深圳市龙岗区儿童头发和全血中锌、铅含量的测定和比较分析

用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱仪测定了龙岗区布吉镇223例3～4岁健康儿童全血和头发的锌、铅含量，给出了各元素在全血和头发中的平均含量值和变动范围。结果表明，头发中的微量元素含量一般较全血中为高，且变动较小。对儿童全血微量元素含量随年龄、体重、性别变化及全血和头发中锌、铅含量的相关关系进行了统计学检验。通过对测定值的比较分析，认为无论是头发或是全血，男性或女性，铅和锌均呈负相关，且大多有显著性；男性和女性的发铅和血铅均呈显著正相关，而女性发锌与血锌也呈显著正相关。     

汽车发动机润滑油使用前后微量元素变化的研究

为了研究汽车发动机润滑油使用前后微量元素变化的情况,采用超谱M型油料分析光谱仪对汽车发动机润滑油在使用前、后油品中的微量元素含量进行了测定,对其测定结果进行了数据处理.分析表明:Ca、Z、Mg、Si、Al、Na、Fe、Cu是润滑油中主要微量元素;使用后润滑油中增加了元素K、Pb、Cr、Ni;Zn元素含量增加最大,增加值为94.9 mg/kg;含量增长率最大是Cu元素,值为500%;含量增长率最小是Ca元素,值为10%.在所测元素中,除元素V外,使用前后汽车发动机润滑油中的微量元素值都不同程度的增加.     

西安市猕猴桃含硒量测定

为了解西安市产的猕猴含硒量水平，采用荧光法测定了秦美猴猴桃，阿特猴猴桃和长安一号猴猴桃含量硒量。结果表明，三种猕猴桃每１００ｇ含硒量分别为０．４０、０．３３和０．４３μｇ。这些结果接近文献报道的多数桔、梨和苹果含硒量，而低于大烽小麦含硒量。     

护理观察赣州小儿呼吸道感染后免疫功能与血微量元素变化的关系

目的探讨赣州地区小儿呼吸道感染后免疫功能与血微量元素的关系。方法采用原子吸收法对1 000例(观察组)呼吸道感染患儿进行血液微量元素测定,同时选择100例健康小儿作对照组。并对观察组100例和对照组50例进行免疫球蛋白含量测定。结果呼吸道感染小儿的血液微量元素Zn、Fe、Ca含量及免疫球蛋白Ig A、Ig G含量明显低于正常小儿。结论呼吸道感染患儿存在Zn、Fe、Ca元素缺乏及免疫功能异常。Zn、Fe、Ca等元素的缺乏可影响机体正常免疫功能的建立,容易发生呼吸道感染。对呼吸道感染患儿辅助给予微量元素治疗可以增强免疫功能,促进疾病痊愈。     

温郁金根茎叶微量元素含量的测定

为分析比较温郁金不同部位微量元素的含量，用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测定了温郁金根、茎、叶中Ca、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Ni、Zn等八种微量元素的含量，并对不同部位微量元素的含量进行了比较。结果表明，在其根茎叶中Ca、K、Mg、Mn含量较高，Zn、Ni、Mn含量有较大差异，Ca、K、Mg、Fe含量接近。从微量元素的角度来看，温郁金茎叶具有一定的应用价值。     

痤疮患者血清中微量元素含量的变化

测定了52例痤疮患者血清Ca,Mg,Zn,Cu,Fe五种元素的含量。结果表明，痤疮患者血清Zn水平显著低于正常人（P＜0．001），血清Ca,Mg,Cu,Fe水平则与正常人无差别（P＞0．05）。部分病人口服补充锌剂后痤疮症状有所好转。提示痤疮患者应重视体内微量元素含量的变化，并做适当的补充。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定黑豆和红小豆中15种元素

采用ICP—AES法同时测定黑豆和红小豆中Na,Sn,Ca,Zn,Cu,Mg,Al,Fe,P,K,Si,Se,Ba,Mn,M015种元素含量,并对各元素进行了加标回收实验,黑豆和红小豆中各元素的平均回收率在93．11％～102．15％,相对标准偏（RSD）在0．83％0～2．8％,检出限介于0．11～14．09Fg／L。建立了简便、快速、准确和稳定的测定黑豆和红小豆中元素的测定方法。结果显示在黑豆和红小豆中K,Ca,P,Mg,Mn,Fe,Zn等常量元素和微量元素含量较高。红小豆中Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn等营养元素的含量较黑豆中的高。     

火焰原子吸收光度法测定维药芜菁的微量元素

为探讨微量元素与芜菁的药效关系,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了维药芜菁中的K,Na,Ca,Fe,Cu,Co,Zn,Mn,Mg等9种元素含量。结果表明,芜菁含有丰富的人体必需微量元素,其中K,Na,Ca,Zn的含量更显著;方法的回收率在93．7％～102．5％之间,RSD值在0．39％-1．3％之间,能用于维药芜菁中多种微量元素的同时测定。为芜菁的进一步研究和综合开发利用提供了新的科学依据。     

高频感耦等离子体发射光谱法测定毛发、粮食中多种元素

毛发及粮食中某些大量与微量元素的含量与环境及人和动物体健康之间的关系越来越受到人们的关注。本文提出用ICP-AES同时測定毛发、粮食中多种元素的方法。考察了盐酸及高氯酸不同酸度对测定的影响,对基体元素的谱线干扰进行了校正及背景扣除。酸法溶样,快速简便。经标样测定,结果满意。     

学龄学儿童血中六种元素含量与智商关系的研究

为了解学龄前儿童智商与血中微量元素含量之间的关系本文测定了佛山市幼儿园576名4-6岁儿童的IQ值及其血中六种元素（Zn、Fe、Cu、Ca、Mn、Pb）的含量，并对幼儿血中微量元素含量与IQ值的关系进行了探讨。结果表明，低智商儿童血中锌含量显著低于高智商儿童血中锌含量，而血铅则显著高于高智商儿童的血铅。说明学龄前儿童智商高低与机体锌及铅的含量有密切关系。     

下呼吸道感染与微量元素的变化

对３４例下呼吸道感染患儿及３０例健康儿童进行了血，发微量元素锌，铁，铜和常量元素钙的测定。疾病组发锌低于对照组，差异非常显著。疾病组血铁低于对照组，男组差异非常显著，女组差异显著。而血和发的钙，铜，含量及发铁两组间均无显著差异。故对反复发作的喘息性支气管炎和哮喘患儿适当补充锌制剂是需要的。     

心脑血管病患者头发微量元素铜、锌含量调查

调查了心脑血管病患者头发微量元素铜、锌含量，发现患者发现Cu、Zn含量普通遇低于正常值。     

Investigation of elemental models in senile dementia and depressives using neutron activation analysis

Instrumental neutron activation analysis has been used to determine the concentration of a range of elements in hair and blood samples, separated into erythrocytes and plasma, obtained from two groups of women, senile demented (9) and depressives (16), and their respective controls (17 and 9). The results suggest that the senile dementia group has significantly higher Al concentrations in erythrocytes and hair relative to the controls but no significant correlation between the aluminium content of hair and that of blood exists. Further, Zn concentrations determined in the erythrocytes and plasma of these subjects were lower compared to the control values. Vanadium levels above our detection limit for the element were found in seven cases out of a total of sixteen in the depressive group. Vanadium was also found to be at higher concentration in the hair of the depressive group compared to the controls. Again no significant correlation was found to exist between the concentration of vanadium in hair and in erythrocyte sample for these seven subjects.     

XRF and TXRF techniques for multi-element determination of trace elements in whole blood and human hair samples

XRF and TXRF were established as useful techniques for multi-element analysis of whole blood and human head hair samples. Direct-XRF with different collimation units and different X-ray excitation modes was successfully used for the determination of S, P, K, Ca, Fe, and Br elements in blood samples and K, Ca, Mn, Fe elements in human hair samples. Direct analysis by TXRF was used for the determination of Rb and Sr in digested blood and human hair samples, respectively, while, the co-precipitation method using APDC for TXRF analysis was used for the determination of Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb elements in both matrices. As a result, the improved XRF and TXRF methods were applied for multi-element determination of elements in whole blood and human hair samples in non-occupational exposed population living in Damascus city. The mean concentrations of analyzed elements in both matrices were on the reported range values for non-occupational population in other countries.     

糖尿病人微量元素谱的多元分析

胜多元分析了糖尿病患者样品中微量元素，了解微量元素与糖尿病的关系，并提出了新见解。用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ测定糖尿病患者血、发中１８种微量和宏量元素 ；结果经多元分析处理，找到血、发共有的相关链：Ｍｎ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ－ＳｒＴｉ，它与患者年龄、性别、样品无关，看来它提供了机体的特殊信息。     

Biomonitoring of occupational exposure: Neutron activation determination of selected metals in the body tissues and fluids of workers manufacturing stainless steel vessels

Occupational exposure was examined for 20 workers dealing with welding, polishing, and assembling of stainless steel vessels. Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used for determination of selected elements in hair and nail, whereas urinary Cr and Mn, blood Mn and serum Cr were determined by radiochemical neutron activation analysis. Increased levels of Cr in hair, nails, serum and urine, Mo in hair, and Mn in blood were found in the exposed group compared to controls. Accuracy of the results was proven by analysis of reference materials and by comparison of element levels in controls with reference values for non-exposed persons.     

Detection of testosterone,nandrolone and precursors in horse hair

Growing interest among several horse-breeder associations has initiated the development of a screening procedure to test for anabolic agents in hair, which has the advantage over blood and urine specimens of allowing long-term detection. An analytical method was established to monitor in tails or manes several anabolic substances available as veterinary medicines or as so-called nutritional supplements (clenbuterol, different esters or prohormones of nandrolone and testosterone). The analytical procedure to detect steroids in hair samples consists of the following steps: decontamination of the hair strand or segment with methanol/water (1:1), milling, extraction of the hair material in an ultrasonic bath using methanol, purification by liquid–liquid extraction (n-pentane/methanol, 25:1) and HPLC cleanup, derivatisation of the relevant LC fractions with MSTFA, and measurement using GC-MS/MS technique. The first objective of our study was the detection of exogenous nandrolone (nortestosterone, NT) in the horse hair; therefore nandrolone-associated compounds [nandrolone dodecanoate administered intramuscularly (i.m.) and a mixture of 4-estrenediol and 4-estrenedione, transdermal] were administered to four geldings. The highest concentrations of NT following i.m. treatment were measured after 10 days in a 2-cm hair segment (up to 18 pg/mg); NT was detectable for up to 120 days and in some cases up to 330 days in tail hair (limit of detection 0.3 pg/mg). Following transdermal application, nandrolone as well as the administered prohormones were identified in tail and mane until the latest sampling at 3 months. Furthermore, untreated stallions (128) were investigated to estimate the range of endogenous levels of NT and testosterone (T) in hair. Maximum values of 3 pg/mg (NT) and 1 pg/mg (T) were quantified originating from endogenous formation in the male horse. Additionally, a possible relationship between steroid concentrations in hair specimens and the age of stallions was appraised. NT and T were not detected in hair samples of control geldings. Following nandrolone treatment of geldings, highest values in hair exceeded the endogenous amount detected in untreated stallions. Therefore comparison of concentrations measured in control samples with the estimated endogenous levels could give a clue to exogenous application in cases of abnormally high amounts of NT or T. The possibility of the evaluation of threshold values is discussed as a means to verify an exogenous administration of NT and T in hair samples. Furthermore, the detection of a synthetic substance in hair, e. g. the parent steroid ester by itself, would be unequivocal proof of an exogenous origin of NT or T and the previous medication of the stallion.     

Levels of 210Po in blood, urine and hair of some Saudi smokers

Summary The activity concentration of ²¹⁰Po was investigated in blood, urine and hair samples of some non-smokers, cigarette-smokers (tobacco-smokers) and shisha smokers (jurak- and mehassel-smokers). The results indicated that ²¹⁰Po concentration was variable within each group of volunteers and fluctuated within certain range. The activity concentration in the blood of the non-smokers, the cigarette-smokers and the shisha-smokers was found to be ranged from 7-77, 17-86 and 22-92 mBq/l, respectively. These values were ranged from 1.5-10, 3.3-15.9 and 2.2-19.6 mBq/l in the urine samples of the same volunteers, respectively. The ²¹⁰Po activity concentration in their hair was found to be ranged from 1.9-4.8, 1.9-6.4 and 2-6.5 Bq/kg, respectively. The obtained results are discussed and some conclusions, based upon the average values, were drawn.     

湖南省四市老年人头发微量元素正常值研究

对长沙等四市445例健康中、老年人的八种头发微量元素进行了测定．制定了老年期和老年前期正常值，并对地区、职业、头发染色分布进行了探讨，测定结果可作为今后老年医学研究和临床参考．     

浙江省宁波、海宁部分地区幼儿头发和全血中的微量元素相关性研究

测定了浙江省宁波、海宁部分地区223例3-4岁健康幼儿同一个体头发和全血铅和锌含量,并研究两类样本两种微量元素的相关性。发现除血锌男女性别间含量差异不明显外,发中的锌、铅,全血中的铅均有显著的性别差异;无论是头发或是全血,男性或女性铅和锌均呈负相关且大多数有显著性;发铅和血铅男性和女性均呈显著正相关,而发锌与血锌女性也呈显著相关。本文还求出发铅与血铅、发锌与血锌含量间的一元线性回归方程。