碘分子离子对态的时间分辨谱

本文用激光脉冲多光子激发的技术获得了碘分子高激发态Ｆ＇（０＾＋ｕ）（Ｔｅ＝５１７０６．７ｃｍ＾－１）的布居，并对该态１０个荧光辐射（３１０ｎｍ带）的时间分辨谱进行了测量。采用二步三光子的非线性激发模型对荧光时间分辨谱的数据进行处理，得到了离子对态Ｆ＇（０＾＋ｕ）的３１０ｎｍ荧光带的辐射寿命。     

Thresholds for nonlinear recording of fluorescent centers in chromone-doped polymer films

Nonlinear recording of stable fluorescent microstructures in PMMA films doped with photosensitive compound 2-(furan-2-yl)-3-(thiophen-2-carbonyl)-chromen-4-one is investigated. Energy and power density thresholds for recording stable fluorescent marks and for film destruction and photobleaching of the fluorescent marks by laser pulses were measured in wide spectral (from 530 to 620 nm) and temporal (from 80 to 7 ns) ranges. The evidences of the sequential two-step excitation mechanism for the studied dye are presented. It was shown that picosecond pulse duration range is preferable for two-photon data recording. Quasi-Gaussian and donut shaped fluorescent marks with almost the same cross-section were recorded by femtosecond pulses with rather small difference in energies.     

Synthesis of highly fluorescent and thio-linkers stabilize gold quantum dots and nano clusters in DMF for bio-labeling

This study demonstrates a one versus two-step synthesis of fluorescent gold quantum dots (F-AuQDs) and nano clusters (F-AuNCs) functionalized with thiolated organic linkers using reduction of gold precursor in N,N′-dimethylformamide in 1 h of reaction. The F-AuQDs and F-AuNCs show fluorescence emission at 425 ± 5 nm upon excitation at 345 ± 5 nm of wavelength, with good water solubility and stability. Five different thiolated organic binary linkers consisting of various functional groups including: carboxylic acid, hydroxyl, and aromatic amine, were conjugated with the F-AuQDs and F-AuNCs. The formation mechanism and functionalization of the F-AuQDs and F-AuNCs was characterized using UV–vis absorption spectra, UV–vis light, fluorescent emission spectra, pH, TEM, and FTIR. The fluorescence emission of the F-AuQDs and F-AuNCs is greatly dependent on the thio-linker. This novel one-step approach provides facile and fast synthesis of F-AuQDs and F-AuNCs over the two-step method, with less than 5 h of reaction and workup compared to more than 28 h of reaction for the two-step approach. These thio-linker functionalized F-AuQDs and F-AuNCs have a wide application in fluorescent labeling of biomolecules, optical devices, imaging, energy transfer, and biosensing.     

Doppler-free resonant two-photon transition for isotope separation

The Doppler-free two-photon transition by the use of two opposing laser beams makes the highly selective excitation of isotopic molecules possible. Saturation and pressure dependence of Doppler-free two-photon excitation with arbitrary amplitudes of the optical fields have been calculated and compared with those of the two-step transition and the single-photon transition. The result at the Doppler limit for low pressure gas reveals that the probability of the selective two-photon excitation with a moderate laser power can be larger than that of the single-photon excitation as well as that of the two-step excitation.     

Antiblockade in Rydberg excitation of an ultracold lattice gas

It is shown that the two-step excitation scheme typically used to create an ultracold Rydberg gas can be described with an effective two-level rate equation, greatly reducing the complexity of the optical Bloch equations. This allows us to efficiently solve the many-body problem of interacting cold atoms with a Monte Carlo technique. Our results reproduce the observed excitation blockade effect. However, we demonstrate that an Autler-Townes double peak structure in the two-step excitation scheme, which occurs for moderate pulse lengths as used in the experiment, can give rise to an antiblockade effect. It is most pronounced for atoms arranged on a lattice. Since the effect is robust against a large number of lattice defects it should be experimentally realizable with an optical lattice created by CO2 lasers.     

Sn-state lifetime determination of dyes

The S _n -state lifetime is determined from two-step excited S _n -S₀fluorescence yield measurements with picosecond light pulses. The theoretical analysis includes single pulse and double pulse consecutive excitation and takes into account the anisotropy of excitation and emission. Experimental results of the single pulse two-step excitation technique are presented for the S₄-state lifetimes of the three mode-locking dyes 5, 9740 and 9860 for Nd-glass lasers.     

Photorefractive two-step recording in a piezoelectric La3Ga5SiO14 crystal doped with praseodymium

The first experimental verification to the authors' knowledge of efficient two-step recording in a photorefractive and piezoelectric crystal of La(3)Ga(5)SiO(14):Pr(3+) with cw laser light (I<20W/cm(2)) is reported. We found nonlinear behavior of the photorefractive sensitivity and photovoltaic current, indicating that the excitation process is connected to excitation of 4f(2) electrons of the Pr(3+) dopant through an intermediate level to the conduction band. This two-step nature of the photorefractive effect makes the crystal an exciting new candidate for applications in holographic storage.     

不同波长激发光诱导奶牛血液荧光光谱特性

实验样品取自正常奶牛静脉血液并用枸橼酸钠抗凝。实验结果表明:激发光波长不同,激发的荧光光谱线的强度和峰值不同;实验中用220～270nm波长的光激发荧光时,在317,367nm荧光主峰强度出现竞争现象;比较多种激发光激发的荧光光谱的实验结果知:用220,230,240,290,350,480,500nm波长的激发光激发下的荧光强度较强,而用其他波长的激发光激发下的荧光强度较弱,且在317,365,367,388,348,463,467,607,638nm波长附近出现比较强的峰值;合适波长的激发光对奶牛血液会有比较强的生物学效应。     

Third-order nonlinear optical response of silicon nanostructures dispersed in organic solvent under 1064 nm and 532 nm laser excitations

Silicon nanostructures are dispersed into an organic solvent and the third order optical properties of the system are studied by z-scan technique under 1064 nm and 532 nm excitations. The experiment results show that the silicon nanostructures exhibit self-focus and saturable absorption with both excitation wavelengths. Nonlinear absorption results suggest that a new optical bleaching band exists under 532 nm excitation, and a two-step mechanism is tentatively put forward to explain the saturable absorption under 1064 nm excitation.     

Na原子高里德堡态的辐射寿命

用可调谐激光两步激发Ｎａ原子高激发发里德堡态布居，在光激发后施加脉冲电场测量激发态的场电离阈，利用阈值电场和延迟场电离方法测定了ｎｓ（ｎ＝２０～２４）和ｎｄ（ｎ＝１９～２３）态的寿命值，并与计算值进行了比较，对影响寿命的因素作了讨论。     

基于P31荧光粉的像增强器余辉测量方法研究

荧光屏余辉在高帧频速光子计数等系统应用中起着决定性作用。GJB 7351-2011《超二代像增强器通用规范》荧光屏余辉试验方法中规定光脉冲作为激励源,该方法中光脉冲激励源停止后光源照度下降缓慢,造成在短余辉粉（μs级）和中余辉粉（ms级）的余辉时间测量中测试结果不准。针对该问题,提出了一种在光照持续工作状态下,用光电阴极电压脉冲信号作为激励源的荧光屏余辉测试方法,该方法中光电阴极超快响应时间（一般为1 ns左右）和脉冲电压信号的较短边沿时间（一般可控制在10 ns以内）特性改善了激励源自身时间响应对荧光屏余辉测试结果准确性带来的影响。基于该方法建立了一套微光像增强器荧光屏余晖测量装置,对P31荧光粉的国产三代微光像增强器余辉进行了重复性测量,对测量不确定度进行了误差分析,其扩展不确定度为3.2%,达到了传统光电测试仪器的准确度要求,可满足微光像增强管荧光屏余辉测量的要求。该研究成果为更高性能产品提供了一种检测手段。     

Multistep excitation in coherent nuclear production processes

We suggest an interesting method of observing the existence of two-step excitation in nuclear production processes by analysing coherent low energy experiments with D and He targets.     

Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence Energy Transfer: A Study Based on Oligonucleotide Rulers

The use of two-photon excitation of fluorescence for detection of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was studied for a selected fluorescent donor–acceptor pair. A method based on labeled DNA was developed for controlling the distance between the donor and the acceptor molecules. The method consists of hybridization of fluorescent oligonucleotides to a complementary single-stranded target DNA. As the efficiency of FRET is strongly distance dependent, energy transfer does not occur unless the fluorescent oligonucleotides and the target DNA are hybridized. A high degree of DNA hybridization and an excellent FRET efficiency were verified with one-photon excited fluorescence studies. Excitation spectra of fluorophores are usually wider in case of two-photon excitation than in the case of one-photon excitation [1]. This makes the selective excitation of donor difficult and might cause errors in detection of FRET with two-photon excited fluorescence. Different techniques to analyze the FRET efficiency from two-photon excited fluorescence data are discussed. The quenching of the donor fluorescence intensity turned to be the most consistent way to detect the FRET efficiency. The two-photon excited FRET is shown to give a good response to the distance between the donor and the acceptor molecules.     

High-speed spectrally resolved multifocal multiphoton microscopy

We present a spectrally resolved multifocal multiphoton microscopy that is capable of performing fast 2-dimensional (2-D) spectral measurements of fluorescent samples with optical sectioning. One galvanometer mirror is used to scan the array of excitation foci across the sample along one direction (x) for two-photon excitation. Fluorescence emission from the excited lines on the sample is spectrally fanned out with a prism along the y direction, and a CCD array is used to acquire the spectrally resolved image. Another galvanometer mirror scans the excitation foci lines along the y direction step by step to obtain 3-dimensional (3-D) spectral data cube of the sample. A proof-of-principle experiment is performed with fluorescent microspheres of different colors. Spectrally resolved images of 512×512 pixels can be obtained by acquiring only 128 raw images when a 4×4 excitation foci array is used.     

Excitation of photoluminescence in Er-doped oxide and fluoride crystals

It has been established that laser excitation of infrared radiation (2.9 μm) in oxide and fluoride crystals doped by Er³⁺ ions gives rise to excitation of concomitant luminescence in the visible region according to the two-step nonlinear mechanism.     

氮掺杂高量子产率荧光碳点的制备及其体外生物成像研究

为获得高量子产率的碳点,以柠檬酸为碳源,苯二胺的3种同分异构体为氮源,采用两步溶剂热法制备了氮掺杂荧光碳点。利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、荧光光谱、红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对样品进行表征,并考察了碳点的细胞毒性和体外生物成像。实验结果表明:3种高量子产率碳点(Y=52%,60.4%,53.2%)的粒径均一,具有较好的分散性,平均尺寸分别为4.5,5.3,5.2 nm。碳点表面含有羟基、羧基、胺基等基团,在紫外光激发下均能发出明亮的蓝色荧光,并具有稳定的荧光性能。细胞实验表明:3种碳点具有较好的生物相容性,能够快速进入细胞并成功应用于细胞的荧光成像。     

On the mechanism of electronic excitation energy migration in organic liquids

The rate constant for electronic excitation energy transfer from toluene toa fluorescent indole measured as a function of temperature indicates unequivocally that the excitation energy migration is entirely due to resonance interaction and not due to excimer formation-dissociation.     

高焓流场氧原子激光诱导荧光技术初步研究

基于双光子吸收激光诱导荧光(TALIF)技术,在纯净的高焓流场环境中,将脉冲激光从垂直于流场方向射入流场,并通过布置在风洞试验段外与流场和激光形成的平面向垂直方向上的ICCD测量获取到了二维氧原子的荧光信号,该信号可以反映氧原子相对浓度。为保证实验中使用到的激发激光波长为最佳激发波长,分别对氧原子基态处在不同角量子数的情况进行了测试,最终确定J=2时,波长为225.584 nm为最终实验激发波长,为了保证所获取的氧原子荧光信号在非饱和线性区,在同种状态下,将激发激光能量从小到大调整并进行荧光信号的测试,获取了激光能量在3.4 mJ以下的线性区域。为确保获取清晰对比度最优的ICCD荧光图像,选择了Nikon f=105 mm F/2.8镜头为实验测试镜头, 同时将50次曝光的累计结果作为图像输出。对所获取的荧光图像进行分析,实验结果可以清晰地看到超声速流场中压缩波形成的距中心线约±50 mm位置处左右各一个的小峰,亚声速流场中中心处氧原子浓度有一个约60 mm宽的均匀区域,区域以外氧原子浓度急剧下降,这些结果符合实验风洞特性,此测试方法可以很好地运用到流场测量中。     

铥原子中等能量能级自然辐射寿命的时间分辨荧光测量

报道铥(Tm)原子10个中等能量激发能级自然辐射寿命的实验测量值.采用两台脉冲染料激光器将铥原子从基态激发到待测能级,再从铥原子激发态所释放的荧光随时间衰变的规律推算出自然辐射寿命值.测量精确度为10％.