高强度合金钢30CrMnMoRE/30CrMnSi的动态力学性能

针对合金材料在高冲击作用下的力学响应,采用分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)系统确定武器弹药中常用的高强度合金30CrMnMoRE和30CrMnSi在不同应变率下的动态应力-应变关系,得到其动态应力-应变曲线及屈服强度,并结合Johnson-Cook模型对其动态本构进行拟合。结果表明,两种材料的应力-应变关系、强度等参数表现出明显的应变率相关性,随着应变率的提升,材料得到进一步强化,30CrMnMoRE的动态强度提高约79%,30CrMnSi的动态强度提高约50%。     

硅橡胶拉伸行为的应变率相关性测试和表征

为了研究硅橡胶在不同应变率下的冲击拉伸响应,对硅橡胶板材进行了应变率为0.001 s–1的准静态单向拉伸测试、应变率为15 s–1的中应变率单向拉伸测试以及应变率分别为350 s–1和1400 s–1的高应变率单向拉伸测试。实验结果表明,硅橡胶的单向拉伸力学行为呈现出明显的非线性弹性和应变率相关性特征。在实验结果的基础上,提出了一个可用于描述硅橡胶在不同应变率下拉伸力学响应的宏观唯象黏超弹性本构模型。该模型假设硅橡胶在拉伸加载下的力学响应是超弹性响应和黏弹性响应的组合,其一维流变学形式可以简述为一个超弹性的弹簧和一个松弛时间率相关的Maxwell体的并联。模型拟合结果与实验结果的对比显示,该模型能有效表征硅橡胶在大应变率范围内的非线性拉伸力学行为。     

应变率相关的橡胶本构模型研究

为研究橡胶在不同应变率下的响应特性,建立应变率相关的橡胶黏超弹性本构模型,分别采用超弹性本构模型和黏弹性本构模型表征其非线性弹性行为和应变率相关的弹性行为。首先,对于超弹性模型,基于最小二乘法,对比了Mooney-Rivlin模型、修正的Mooney-Rivlin模型、Yeoh模型、修正的Yeoh模型、Ogden模型和Arruda-Boyce模型等超弹性本构模型的拟合能力。结果表明,经修正的Mooney-Rivlin模型和Yeoh模型的拟合优度与Ogden模型和Arruda-Boyce模型接近。在此基础上,基于一种参数较少且拟合效果良好的修正Mooney-Rivlin模型和应变率相关的Maxwell模型,建立了橡胶黏超弹性本构模型,考察了该黏超弹性本构模型在单轴拉伸和单轴压缩情况下中高应变率时的拟合能力。结果表明,对于这两种受力情况下的应变率相关的实验数据,该黏超弹性本构模型的拟合优度均在0.95以上。研究结果为大应变率范围内单轴拉伸和单轴压缩下橡胶的本构模型选择提供了参考。     

高温处理后活性粉末混凝土动力学行为及本构模型研究

 利用分离式霍普金森压杆系统,采用铅片作为整形器,分别对常温下及400、600、800 ℃高温处理后的活性粉末混凝土（Reactive Powder Concrete,RPC）试样进行单轴冲击压缩实验,研究高温后RPC材料的动态力学性能,建立高温处理后材料的率型本构模型。结果表明：经不同高温处理后的RPC材料的动态抗压强度和韧性指标均有较明显的应变率敏感性,而峰值应变、初始弹性模量受应变率影响不大;不同应变率下,400 ℃以上高温处理后RPC材料的单轴动态压缩力学性能有所降低。扫描电镜分析表明,高温处理后RPC材料微观结构的劣化是宏观力学性能降低的根本原因。对ZWT粘弹性本构模型进行了修正,修正后的模型适用于混凝土材料经高温处理后的率型本构关系的分析。     

基于冰颗粒增强的冻土细观动态本构模型

为了直观地描述冻土在冲击加载下的动态力学性能和应力-应变关系,从细观出发,将冻土视为冰颗粒增强的复合材料,建立了基于冰颗粒增强的冻土细观动态本构模型。根据土相在冲击作用下层层破坏的特点,假定冲击层的动模量因冲击损伤而发生变化,在模型中引入了应变率项。利用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)对冻土进行冲击加载实验,通过改变温度和应变率,获得了冻土在不同实验条件下的动态冲击应力-应变曲线。实验结果表明,冻土具有明显的温度效应和应变率效应。模型计算结果与实验结果符合良好,验证了所建立的动态本构模型的合理性和适用性,具有很强的工程应用价值。     

冲击载荷下混凝土本构模型构建研究

 在对混凝土动态力学性能和现有本构模型综合分析的基础上，构建了一个新的适用于冲击响应问题数值分析的混凝土本构模型。该本构模型全面考虑了压力、应力第三不变量、变形的硬化和软化、应变率强化以及拉伸损伤等各个影响因素。将其加入LTZ-2D程序，确定了本构模型参数，对混凝土靶板的穿透问题进行了数值验证分析。计算得到的弹体剩余速度同实验结果基本一致，同时得到了混凝土靶板破裂的计算图像。计算结果及其分析表明，所构建的本构模型能够较好地反映冲击载荷作用下混凝土动态响应的主要特性。     

冲击载荷下钢筋混凝土力学行为的研究北大核心CSCD

基于钢筋混凝土梁受落锤冲击实验结果,提出了损伤型动态本构模型。该模型以混凝土黏弹性本构特性为基础,为了考虑钢筋的作用以及梁的损伤特性,将钢筋增强因子和损伤变量引入理论模型中,最终得出了以应变、应变率、损伤变量和配筋率为控制变量的钢筋混凝土本构模型。将该动态模型运用于非弹性弯曲梁理论分析中,通过数值求解得出了梁跨中挠度时程曲线,与实验结果相吻合。     

冲击载荷下钢筋混凝土力学行为的研究

基于钢筋混凝土梁受落锤冲击实验结果,提出了损伤型动态本构模型。该模型以混凝土黏弹性本构特性为基础,为了考虑钢筋的作用以及梁的损伤特性,将钢筋增强因子和损伤变量引入理论模型中,最终得出了以应变、应变率、损伤变量和配筋率为控制变量的钢筋混凝土本构模型。将该动态模型运用于非弹性弯曲梁理论分析中,通过数值求解得出了梁跨中挠度时程曲线,与实验结果相吻合。     

简论金属材料JC本构模型的精确性

通过比较JC模型预测结果与6种金属(2024-T351铝合金、 6061-T6铝合金、OFHC无氧铜、4340高强钢、Ti-6Al-4V钛合金和Q235软钢)在不同应变率及温度下的实验数据,对JC本构模型的精确性进行了关键评估。为了进一步评估其精确性,采用JC本构模型和失效准则对平头弹正撞2024-T351铝合金靶板进行数值模拟,并与实验结果比较。结果表明:JC本构模型只适用于中、低应变率和温度下的Mises材料,对非Mises材料该模型预测的剪切应力-应变曲线和失效与实验结果吻合较差;同时,JC本构模型的精度随应变率和温度的提高而降低,特别是在高应变率条件下利用实验得到的动态增强因子进行相应数值模拟时,所得计算结果与弹道穿透实验结果不一致,说明其表达式(即准静态应力-应变关系×动态增强因子)是不恰当的。     

材料参数拟合方法对弹靶侵彻仿真的影响

弹靶侵彻仿真中材料参数对计算结果有着至关重要的影响。为寻求一套适用于弹靶侵彻仿真计算的材料参数拟合方法,借助前期开展的靶板材料动态力学性能试验、靶板材料断裂试验,通过不同拟合方法依次得到不同的JC本构模型及失效模型参数,依据试验建立有限元计算模型,将数值计算结果与试验结果进行对比。结果表明:(1)对于同一材料的力学性能试验,采用不同的拟合方法可得到不同的JC本构、JC失效参数,二者会对弹靶仿真结果造成一定影响;(2)在不考虑温度软化项的前提下,采用高应变率作为参考应变率进行拟合能更加准确地表征材料在高应变率下的应力-应变关系,更加适用于弹靶侵彻强瞬态、高应变率作用过程仿真;(3)对于同一JC本构模型,采用平均应力三轴度拟合的JC失效模型较采用初始应力三轴度拟合的JC失效模型所得战斗部剩余速度计算结果偏小,仅采用拉伸试件结果拟合的JC失效模型较采用扭转、拉伸试件结果拟合的JC失效模型所得战斗部剩余速度计算结果偏小。     

高功率微波土壤击穿的数值验证研究

高功率微波在土壤中传播时, 会引起土壤击穿电离而导致土壤电阻率的非线性变化, 土壤电阻率的变化又将反作用于传播过程, 加剧高功率微波衰减, 影响其能量传输效率. 通过对土壤动态电离过程的分析, 结合Maxwell方程组构建了高功率微波土壤传播模型, 采用时域有限差分法对该模型进行数值验证. 数值结果显示了高功率微波在土壤中传播、衰减等物理图像, 以及土壤电阻率的非线性变化过程. 理论分析验证了这些数值结果.     

Analytical model for nanoscale viscoelastic properties characterization using dynamic nanoindentation

In the last few decades, nanoindentation has gained widespread acceptance as a technique for materials properties characterization at micron and submicron length scales. Accurate and precise characterization of material properties with a nanoindenter is critically dependent on the ability to correctly model the response of the test equipment in contact with the material. In dynamic nanoindention analysis, a simple Kelvin–Voigt model is commonly used to capture the viscoelastic response. However, this model oversimplifies the response of real viscoelastic materials such as polymers. A model is developed that captures the dynamic nanoindentation response of a viscoelastic material. Indenter tip-sample contact forces are modelled using a generalized Maxwell model. The results on a silicon elastomer were analysed using conventional two element Kelvin–Voigt model and contrasted to analysis done using the Maxwell model. The results show that conventional Kelvin–Voigt model overestimates the storage modulus of the silicone elastomer by ~30%. Maxwell model represents a significant improvement in capturing the viscoelastic material behaviour over the Voigt model.     

Influence of a viscoelastic foundation on the stability of Beck's column: An exact analysis

The stability of Beck's column supported by three different viscoelastic foundations, viz., the standard linear solid, the Maxwell and the Kelvin-Voigt, is investigated. Closed form stability criteria are obtained for the entire range of system parameters through an exact dynamic analysis for each foundation model. The results for the Kelvin-Voigt model show that for a given stiffness parameter of the foundation the critical load increases with an increase in damping and reaches a limiting value for large damping. Unlike the case of conservative loading, the Maxwell foundation is shown to have a positive influence on the stability of this non-conservative problem. Furthermore, for this model, an optimum combination of foundation parameters exists to yield the maximum flutter load. The standard linear solid foundation combines the characteristics of Maxwell and Kelvin-Voigt models, as expected.     

Multi-frequency tori in wide-aperture lasers

A distributed model of wide-aperture laser based on Maxwell?Bloch equations in onedimensional approximation is considered. It is shown that an increase in the pumping parameter in the system gives rise to a cascade of bifurcations of periodic and quasi-periodic dynamic modes, as a result of which attractors in the form of three-frequency tori can be observed.     

Field diffusion-like representation and experimental identification of a dynamic magnetization property

So as to fuse dynamic magnetization properties of soft materials with the electromagnetism theory, we investigate the inclusion of microscopic reversal processes related to domains and walls in macroscopic Maxwell equations. We first introduce a model for independent walls and the unidirectional motion mechanism; then we characterize one sample with measurements and analytical calculations in case of one-dimensional linear problems.     

A lattice Maxwell system with discrete space–time symmetry and local energy–momentum conservation

A lattice Maxwell system is developed with gauge-symmetry, symplectic structure and discrete space–time symmetry. Noether's theorem for Lie group symmetries is generalized to discrete group symmetries for the lattice Maxwell system. As a result, the lattice Maxwell system is shown to admit a discrete local energy–momentum conservation law corresponding to the discrete space–time symmetry. A lattice model that respects all local conservation laws and geometric structures is as good as and probably more preferable than standard models on continuous space–time. It can also be viewed as an effective algorithm for the governing differential equations on continuous space–time.     

Dynamic homogenization of split-ring metamaterials by Floquet–Bloch decomposition

We apply a novel dynamic homogenization technique to determine the frequency-dependent effective permeability of split-rings arrays. The Floquet?CBloch decomposition of Maxwell equations in this metamaterial is applied when the wavelength is much bigger than the material??s period. We replace the inclusion with a closed ring, and numerically simulate the model by nodal finite elements and a reasonable number of tetrahedral mesh elements. Our results show a good agreement with an analytical permeability law for 2D structures. This work also proposes an accurate method to model the magnetic field in the unit cell.     

Magneto-elasto-dynamic analysis of an elastically confined conducting nanowire due to an axial magnetic shock

Vibration of a conducting nanowire embedded in an elastic matrix due to an axial magnetic shock is of concern. Based on Maxwell?s and Cauchy?s equations, a model is proposed to study the problem in the context of nonlocal continuum theory. For solving the equations of motion of the nanowire, an analytical approach and a semi-analytical technique are proposed for low and high levels of small-scale parameter, respectively. The effects of small-scale parameter, stiffness of the surrounding matrix, and duration of the applied magnetic shock on the maximum dynamic elastic fields are examined.     

Asymptotic analysis of ultra-relativistic charge

This article offers a new approach for analysing the dynamic behaviour of distributions of charged particles in an electromagnetic field. After discussing the limitations inherent in the Lorentz-Dirac equation for a single point particle a simple model is proposed for a charged continuum interacting self-consistently with the Maxwell field in vacuo. The model is developed using intrinsic tensor field theory and exploits to the full the symmetry and light-cone structure of Minkowski spacetime. This permits the construction of a regular stress-energy tensor whose vanishing divergence determines a system of non-linear partial differential equations for the velocity and self-fields of accelerated charge. Within this covariant framework a particular perturbation scheme is motivated by an exact class of solutions to this system describing the evolution of a charged fluid under the combined effects of both self and external electromagnetic fields. The scheme yields an asymptotic approximation in terms of inhomogeneous linear equations for the self-consistent Maxwell field, charge current and time-like velocity field of the charged fluid and is defined as an ultra-relativistic configuration. To facilitate comparisons with existing accounts of beam dynamics an appendix translates the tensor formulation of the perturbation scheme into the language involving electric and magnetic fields observed in a laboratory (inertial) frame.     

半导体激光器光束远场特性研究

精确测量了半导体激光器远场分布并与新的远场理论模型作了细致的比较，结果表明新模型在很大的角度范围内与测量数据准确地符合。