怀菊花总黄酮的提取工艺及其抗氧化活性

以新鲜怀菊花为原料,用芦丁为对照品,硝酸铝作为显色剂,正交设计优化怀菊花中总黄酮提取条件,采用超声波和水浴提取法等2种工艺提取怀菊花中总黄酮,研究单因素对总黄酮提取率的影响,确定提取总黄酮的最佳条件,同时用碘量法研究对猪油的抗氧化性作用.水浴提取怀菊花总黄酮以A1B1C3组合为最佳提取条件,提取率为109.74mg/g.超声波提取怀菊花总黄酮以A2B2C2组合为最佳提取条件,提取率为114.47mg/g.实验结果表明,超声波法提取效果优于水浴提取法,怀菊花黄酮对猪油有一定的抗氧化能力.     

分光光度法测定苦瓜果实中盐酸小檗碱的含量

采用超声波法提取苦瓜果实中盐酸小檗碱,并用分光光度法测定盐酸小檗碱的含量,检测波长为426.0nm,回归方程为:y=0.00393+1.28929x(mg/10mL),r=0.9999,盐酸小檗碱浓度在0.099—0.796mg/10mL范围内与吸光度呈线性关系。苦瓜果实中盐酸小檗碱含量为0.26667mg/g,方法回收率为94.0%—101.0%。     

分光光度法测定黄瓜籽粉中盐酸小檗碱的含量

采用超声波法在2种条件下即(1)先超声处理,后放置过夜;(2)先放置过夜,后超声处理,对黄瓜籽粉中盐酸小檗碱进行提取,利用分光光度法测定盐酸小檗碱的含量,检测波长为426nm。回归方程y=0.00393+1.28929x(mg/10mL),r=0.9999;盐酸小檗碱浓度在0.099—0.796mg/10mL范围内与吸光度呈线性关系。2种方法的平均含量分别为2.4043、1.4797mg/g。平均回收率分别为94.96%、107.32%。实验结果表明,方法(1)较方法(2)提取率高。分光光度法用于黄瓜籽粉中盐酸小檗碱的含量测定,简便,可靠,快捷。     

RRLC测定关黄柏中盐酸小檗碱的含量

采用超声波法提取关黄柏中有效成分盐酸小檗碱,应用正交试验法筛选盐酸小檗碱最佳提取工艺。采用高分离度快速液相色谱(RRLC)测定关黄柏中有效成分盐酸小檗碱的含量。色谱条件为:色谱柱:XDB-C18(4.6mm×50mm,1.8μm);流动相:乙腈-0.3%磷酸缓冲溶液(29∶71);检测波长:266nm;流速:0.7mL/min;柱温:25℃;进样量:2μL。盐酸小檗碱在0.075—0.3μg范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9998,其平均回收率为99.2%,RSD为1.48%。本法操作快速简便、准确可靠,适用于关黄柏中盐酸小檗碱的含量测定。     

超声提取分光光度法测定柑橘皮中橙皮甙含量

在超声波作用下,用饱和石灰水浸提、酸析,从柑橘皮中提取橙皮甙.以精制橙皮甙提取率为评价指标,利用正交实验L9(33)筛选最佳工艺条件.结果表明最佳提取条件为A2B2C2,即:超声温度25 C,超声时间30min,饱和氢氧化钙水溶液与柑橘皮质量比为4:1.在优选的工艺条件下进行提取,利用紫外可见分光光度法对橙皮甙的含量进行测定,浓度在0.004672-0.01168mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,其回归方程C=0.54487 23.15036×A(mg/mL),r=0.98315,回收率为96.9%-98.5%.该工艺快速,简便,结果稳定.     

茶叶中咖啡因提取条件优化及方法对比

对索氏、超声波及微波提取咖啡因的条件进行优化与对比.利用正交试验优化提取条件,对结果进行比较,索氏法提取率最高.最佳条件为:95％乙醇、提取60min、低温升华80min,平均提取率为79.8mg/5g.该方法简单,易于操作,具有一定的实际意义.     

响应面法优化黑番茄总黄酮的提取工艺

利用响应面法优化黑番茄总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件.在单因素试验的基础上,选取乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取温度及料液比为影响因子,应用Box-Behnken中心组合设计建立数学模型,以总黄酮提取量为响应值,进行响应面分析(RSA).结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇浓度为73％,提取温度80℃,提取时间1.5h,料液比1∶58g/mL,总黄酮提取率预测值为21.035mg/g,验证值为20.880mg/g,RSD=0.329％ (n=5).     

超声辅助法提取刘寄奴黄酮类化合物的工艺

采用超声辅助法提取刘寄奴中的黄酮类化合物,通过单因素试验和正交试验,研究了超声辅助法提取条件(超声波功率、乙醇体积分数、提取温度、提取时间)对刘寄奴黄酮类化合物提取率的影响。结果表明,刘寄奴黄酮类化合物的最佳提取工艺条件为:超声波功率200W、乙醇体积分数80%、提取温度40℃、提取时间45min,在此工艺条件下刘寄奴黄酮类化合物的提取率可达63.27mg/g。     

荧光扫描法同时测定蒙成药沙日嘎-4汤中盐酸小檗碱和盐酸巴马汀的含量

荧光薄层扫描法测定沙日嘎-4汤中盐酸小檗碱和盐酸巴马汀的的含量.沙日嘎-4汤中盐酸小檗碱的含量为0.16mg/0.2g;盐酸巴马汀的含量0.12mg/0.2g;RSD为0.36%、0.45%;平均回收率为98%、103%.该方法操作简单,分离效果好,灵敏度高,可作为沙日嘎-4汤的质量控制标准.     

太行山黄芪中黄芪多糖的提取工艺

采用碱性水提醇沉法进行黄芪多糖的提取,用蒽酮-浓硫酸比色法测定多糖的含量.通过改变黄芪的粒度,水浴比,水浴温度,提取次数,乙醇浓度及pH值等条件的研究,筛选出最佳提取工艺条件:于1:12的水浴比在70C水浴提取3次,乙醇浓度为90%,pH=10的条件下黄芪多糖的提取率最高,为19.2%.     

The effect of ultrasound on lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of soy oil in solvent-free system

Comparative studies of lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of soy oil in solvent-free system were carried out in shaking bath and in ultrasonic bath. A suitable ultrasonic power of 1.64 W cm(-2) was determined to guarantee satisfactory hydrolysis extent and lipase activity. The influence of temperature, pH, enzyme concentration and water/oil ratio was investigated subsequently. Compared with that in shaking bath, optimum temperature and inactivation temperature of lipase in ultrasonic bath were about 5-10 degrees C higher, while pH effect in ultrasonic bath was similar; ultrasound also led to a smooth increase of reaction rate at relatively higher enzyme loading and less use of water to saturate hydrolysis substrate. In optimum conditions, the overall hydrolysis reaction rate in the ultrasonic bath process was above 2-fold than that in the shaking bath process.     

中空纤维膜液相微萃取-GC-MS测定水果和蔬菜中三唑类杀菌剂残留量

研究了一种直接快速测定水果和蔬菜等固体样品中5种三唑类杀菌剂残留量的新方法,以气相色谱-质谱联用技术为基础,利用中空纤维膜液相微萃取提取固体样品中目标物。通过实验确定最佳萃取条件为：萃取剂为环己烷,固体样品与水的比例为1：3（总质量为10g）,超声震荡5min后以500r/min的搅拌速率在40℃下萃取20min。萃取后取1μL有机溶剂直接进样进行气相色谱质谱分离检测。在此条件下,水果和蔬菜中的三唑酮和多效唑的线性范围为0.5—25mg/kg,腈菌唑、烯唑醇和丙环唑的线性范围为1—25mg/kg;5种目标物的检出限均低于0.210mg/kg;相对标准偏差在4.7%—8.1%之间。该方法可以用于水果和蔬菜等固体样品中三唑类杀菌剂的快速测定。     

形态硒的研究过程中硒代胱氨酸的稳定性

运用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体-质谱法（HPLC-ICP-MS）研究了硒代胱氨酸（SeCys2）在目前广泛应用的水浴振荡提取和方便快速的超声提取过程中的稳定性。在水溶性SeCys2的提取过程中,不管是37℃水浴振荡过程还是超声提取过程对SeCys2的稳定性影响都不大。在酶溶性SeCys2的提取过程中,由于SeCys2分子很容易在Se—Se间断裂,而在水浴振荡或超声作用下酶容易发生多肽链断裂或空间构型变化,游离出来的硒代半胱氨酸（SeCys）和酶分子中断裂出来的小分子结合形成新的存在形式,从而导致了SeCys2在C18柱的洗脱时间发生迁移。     

Influence of ultrasonic amplitude,temperature, time and solvent concentration on bioactive compounds extraction from propolis

An ultrasound assisted method was investigated to extract bioactive compounds from propolis. This method was based on a simple ultrasound treatment using ethanol as an extraction medium to facilitate the disruption of the propolis cells. Four different variables were chosen for determining the influence on the extraction efficiency: ultrasonic amplitude, ethanol concentration, temperature and time; the variables were selected by Box-Behnken design experiments. These parameters were optimised in order to obtain the highest yield, and the results exhibited the optimum conditions for achieving the goal as 100% amplitude of ultrasonic treatment, 70% solvent concentration, 58 °C and 30 min. The extraction yield under modified optimum extraction conditions was, as follows: 459.92 mg GAE/g of TPC, 220.62 mg QE/g of TFC and 1.95% of balsam content. The results showed that the ultrasound assisted extraction was suitable for bioactive compounds extraction from propolis. The most abundant phenolic compound was kaempferol (228.8 mg/g propolis) followed by myricetin (115.5 mg/g propolis), luteolin (27.2 mg/g propolis) and quercetin (25.2 mg/g propolis).     

Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of astaxanthin from green tiger (Penaeus semisulcatus) shrimp shell

This study was aimed at optimizing the astaxanthin extraction efficiency from shrimp shell (green tiger, Penaeus semisulcatus). Astaxanthin was extracted using selected nonpolar/polar solvents (petroleum ether, n-hexane, ethanol, acetone) individually and in ternary mixtures of petroleum ether, acetone, and water in ratios of 15:50:35, 50:45:5, and 15:75:10 for different times (2,4 and 6 h). The results showed that solvents with higher polarity were more suitable for the extraction of astaxanthin, and increasing the extraction time from 2 to 6 h improved the extraction yield. The conditions of extraction of astaxanthin with the desirable solvent were then optimized with the ultrasonic method using the Box-Behnken design [variables included: extraction temperature (25 to 45 °C), extraction time (5 to 15 min), and ultrasound amplitude (20 to 100%)]. Optimal extraction conditions were determined as the ultrasonic amplitude of 23.6%, extraction time of 13.9 min, and extraction temperature of 26.3 °C. Under this optimum condition, the amount of astaxanthin, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and free radical scavenging capacity of the extract were obtained as 51.5%, 1705 μmol of Fe²⁺/g, and 73.9%, respectively. Extraction and analysis of the extract at the optimum point were used to validate the results.     

超声辅助法提取白筋茎皮总黄酮的工艺研究

采用超声辅助法提取白霸茎皮中总黄酮化合物,通过单因素试验和正交试验,研究了超声提取条件（超声功率,乙醇浓度,料液比,时间）对其中总黄酮提取的影响。白筋茎皮总黄酮最佳提取工艺为：料液比1：30．乙醇浓度70％,超声功率120W,提取时间25min。在此工艺条件下提取,总黄酮含量为53．0843mg／g。     

超声波法提取苦丁茶总黄酮含量的工艺

采用超声波提取法,通过单因素实验和正交试验优选出苦丁茶中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺.苦丁茶总黄酮最佳提取工艺为:料液比(g/mL)1:30,乙醇浓度70%,超声功率80W,提取时间20min.在此条件下,苦丁茶中的总黄酮含量为21.151mg/g,RSD=0.85%(n=3).