稀土药用研究的动向和问题

人们对稀土药用的兴趣普遍增加.最近Chemical Society Reviews在2006年第6期刊登了镧系元素药用研究专刊,专门介绍稀土药用研究的现状.针对该专刊和稀土药用研究的现状,作者讨论了稀土化合物药用研究的发展动向,特别讨论了需要解决的关键基础问题.从新药研究模式的转变得到启发,提出如何把负面生物效应转化为药理作用,如何从干预细胞信号网络入手进行研究,如何处理活性与毒副作用的关系,以及药物合理设计的策略等.     

稀土药用研究的动向和问题

人们对稀土药用的兴趣普遍增加.最近Chemical Society Reviews在2006年第6期刊登了镧系元素药用研究专刊,专门介绍稀土药用研究的现状.针对该专刊和稀土药用研究的现状,作者讨论了稀土化合物药用研究的发展动向,特别讨论了需要解决的关键基础问题.从新药研究模式的转变得到启发,提出如何把负面生物效应转化为药理作用,如何从干预细胞信号网络入手进行研究,如何处理活性与毒副作用的关系,以及药物合理设计的策略等.     

稀土高分子荧光材料研究综述

本文从稀土荧光理论基础出发，对几十年来含稀土高分子荧光的研究成果进行分析归纳，讨论如何制得荧光强度大的含稀土高分子功能材料。同时综合评述了国内外有关研究的最新进展，展望了稀土高分子荧光材料研究的发展趋势。     

In This Issue

封面:稀土是重要的稀有元素,资源有限,稀土催化材料是稀土资源尤其是高丰度轻稀土元素(镧、铈、镨等)重要的应用领域.为了反映稀土催化研究的新进展,推进稀土催化材料的发展,本期邀请了在稀土催化研究中比较活跃的课题组撰写了16篇文章组成稀土催化专刊,其中包括2篇综述、1篇快讯和13篇论文,内容主要涉及环境催化、石油化工和能源化工催化等过程.     

从稀土对骨代谢的影响看稀土的药用及安全性

骨骼的正常代谢涉及多种金属离子,随着稀土的应用,通过环境和经由食物链等渠道进入人体内的稀土量也有所增加, 并且在骨组织中相对富集且难排出;由于稀土与钙离子的相似性,它们将干预和调控骨的形成与再造。一方面,稀土被设想可以用来作为治疗骨疾病的药物, 另一方面,它对骨代谢的影响产生负面作用。因此, 稀土的药用和安全性日益成为人们关注的问题。本文回顾了稀土离子对骨代谢影响的研究进展,探讨了其药用和安全性问题, 主要从以下三个方面进行综述: (1)稀土离子对成骨细胞细胞和破骨细胞的分化和功能表达的影响; (2)稀土离子对骨髓基质细胞成骨分化和成脂分化的影响; (3)稀土离子对动物骨矿物相的影响。此外,还指出了该研究领域的不足以及今后应该加强的研究方向。     

无机化合物药用研究前景

国家自然科学基金委员会化学科学部和生命科学部于1999年12月7-9日在北京联合召开了无机物药用学术讨论会.来自大陆和香港的20余位从事这方面研究的专家参加了会议.,与会者充分地敞开思想,对无机药物研究现状展开热烈积极的讨论,对今后我国如何进行有特色、有创新和有应用前景的无机药物研究做了比较细致的探讨,并提出了一些建议,对今后的无机物药用的途径和研究方向取得了共识.     

稀土有机电致发光研究进展

介绍了近年来有机电致发光研究中稀土有机电致发光研究的动态,对稀土有机配合物的选择、配合物的载流子传输性能、稀土有机电致发光器件、电致发光与光致发光的关系以及如何提高电致发光器件亮度等问题进行了讨论。     

稀土神经毒性研究

稀土是我国特有的优势资源,在工农业和医药等行业有着广泛的应用,随之带来了稀土的环境和药物毒性等问题.其中一个受到公众广泛关注的是＂稀土是否具有神经毒性＂的问题.在过去的十年内,人们在稀土神经效应及其机制上的研究上取得了重大的进步.本文总结了在稀土能否透过血脑屏障、稀土对神经系统的生物效应、稀土对神经细胞的作用及其分子机制等方面的进展,对如何进一步研究确认稀土的神经作用进行了讨论.     

我国稀土生物无机化学研究进展

我国稀土生物无机化学研究的特点是紧密结合稀土在农用及药物中应用所提出急需回答的问题, 经过长期的工作, 已在稀土的跨细胞膜运转, 稀土进入动物体内后的物种分布, 稀土与细胞膜的作用, 稀土对血红蛋白结构与载氧功能的作用, 稀土对骨细胞及骨结构的影响以及稀土在大鼠肝脏中的积累等方面取得了满意的结果. 从而可以为今后开展稀土元素在农用及药用中危险性评价的基础数据, 同时亦将促进稀土细胞化学的发展.     

稀土铕配合物发光材料的研究进展

从稀土配合物的合成方法和发光原理出发,总结了稀土铕配合物最新的研究现状,阐述了稀土与磷酸盐基质复合材料研究的深远意义。探讨了铕配合物在生物、农业上的特殊应用性,以及铕配合物在废物资源利用和木材表面改性方面的新研究。同时并就多年来稀土发光材料面临的浓度猝灭问题在研究方面有了新突破进行了简单的报道。最后,总结了稀土发光材料及其应用,展望了稀土复合材料的未来发展趋势。     

Gold--an introductory perspective

We introduce the collection of reviews in this thematic issue of Chemical Society Reviews that demonstrate and discuss the current cutting edge research in the field of gold chemistry and materials science as it stands today. We also highlight achievements in the fields of gold catalysis, gold nanoparticles and the preparative, structural and theoretical chemistry of gold, and discuss the remaining challenges and opportunities. Our aim is to inspire further discovery in these new and deeply fascinating fields.     

Recent progress in hybrid materials science

This themed issue of Chemical Society Reviews reviews recent progress made in hybrid materials science. Guest editors Clément Sanchez, Susumu Kitagawa and Ken Shea introduce the issue and the academic and industrial importance of the field.     

A historical study of structures for communication of organic chemistry information prior to 1950

The evolution of the graphical structure diagram as a means of communication of chemical structure information is traced from its origins through to the mid-20th century. The impact of developments in structural theory on the representation of structures is discussed. A study of how structures were represented in the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Journal of the Chemical Society and its predecessors, the Journal of the American Chemical Society and United States patents was made, making use of electronic journal and patent archives. The problems associated with representing structures graphically are discussed.     

Comment: 2004's fastest organic and biomolecular chemistry!

In January 2003, the Royal Society of Chemistry launched Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry (OBC)--a journal promising to provide high quality research from all aspects of synthetic, physical and biomolecular organic chemistry. The journal was set to build upon the foundations laid down by its predecessor publications (J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 and J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2) as well as complement the subject coverage already published in prestigious general chemistry journals such as Chemical Communications and Chemical Society Reviews. Nearly two years on, just how is the programme developing and what can the community expect to see from the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)?     

Comment: 2004's fastest organic and biomolecular chemistry!

In January 2003, the Royal Society of Chemistry launched Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry (OBC)--a journal promising to provide high quality research from all aspects of synthetic, physical and biomolecular organic chemistry. The journal was set to build upon the foundations laid down by its predecessor publications (J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 and J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2) as well as complement the subject coverage already published in prestigious general chemistry journals such as Chemical Communications and Chemical Society Reviews. Nearly two years on, just how is the programme developing and what can the community expect to see from the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)?     

Comment: 2004's fastest organic and biomolecular chemistry!

In January 2004, the Royal Society of Chemistry launched Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry (OBC) - a journal promising to provide high quality research from all aspects of synthetic, physical and biomolecular organic chemistry. The journal was set to build upon the foundations laid down by its predecessor publications (J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 and J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2) as well as complement the subject coverage already published in prestigious general chemistry journals such as Chemical Communications and Chemical Society Reviews. Nearly two years on, just how is the programme developing and what can the community expect to see from the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)?     

Recent progresses on diarylethene based photochromic switches

Organic photochromic materials have received considerable attention because of their potential for photonic applications, especially for fast and high density data storage. In 2000, Chemical Reviews published a special issue on photochromic materials including a review about the properties and applications of diarylethene photochromic compounds. Since then much impressive progress has been made in this area. Various new diarylethene derivatives have been prepared and examined. The tutorial review presented herein describes developments in diarylethene-based molecular switches made in the last three years. In addition, the synthetic aspects of diarylethene photochromic compounds, which are important issues and neglected in most previous reviews, have been included.     

Awareness in mass speetrometry: An evaluation of services for retrieving and abstracting mass spectrometric literature

The commercially available methods for keeping mass spectrometrists aware of a vast literature are assessed. CA Selects: Mass Speetrometry was found convenient for browsing of current literature but disappointing in its coverage. The lack of an index makes it impracticable for retrospective searching. On the other hand, the Mass Speetrometry Bulletin contains over three times more references, is sectionalized for casual browsing, and its individual issue and annual indices make it very suitable for current and retrospective searching of specific topics. Chemical Abstracts itself contains many more mass spectrometric references than its CA Selects: Mass Speetrometry derivative but that information is difficult to extract comprehensively using the volume indices provided. Both Mass Speetrometry Bulletin and Chemical Abstracts can be accessed by on-line systems. Use of computer searches proved to be excellent for current awareness and retrospective searching of selected topics within mass spectrometry. The mass spectrometrist can readily generate a tailor-made set of terms to extract just the information of personal interest from Mass Speetrometry Bulletin and/or Chemical Abstracts. A detailed search requires use of both databases. On-line searching provided faster and more comprehensive extraction of information than manual searching. On-line systems would, however, be too expensive for browsing in general mass Speetrometry. Some problems and improvements in the various services are described and the role of some publications reviewing mass Speetrometry is briefly discussed.     

The activities of the education and training group of the Analytical Division of the Chemical Society

Summary The aim of the Education and Training Group of the Analytical Division of the Chemical Society is to improve education and training in Analytical Chemistry at all levels: in universities, in industry, and in all establishments where Analytical Chemistry is practised. Teaching methods, the interface between education and employment and other current problems are dealt with in the form of lectures and discussions. The Group also undertakes a continuing series of questionnaires to monitor the development in this field. A biennial prize is sponsored with the intention of stimulating the interest in Analytical Chemistry amongst young people in the U.K.Presented at Euroanalysis III conference, Dublin, August 20–25, 1978     

Challenges and opportunities of modern electrochemistry��a personal reflection

The first version of this article was published in January issue of the Canadian Chemical News in 2000. This issue featured Electrochemistry and coincided with the 200th anniversary of the famous. Volta pile experiment. It also coincided with the 50th anniversary of the International Society of Electrochemistry. In that article I reflected on the past and I pondered on the future of electrochemistry. It was written for general community of Canadian chemists. The present version has been updated. However most of my original thoughts have been retained. I have also retained the original language of an article written to a non-specialized readership.