NDI基聚醚弹性体比其它硅氧烷基的弹性体展示了更高的硬嵌段区的稳定性 ,同时 ,在使用温度范围内 ,也显示出最高的储能模量值 ,表明刚性对温度的依赖性 ,以及NDI/BDO硬嵌段中活性填料的显著影响     

气相色谱法检测工业用乙二醇纯度及杂质

以Rtx-624色谱柱（30 m×0.32 mm×1.8 μm）为分析柱进行分析，采用校正面积归一化法，建立了检测工业用乙二醇纯度及其中有机杂质的气相色谱分析法。该法可检测传统乙烯法制得的乙二醇中固有杂质二乙二醇、三乙二醇和1，3-二氧杂烷-2-甲醇，同时也适用于检测草酸酯加氢法制得的乙二醇中的新杂质（1，2-丁二醇、1，4-丁二醇、1，2-己二醇、碳酸乙烯酯等）。结果表明，该法具有良好的重复性和较高的检测灵敏度，检出限最低可达0.0002%（质量分数），回收率在91.2%~105.4%之间。该法在乙二醇生产控制、产品检测、市场贸易等过程中具有良好的应用前景。     

Synthesis and phase behavior of polyurethanes end-capped with fluorinated phosphatidylcholine head groups

A series of fluorinated phosphatidylcholine polyurethane macromolecular additives were synthesized by solution polymerization using methylenebis(phylene isocyanates)(MDI) and 1,4-butanediol(BDO) as hard segments,a new phoshporycholine,2-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9-hexadecafluoro-10-(2-hydroxyethoxy)decyloxy) ethyl phosphorycholine (HDFOPC) as end-capper,and four polydiols,poly(tetramethylene glycol)s(PTMG),polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS), poly(1,6-hexyl-1,5-pentylcarbonate)(PHPC) and poly(propylene glycol)(PPG) as soft segments,respectively.The chemical structures of the synthesized polyurethanes were characterized by ~1H-NMR and FTIR.DSC and DMA were employed to study the phase behavior of these novel polyurethanes due to their great influences on the surface properties,and hence their interactions with bio-systems.The results showed that phase separation of the fluorinated phosphatidylcholine end-capped polyurethanes was increased in comparison with that of normal polyurethanes.The effect of fluorinated phosphatidylcholine end-capped groups on the phase behavior was further demonstrated by analyzing the degree of hydrogen-bonding between hard and soft segments.     

On the perturbation of the intramolecular H-bond in diols by supercritical CO2: a theoretical and spectroscopic study

The role played by supercritical carbon dioxide used as a dispersant medium in the synthesis of polyurethane particles has been investigated. High-temperature-high-pressure in situ infrared spectroscopic measurements combined with ab initio calculations were performed to investigate the hydroxyl stretching vibrations of ethylene glycol (EG) and 1,4-butanediol (BD), two monomers commonly used in the field of step growth polymerization. Specific interactions between the diols and CO2 have been put in evidence. While the structural characteristics of EG and BD are very similar--both diols have a gauche conformation due to an internal H-bond between the two hydroxyl functions--they behave differently in the presence of dense CO2. In the case of EG, this internal H-bond is broken, allowing the diol and CO2 to form a complex through the conjunction of a Lewis acid-Lewis base (LA-LB) interaction and a new H-bond. When BD complexes to CO2, this internal H-bond remains and is even reinforced indirectly by the LA-LB interaction occurring between the two moieties. In both cases, such a complex formation induces a polarization of the hydroxyl groups and consequently an increase of their nucleophilicity.     

Structure analysis of polyether-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers by FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR

One kind of unknown structure sequence and composition ratio of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results showed that the polyurethane (PU) was obtained from poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG) as soft segment, 1,4-butanediol (BDO) as chain extender, and 4,4′-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) as hard segment. Furthermore, the composition ratio of MDI:PTMG:BDO was 2.07:1.22:1.00. At last, the molecular weight of PU was determined by GPC, and the number average molecular weight (M_n) and weight average molecular weight (M_w) are 63,300 and 133,800?g?mol^?1, respectively.     

PREPARATION OF EVOH MICROPOROUS MEMBRANES via THERMALLY INDUCED PHASE SEPARATION USING BINARY SOLVENTS

Microporous ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer （EVOH） flat membranes and hollow-fiber membranes with 38 mol% ethylene content were prepared via thermally induced phase separation （TIPS） using the mixture of 1,4-butanediol and poly（ethylene glycol）（PEG400） as diluents. Effects of the ratio of 1,4-butanediol to PEG400 on the phase diagrams, phase separation mechanism and membrane morphology were studied by small angle light scattering （SALS） measurements, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, and scanning ele~：tron microscopy （SEM）. It was found that by varying the composition of the binary solvent, the phase diagrams and membrane morphology can be controlled successfully. Moreover, the phase diagrams showed that broader regions of Liquid-Liquid （L-L） phase separation were obtained, as well as closer distances between L-L phase separation lines and Solid-Liquid （S-L） phase separation lines, Interconnected structures observed both in the flat membrane and hollow fiber membrane consist with the above results.     

水性丙烯酸酯聚氨酯涂料的研究

合成了含羟基的丙烯酸酯树脂,并与甲苯二异氰酸酯反应制备预聚体Ⅰ,Ⅰ与扩链剂二羟甲基丙酸反应得到含羧基的预聚体Ⅱ,最后用1,4-丁二醇交联,制得水性丙烯酸酯聚氨酯涂料,讨论了合成过程中影响乳液稳定性和涂膜性能的因素。测试结果表明：涂膜的强度、光泽、硬度等性能均优于传统的同类树脂。     

Photocatalytic 2-Iodoethanol Coupling to Produce 1,4-Butanediol Mediated by TiO2 and a Catalytic Nickel Complex

Photocatalytic 2-iodoethanol (IEO) coupling provides 1,4-butanediol (BDO) of particular interest to produce degradable polyesters. However, the reduction potential of IEO is too negative (−1.9 vs NHE) to be satisfied by most of the semiconductors, and the kinetics of transferring one electron for IEO coupling is slow. Here we design a catalytic Ni complex, which works synergistically with TiO₂, realizing reductive coupling of IEO powered by photo-energy. Coordinating by terpyridine stabilizes Ni²⁺ from being photo-deposited to TiO₂, thereby retaining the steric configuration beneficial for IEO coupling. The Ni complex can rapidly extract electrons from TiO₂, generating a low-valent Ni capable of reducing IEO. The photocatalytic IEO coupling thus provides BDO in 72 % selectivity. By a stepwise procedure, BDO is obtained with 70 % selectivity from ethylene glycol. This work put forward a strategy for the photocatalytic reduction of molecules requiring strong negative potential.     

Mobility of molecules of liquid diols in the temperature range of 303–318 K

The self-diffusion coefficients of diols (ethylene glycol (EG), 1,2- and 1,3-propanediols (PD), and 1,4-butanediol (BD)) are measured using the spin echo approach on protons in the temperature range of 303–318 K. The activation energies of self-diffusion are calculated and compared to the activation energies for viscous flow and dipole relaxation in these systems. A conclusion is reached as to the correlation of rotational and translational movements in liquid diols, due to the presence of a spatial network of hydrogen bonds in these solvents.     

多元醇对对苯二异氰酸酯基聚氨酯微孔弹性体的形态与性能影响

以对苯二异氰酸酯(PPDI)、1,4-丁二醇、水、聚四氢呋喃醚多元醇(PTMEG)和氢化端羟基丁二烯多元醇(HLBH)为原料,采用两步法制备出聚氨酯微孔弹性体样品。通过傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱(FTIR-ATR)、动态机械分析(DMA)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、万能材料试验机等技术手段对样品的微相分离、耐低温性能、动态生热进行了系统表征。结果表明,两种多元醇结构对泡孔尺寸影响不大,微孔尺寸在100~300μm之间,其中以150μm尺寸左右的泡孔居多;HLBH制备的聚氨酯微孔弹性体硬段形成的氢键数量多于PTMEG制备的微孔弹性体,具有更好的微相分离;由于较好的微相分离结构,HLBH样品在-30~150℃具有很宽的模量平台区,而PTMEG样品受软段的低温结晶影响,在0℃以下模量急剧上升,HLBH样品低温下的刚度变化优于PTMEG样品;同时HLBH样品的滞后生热亦小于PTMEG样品,具有更好的动态疲劳性能。