Products of resolvents and multivalued hybrid mappings in CAT(0) spaces

In this article, we introduce and investigate the concept of multivalued hybrid mappings in CAT(0) spaces by using the concept of quasilinearization. Also, we present a new iterative algorithm involving products of Moreau-Yosida resolvents for finding a common element of the set of minimizers of a finite family of convex functions and a common fixed point of two multivalued hybrid mappings in CAT(0) spaces.     

Viscosity approximation methods for a family of finite nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces

Viscosity approximation methods for a family of finite nonexpansive mappings are established in Banach spaces. The main theorems extend the main results of Moudafi [Viscosity approximation methods for fixed-points problems, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 241 (2000) 46–55] and Xu [Viscosity approximation methods for nonexpansive mappings, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 298 (2004) 279–291] to the case of finite mappings. Our results also improve and unify the corresponding results of Bauschke [The approximation of fixed points of compositions of nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert space, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 202 (1996) 150–159], Browder [Convergence of approximations to fixed points of nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, Archiv. Ration. Mech. Anal. 24 (1967) 82–90], Cho et al. [Some control conditions on iterative methods, Commun. Appl. Nonlinear Anal. 12 (2) (2005) 27–34], Ha and Jung [Strong convergence theorems for accretive operators in Banach spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 147 (1990) 330–339], Halpern [Fixed points of nonexpansive maps, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 73 (1967) 957–961], Jung [Iterative approaches to common fixed points of nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 302 (2005) 509–520], Jung et al. [Iterative schemes with some control conditions for a family of finite nonexpansive mappings in Banach space, Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2005 (2) (2005) 125–135], Jung and Kim [Convergence of approximate sequences for compositions of nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, Bull. Korean Math. Soc. 34 (1) (1997) 93–102], Lions [Approximation de points fixes de contractions, C.R. Acad. Sci. Ser. A-B, Paris 284 (1977) 1357–1359], O’Hara et al. [Iterative approaches to finding nearest common fixed points of nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert spaces, Nonlinear Anal. 54 (2003) 1417–1426], Reich [Strong convergence theorems for resolvents of accretive operators in Banach spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 75 (1980) 287–292], Shioji and Takahashi [Strong convergence of approximated sequences for nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 125 (12) (1997) 3641–3645], Takahashi and Ueda [On Reich's strong convergence theorems for resolvents of accretive operators, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 104 (1984) 546–553], Wittmann [Approximation of fixed points of nonexpansive mappings, Arch. Math. 59 (1992) 486–491], Xu [Iterative algorithms for nonlinear operators, J. London Math. Soc. 66 (2) (2002) 240–256], and Zhou et al. [Strong convergence theorems on an iterative method for a family nonexpansive mappings in reflexive Banach spaces, Appl. Math. Comput., in press] among others.     

Steepest‐descent proximal point algorithms for a class of variational inequalities in Banach spaces

In this paper, we present a new approach to the problem of finding a common zero for a system of m‐accretive mappings in a uniformly convex Banach space with a uniformly Gâteaux differentiable norm. We propose an implicit iteration method and two explicit ones, based on compositions of resolvents with the steepest‐descent method. We show that our results contain some iterative methods in literature as special cases. An extension of the Xu's regularization method for the proximal point algorithm from Hilbert spaces onto Banach ones under simple conditions of convergence and a new variant for the method of alternating resolvents are obtained. Numerical experiments are given to affirm efficiency of the methods.     

Subsets of the square with the continuous and order preserving fixed point property

This study characterizes the convex sets whose complements in the unit square exhibit the fixed point property for mappings which are jointly continuous and order preserving. Hence, one can readily construct simple sets with this fixed point property, but which neither have the fixed point property individually for continuous mappings nor for order preserving mappings. This is the first characterization of any non-trivial set with this property.     

Approximation of common fixed points for a countable family of relatively nonexpansive mappings in a Banach space and applications

In this paper, we prove a strong convergence theorem by the hybrid method for a countable family of relatively nonexpansive mappings in a Banach space. We also establish a new control condition for the sequence of mappings {T_n} which is weaker than the control condition in Lemma 3.1 of Aoyama et al. [K. Aoyama, Y. Kimura, W. Takahashi and M. Toyoda, Approximation of common fixed points of a countable family of nonexpansive mappings in a Banach space, Nonlinear Anal. 67 (2007) 2350-2360]. Moreover, we apply our results for finding a common fixed point of two relatively nonexpansive mappings in a Banach space and an element of the set of solutions of an equilibrium problem in a Banach space, respectively. Our results are applicable to a wide class of mappings.     

Fixed point results for multimaps in CAT(0) spaces

Common fixed point results for families of single-valued nonexpansive or quasi-nonexpansive mappings and multivalued upper semicontinuous, almost lower semicontinuous or nonexpansive mappings are proved either in CAT(0) spaces or R-trees. It is also shown that the fixed point set of quasi-nonexpansive self-mapping of a nonempty closed convex subset of a CAT(0) space is always nonempty closed and convex.     

Asymptotic behavior of resolvents of coaccretive operators in the Hilbert ball

We study the resolvents of coaccretive operators in the Hilbert ball, with special emphasis on the asymptotic behavior of their compositions and metric convex combinations. We consider the case where the given coaccretive operators share a common fixed point inside the ball, as well as the case where they share a common sink point on its boundary. We establish weak convergence in the former case and strong convergence in the latter. We also present two related convergence results for a continuous implicit scheme.     

Implicit iterative algorithms for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in the intermediate sense and Lipschitz-continuous monotone mappings

In this paper, we introduce some implicit iterative algorithms for finding a common element of the set of fixed points of an asymptotically nonexpansive mapping in the intermediate sense and the set of solutions of the variational inequality problem for a monotone, Lipschitz-continuous mapping. These implicit iterative algorithms are based on two well-known methods: extragradient and approximate proximal methods. We obtain some weak convergence theorems for these implicit iterative algorithms. Based on these theorems, we also construct some implicit iterative processes for finding a common fixed point of two mappings, such that one of these two mappings is taken from the more general class of Lipschitz pseudocontractive mappings and the other mapping is asymptotically nonexpansive.     

Viscosity approximation methods for generalized equilibrium problems and fixed point problems with applications

In this paper, we introduce a general iterative scheme for finding a common element of the set of common solutions of generalized equilibrium problems, the set of common fixed points of a family of infinite non-expansive mappings. Strong convergence theorems are established in a real Hilbert space under suitable conditions. As some applications, we consider convex feasibility problems and equilibrium problems. The results presented improve and extend the corresponding results of many others.     

Towards Lim

The paper contains an elegant extension of the Nadler fixed point theorem for multivalued contractions (see Theorem 21). It is based on a new idea of the α-step mappings (see Definition 17) being more efficient than α-contractions. In the present paper this theorem is a tool in proving some fixed point theorems for “nonexpansive” mappings in the bead spaces (metric spaces that, roughly speaking, are modelled after convex sets in uniformly convex spaces). More precisely the mappings are nonexpansive on a set with respect to only one point - the centre of this set (see condition (4)). The results are pretty general. At first we assume that the value of the mapping under consideration at this central point looks “sharp” (see Definition 6). This idea leads to a group of theorems (based on Theorem 7). Their proofs are compact and the theorems, in particular, are natural extensions of the classical results for (usual) nonexpansive mappings. In the second part we apply the idea of Lim to investigate the regular sequences and here the proofs are based on our extension of Nadler's Theorem. In consequence we obtain some fixed point theorems that generalise the classical Lim Theorem for multivalued nonexpansive mappings (see e.g. Theorem 26).     

Hybrid pseudo-viscosity approximation schemes for systems of equilibrium problems and fixed point problems of infinite family and semigroup of non-expansive mappings

In this paper, we introduce hybrid pseudo-viscosity approximation schemes with strongly positive bounded linear operators for finding a common element of the set of solutions to a system of equilibrium problems, the set of fixed points of an infinite family and left amenable semigroup of non-expansive mappings in the frame work of Hilbert spaces. Our goal is to prove a result of strong convergence for hybrid pseudo-viscosity approximation schemes to approach a solution of systems of equilibrium problems which is also a common fixed point of an infinite family and left amenable semigroup of non-expansive mappings. The results presented in this paper can be treated as an extension and improvement of the corresponding results announced by Ceng et al. [L.C. Ceng, Q.H. Ansari, and J.C. Yao, Hybrid pseudo-viscosity approximation schemes for equilibrium problems and fixed point problems of infinitely many non-expansive mappings, Nonlinear Analysis 4 (2010) 743-754] and many others.     

The common minimal-norm fixed point of a finite family of nonexpansive mappings

Consider a finite family of nonexpansive mappings which are defined on a closed convex subset of a Hilbert space H. Suppose the set of common fixed points of this family is nonempty. We then address the problem of finding the minimum-norm element of this common fixed point set. We introduce both cyclic and parallel iteration methods to find this minimal-norm element.     

A new hybrid method for solving a generalized equilibrium problem, solving a variational inequality problem and obtaining common fixed points in Banach spaces, with applications

The purpose of this paper is to prove by using a new hybrid method a strong convergence theorem for finding a common element of the set of solutions for a generalized equilibrium problem, the set of solutions for a variational inequality problem and the set of common fixed points for a pair of relatively nonexpansive mappings in a Banach space. As applications, we utilize our results to obtain some new results for finding a solution of an equilibrium problem, a fixed point problem and a common zero-point problem for maximal monotone mappings in Banach spaces.     

The optimal value and optimal solutions of the proximal average of convex functions

The proximal average of a finite collection of convex functions is a parameterized convex function that provides a continuous transformation between the convex functions in the collection. This paper analyzes the dependence of the optimal value and the minimizers of the proximal average on the weighting parameter. Concavity of the optimal value is established and implies further regularity properties of the optimal value. Boundedness, outer semicontinuity, single-valuedness, continuity, and Lipschitz continuity of the minimizer mapping are concluded under various assumptions. Sharp minimizers are given further attention. Several examples are given to illustrate our results.     

Fixed point solutions of generalized equilibrium problems for nonexpansive mappings

In this paper, we introduce an iterative scheme for finding a common element of the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping and the set of solutions of a generalized equilibrium problem in a real Hilbert space. Then, strong convergence of the scheme to a common element of the two sets is proved. As an application, problem of finding a common element of the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping and the set of solutions of an equilibrium problem is solved. Moreover, solution is given to the problem of finding a common element of fixed points set of nonexpansive mappings and the set of solutions of a variational inequality problem.     

A note on “Approximation of fixed points for amenable semigroups of nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces” [Nonlinear Anal. 67 (2007) 1211-1225]

In this note, we deal with an iterative scheme of Halpern type for a semigroup of nonexpansive mappings on a compact convex subset of a strictly convex and smooth Banach space with respect to an asymptotically left invariant sequence of means defined on an appropriate space of bounded real valued functions of the semigroup. We improve the corresponding result of [A.T. Lau, H. Miyake, W. Takahashi, Approximation of fixed points for amenable semigroups of nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, Nonlinear Anal. 67 (2007) 1211-1225].     

Convergence to common fixed points of a finite family of nonexpansive mappings

We study approximation of common fixed points of a finite family of nonexpansive mappings and introduce an iterative scheme defined by using a convex combination of mappings. Strong convergence of the iteration is obtained under several types of control conditions.Received: 28 May 2004     

Asymptotic pointwise contractions

A simple and elementary (without using the ultrapower technique) proof for the existence of a fixed point of an asymptotic pointwise contraction is provided. The existence of fixed points for asymptotic pointwise nonexpansive mappings in a uniformly convex Banach space is also investigated.     

Geometrical coefficients and the structure of the fixed-point set of asymptotically regular mappings in Banach spaces

It is shown that if E is a separable and uniformly convex Banach space with Opial’s property and C is a nonempty bounded closed convex subset of E, then for some asymptotically regular self-mappings of C the set of fixed points is not only connected but even a retract of C. Our results qualitatively complement, in the case of a uniformly convex Banach space, a corresponding result presented in [T. Domínguez, M.A. Japón, G. López, Metric fixed point results concerning measures of noncompactness mappings, in: W.A. Kirk, B. Sims (Eds.), Handbook of Metric Fixed Point Theory, Kluwer Acad. Publishers, Dordrecht, 2001, pp. 239-268].     

Convergence of Ishikawa’s iteration method for pseudocontractive mappings

Let C be a nonempty, closed and convex subset of a real Hilbert space H. Let T_i:C→C,i=1,2,…,N, be a finite family of Lipschitz pseudocontractive mappings. It is our purpose, in this paper, to prove strong convergence of Ishikawa’s method to a common fixed point of a finite family of Lipschitz pseudocontractive mappings provided that the interior of the common fixed points is nonempty. No compactness assumption is imposed either on T or on C. Moreover, computation of the closed convex set C_n for each n≥1 is not required. The results obtained in this paper improve on most of the results that have been proved for this class of nonlinear mappings.