超长距离分布式光纤振动传感器的并发事件信号重构方法

针对超长距离分布式振动检测传感器在复杂地表振动环境下性能指标下降的问题,提出了借鉴雷达信号处理技术领域脉冲分选技术的振动信号特征分析提取、分选和融合方案,实现了对并发振动随机混合信号的同源振动的信号分选和事件的恢复重构。对两起和四起并发事件进行了现场测试,传感器检测和报警结果准确。为超长距离分布式光纤振动传感器在复杂地表振动环境下的应用提供了可能。     

基于远距离激光测振仪的痕量危险品探测

光声/光热光谱技术已经广泛应用于痕量危险化学品和爆炸物的探测,并显示出高效的探测能力。然而,该技术通常需要在光声池中进行分析,并使用高灵敏度麦克风或压电传感器记录振动信号,因此不适用于在安全距离外的开放环境中探测泄漏的危险物质或爆炸物。为此,利用强度调制的量子级联激光器（QCL）激发微量固体（聚四氟乙烯）和气体（丙酮）的光声效应,借助自主研发的远距离激光多普勒测振仪（LDV）对QCL产生的光振动信号进行检测。通过扫描QCL的波长,测量振动信号的幅值并获取光声光谱,其结果与傅里叶变换红外光谱的结果高度一致。实验结果表明,自制的远距离LDV可以在距离达200 m的开放环境下有效地检测痕量固态和气态化学品的光声信号。     

基于3D打印技术的全绝缘多简支梁光纤Bragg光栅振动传感器研究

设计一种融入3D打印技术,实现在高电压、强电磁场环境下检测振动信号的全绝缘多简支梁光纤Bragg光栅振动传感器。通过3D打印机制作而成,由粘贴于简支梁的光纤Bragg光栅受质量块驱动而产生应变,通过解调光栅波长变化量实现对振动信号的检测;有限元分析振动传感器谐振频率为232.47Hz,应变灵敏度为5.826με·g~(-1)时,加速度灵敏度为6.991pm·g~(-1),表明了传感器理论上的测量带宽及传感器对检测信号的反应程度良好。实验结果表明:传感器谐振频率为240Hz,加速度灵敏度为6.270pm·g~(-1),线性度为3.3%,表明了传感器实际的测量带宽及传感器对检测信号的反应程度;材料选用全绝缘的尼龙材料,具有良好的绝缘性。     

水声信号数据融合系统的性能研究

给出了一种多传感器水声信号数据融合的数学模型和融合算法,并将该方法用于分布式水声信号检测系统中多部声呐的信息综合。计算机仿真结果表明,该分布式数据融合系统的检测概率和作用距离均有较大的提高。     

基于改进的自适应回归时序模型故障诊断

汽车变速箱的故障诊断工作比较复杂,由于传统的诊断方法已不能满足复杂的故障现象, 文中提出了一种基于改进的自适应回归时序模型故障诊断方法;方法采用了基于时间序列故障诊断技术,首先测取工作环境下的振动信号,然后建立被诊断对象的时间序列数学模型,最后用信息距离判别法诊断出故障类型,提高了诊断效率;最后在变速箱进行了实验研究;选用型号为621B40型ICP加速度传感器测取变速箱的振动信号,通过设置模型参数(n,m)来模拟故障检测,实验分析表明,提出的算法可以有效地识别变速箱系统中不同严重程度的故障,且与传统的故障诊断算法相比,提出的算法对提高识别率和降低计算复杂度都有着明显的优势。     

基于侧向耦合结构的准分布式光纤液漏传感器

针对现有的准分布式光纤传感测量技术复杂、精度不高且响应时间较慢等问题,设计出一种实时性高且成本更低的准分布式光纤传感器。传感器主要由柔性LED灯带和带有侧向耦合结构的聚合物光纤组成。侧向耦合结构被LED逐一照亮,形成一系列传感单元。光通过侧向耦合结构入射聚合物光纤中,当LED和耦合结构之间的介质改变时,耦合光强增加,光纤两端输出光强随之增加,则可将液漏事件转化为耦合介质改变来测量。结果表明,准分布式光纤液漏传感器具有检测和定位漏水信号的能力且定位精度小于等于10cm,实现了液漏检测和漏点定位的功能。     

采用DDS的近场扫描光学显微镜探针-样品的纳米距离检测

近场扫描光学显微术中, 近场距离的检测和控制是需要解决的核心技术之一. 本文研究了基于DDS驱动的压电传感器, 在一个压电陶瓷片上, 电极被分成相同的两部分, 分别用于振动驱动和振幅检测. 近场扫描的光纤探针固定于此压电陶瓷片上. 振动驱动信号采用DDS, 在样品的远场时, 可以通过频率扫描得到误差在0.006 Hz以内的压电陶瓷片谐振频率驱动信号, 而当光纤探针处于样品的近场距离之内时, 压电陶瓷片的谐振频率偏离驱动信号频率, 振幅明显减小, 从而检测出近场距离. 高精度振动驱动源DDS和高灵敏度压电传感器的采用提高了检测灵敏度和工作稳定性.     

绝对重力测量中振动传感器振动补偿性能的分析

绝对重力测量的精度主要受振动噪声的限制.振动补偿是一种简单可行的振动噪声处理方法,它通过传感器探测振动噪声来对测量结果进行修正.现阶段对于不同传感器的振动补偿性能缺乏系统的分析与评估,仅停留在应用阶段.本文从理论出发分析了传感器性能对补偿效果的影响,并通过实验评估了不同振动环境下不同传感器的振动补偿性能.实验结果显示,采用低噪声地震计的振动补偿效果主要受带宽和量程的限制,在安静环境下可实现优于百微伽的单次测量标准差,但补偿效果随振动噪声高频成分的增强而降低,在动态环境下地震计则受量程限制而无法工作.采用加速度计的振动补偿效果主要受分辨率的限制,在复杂和动态环境下均可实现毫伽量级的单次测量标准差.本文为振动补偿技术应用于绝对重力测量提供了振动传感器选型的理论和实践依据,有望为振动补偿技术的进一步发展提供技术支撑.     

基于广义互相关技术的马赫泽德振动检测系统

针对马赫泽德干涉系统振动事件定位性能有待改进的问题,构建了双路马赫泽德振动检测系统,分析了时延估计振动定位原理,提出了用于双路探测信号时延估计的广义互相关算法,增加了信号频域分析的灵活性和可行性,通过数字滤波减小了系统的定位误差。实验结果表明,系统可以准确检测与定位施加在传感光纤上的方波信号、冲击信号及敲击信号,并在传感距离为940m长的光纤上实现了小于20m的定位误差和可重复的稳定检测。从而为光纤振动传感技术在矿业与工业等领域的推广应用提供了一种新的解决思路。     

基于环结构的新型分布式光纤振动传感系统

提出并验证了一种新颖的基于环形马赫-泽德干涉仪结构的全分布式光纤振动传感系统.采用直流光实时动态定位技术，通过在干涉仪光路中引入环结构，将直线型干涉仪转化为环型回路，使得一个马赫-泽德干涉仪中相向传输两路光波，相当于构成双马赫-泽德干涉仪.当振动信号作用于传感光纤时，相向传输的两路直流光同时产生相同的相位信号并沿不同的路径传输至光接收单元，采用数字信号处理技术分析接收信号即可实时获得振动的空间位置和频率、幅度等特性参数.实验中成功实现了监测距离为1.01km的分布式振动传感，单点振动的空间分辨率小于40m.另外，从理论上分析并模拟了系统对多点同时振动进行检测和定位的可行性.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.