气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法同时测定调味品中的氨基甲酸乙酯和氯丙醇

建立了气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)同时测定调味品中氨基甲酸乙酯(EC)和氯丙醇(3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-MCPD)和2-氯-1,3-丙二醇(2-MCPD))的方法。样品添加同位素内标后,采用Extrelut^TM NT有机硅藻土填料进行基质固相分散萃取,先用正己烷淋洗除杂,再用乙酸乙酯-乙醚(20:80, v/v)混合溶剂洗脱被测物,洗脱液经浓缩后采用GC-MS/MS多反应监测(MRM)模式测定。EC、3-MCPD和2-MCPD的方法检出限依次为2、5和5 μg/kg,线性范围依次为5~1000 μg/kg(r=0.9997)、10~1000 μg/kg(r=0.9991)和10~1000 μg/kg(r=0.9995)。酱油、料酒(黄酒)、沙拉酱和方便面调味料4种基体中在20、100和400 μg/kg 3个水平加标测定的平均回收率和相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)范围分别为EC: 87.7%~104%(RSD为4.3%~10.7%)、3-MCPD: 90.1%~109%(RSD为2.6%~10.2%)、2-MCPD: 90.9%~103%(RSD为3.0%~9.5%)。在部分酱油、料酒和方便面调味料中同时检测到了EC、3-MCPD和2-MCPD,在部分沙拉酱中检测到了EC或3-MCPD。该法准确、快速,适用于调味品中EC、3-MCPD和2-MCPD的同时检测。     

同位素稀释气相色谱-质谱法快速测定酱油中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇量

采用同位素稀释气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法,快速测定酱油中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-MCPD)的含量。试样中加入3-氯-1,2-丙二醇的氘代同位素作为内标,经超声混匀后加入到自行填装的弗罗里硅土柱中,以乙醚洗脱,洗脱液经氮气吹干后在正己烷溶剂中进行衍生化,衍生化试剂采用七氟丁酰咪唑。GC-MS采用选择离子监测(SIM)模式进行定性定量分析。结果表明,本方法的添加回收率为95.0%~101.0%;相对标准偏差为3.2%~4.8%;检出限达到0.010mg/kg。本方法步骤简单,溶剂用量少,定性定量准确可靠。可快速测定酱油等调味品中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇的含量。     

致癌物3-氯-1,2-丙二醇的毛细管电泳/电导分离检测

利用硼酸能与3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-MCPD)上的2个邻位羟基进行键合生成配合阴离子、从而增加多羟基化合物的负电荷的特性,在15 mmol/L 三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris)-10 mmol/L H3BO3(pH 8.3)介质中,采用毛细管电泳/电导检测法分离检测了3-MCPD,该方法的线性范围为0.5-20 mg/L,检出限为0.1 mg/L(S/N=3)。对缓冲溶液的种类、浓度、pH值以及硼酸与3-MCPD的相互作用对分离检测的影响作了探讨。应用于水解植物蛋白(HVP)中的3-MCPD的分离检测     

毛细管电泳-电化学检测法检测水解植物蛋白调味液中的3-氯-1,2-丙二醇及其应用

运用毛细管电泳-电化学检测法研究了水解植物蛋白液中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-MCPD)含量的测定。探索了3-MCPD检测的最佳电泳条件。以328 μm的铜圆盘电极为工作电极,在电极电位为+0.65 V(参比电极为饱和甘汞电极),检测池缓冲液为0.05 mol/L氢氧化钠,运行缓冲液为30 mmol/L硼砂(pH 9.24)时,3-MCPD能被很好地分离。3-MCPD的线性范围为6.6~200 mg/L,检测限为0.22 mg/L。研究了水解缓冲液的pH值、水解温度、水解时间等因素对3-MCPD水解反应的影响,用毛细管电泳-电化学检测法检测水解反应过程中3-MCPD的含量。结果表明,在pH 8.0的水解缓冲液中,将水解植物蛋白调味液前体于90 ℃条件下恒温加热1 h,能有效地控制3-MCPD的含量在1.0 mg/kg以下,从而达到我国食品安全允许的限量标准。     

同位素稀释-气相色谱-质谱法测定面包中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇脂肪酸酯

采用同位素稀释的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术,建立了面包中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇脂肪酸酯(3-MCPD酯)的检测方法.样品经正己烷超声提取后用甲醇钠/甲醇水解,硅藻土小柱净化,提取液经七氟丁酰咪唑(HFBI)衍生后注入GC-MS测定.目标化合物经弱极性的气相毛细管色谱柱分离,采用选择离子监测模式(SIM)监测,以同位素内标进行定量.3-MCPD酯在0.025~1.600 mg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)为0.9999,其在面包中的检出限(LOD)低至10μg/kg.以空白面包样品进行加标水平为40、100、160和240μg/kg的加标回收实验,回收率在78.9%~117.0%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.1%~4.9%,说明该方法的精密度和准确度均良好.本方法灵敏度高、定性准确,适合于面包中3-MCPD酯的检测.     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定水中15种抗生素残留

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)测定水中磺胺类、喹诺酮类及四环素类抗生素的分析方法。考察了滤膜、固相萃取柱、洗脱液种类和体积、pH、上样流速对萃取效果的影响。水样过滤后调节至pH 3,经HLB小柱富集净化后,依次用0.1%(V:V)甲酸甲醇和3%(V:V)氨水甲醇洗脱,采用外标法定量分析。15种目标化合物在1～200μg/L范围内线性关系良好,检出限为0.15～1.04 ng/L;平均回收率在81.2%～116.6%之间,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为0.6%～8.9%。该方法适用于水中15种抗生素残留检测。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定调味品中3种氯丙醇

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱同时测定调味品中1,3-二氯-2-丙醇(1,3-DCP)、2,3-二氯-1-丙醇(2,3-DCP)和3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-MCPD)的分析方法。优化了样品前处理方法及GC-MS/MS分析条件,结果显示,样品经硅藻土净化,正己烷-乙醚(5∶5)洗脱,三氟乙酸酐衍生化后,在GC-MS/MS多反应监测模式(MRM)下测定,3种氯丙醇在0.001～10 mg/L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数分别为0.999 8、0.999 6和0.999 7;检出限(S/N=3)均为0.000 5 mg/kg,加标回收率为88%～97%。该方法简便、快速、溶剂用量少、衍生化试剂价廉易得,且能消除调味品中复杂基质的干扰,结果准确可靠、灵敏度高,适用于调味品中3种氯丙醇的同时测定。     

顶空衍生化固相微萃取法测定酱油中3-氯-1,2丙二醇

建立顶空衍生化固相微萃取测定酱油中3-氯-1,2丙二醇(3-MCPD)的方法。聚乙二醇-二乙烯基苯(CW-DVB)萃取纤维先顶空吸附苯基硼酸,然后同时萃取和衍生化样品顶空气体中的3-MCPD和内标物d5-3-MCPD,衍生化产物在进样口热解吸,GC-MS检测,内标法定量,特征离子为m/z196、201。结果表明,样品中3-MCPD质量浓度为0.01~1mg/kg时,工作曲线的线性良好(r=0.9994),添加回收率为89%~104%,检出限为0.01mg/kg。     

同位素稀释-气相色谱-质谱法测定食用植物油中总氯丙醇脂肪酸酯

建立了食用植物油中总氯丙醇脂肪酸酯(氯丙醇酯)的同位素稀释-气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)检测方法。样品经甲醇钠-甲醇溶液水解,硅藻土小柱净化,七氟丁酰咪唑(HFBI)衍生后,GC-MS 检测,同位素内标法定量。3-MCPD 酯、2-MCPD 酯、1,3-DCP 酯和2,3-DCP 酯在0.050~2.000 mg/ L 浓度范围内,均呈良好线性相关,相关系数(R)均大于0.9995。3-MCPD 酯、2-MCPD 酯、1,3-DCP 酯和2,3-DCP 酯的检出限分别为0.015,0.015,0.030和0.030 mg/ kg,定量限分别为0.050,0.050,0.100和0.100 mg/ kg。以空白特级初榨橄榄油为空白基质的加标回收实验的平均回收率为87.0%~110.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于10.1%。在74份食用植物油样品中,3-MCPD 酯、2-MCPD 酯和1,3-DCP 酯的检出率分别为94.6%,63.5%和5.4%,未检出2,3-DCP 酯;3-MCPD 酯、2-MCPD 酯和1,3-DCP 酯的含量分别在未检出(ND)~10.646 mg/ kg、ND ~3.617 mg/ kg 和ND ~0.089 mg/ kg 之间。本方法简便、准确、可靠,适用于食用植物油中总氯丙醇酯的测定。     

9,9-二甲基-2-(4-硝基苯基)-4-苯基-9H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吲哚高氯酸盐的微波合成及晶体结构

在微波辐射条件下,由2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚高氯酸盐、1-苯基-3-(4'-硝基苯基)-2-丙烯-1-酮与哌啶合成了标题化合物.在甲醇/乙醇=1/1(V/V)中培养出单晶,通过X射线单晶结构分析法测定了分子结构和晶体结构,晶体属于单斜晶系,P2(1)/n空间群,其晶胞参数为:a=1.2507(4)nm,b=1.4378(4)nm,c=1.3033(4)nm,V=2.3366(12)nm3,Dc=1.401g/cm3,μ=0.210mm-1,F(000)=1024,Z=4,R1=0.0553,wR2=0.0732.     

Simultaneous Determination of 2- and 3-Monochloropropan-1,3-diol Esters in Foods by Enzymatic Hydrolysis and GC–MS Detection

A simple, reliable and accurate method for simultaneous determination of 2- and 3-monochloropropan-1,3-diol fatty acid esters (2- and 3-MCPD esters) in food by enzymatic hydrolysis and gas chromatography mass spectrometry was developed and validated. The extraction of lipids in food was conducted by mixed with hexane and homogenized for 2 min. After extraction, the lipids were directly transferred to enzymatic hydrolysis and the content was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The main advantage of the proposed method is that it can simultaneously analyse both 2- and 3-MCPD esters in foods and preserve their structural integrity. The limits of detection (LODs) of 2- and 3-MCPD esters in edible oil were 40 and 20 μg kg⁻¹ as 2- and 3-MCPD, respectively. For low fat foods containing less than 3 % fat, the LOD of 2- and 3-MCPD esters were lowered to 1.2 and 0.6 μg kg⁻¹ as 2- and 3-MCPD, respectively. Quantitative recoveries of different fatty acid esters of 2- and 3-MCPD esters were obtained after spiked corresponding standards into blank matrices.

     

Simultaneous determination of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol and acrylamide in food by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with coupled column separation

Both 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and acrylamide are contaminants found in heat-processed foods and their related products. A quantitative method was developed for the simultaneous determination of both contaminants in food by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). The analytes were purified and extracted by the matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction (MSPDE) technique with Extrelut NT. A coupled column (a 3 m Innowax combined with a 30 m DB-5 ms) was developed to separate both compounds efficiently without derivatization. Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) was applied to suppress matrix interference and obtain good sensitivity in the determination of both analytes. The limit of detection (LOD) in the sample matrix was 5 μg kg⁻¹ for 3-MCPD or acrylamide. The average recoveries for 3-MCPD and acrylamide in different food matrices were 90.5–107% and 81.9–95.7%, respectively, with the intraday relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 5.6–13.5% and 5.3–13.4%, respectively. The interday RSDs were 6.1–12.6% for 3-MCPD and were 5.0–12.8% for acrylamide. Both contaminants were found in samples of bread, fried chips, fried instant noodles, soy sauce, and instant noodle flavoring. Neither 3-MCPD nor acrylamide was detected in the samples of dairy products (solid or liquid samples) and non-fried instant noodles.     

固相萃取-气相色谱/负化学电离-质谱法测定酸水解植物蛋白及酱油中的3-氯-1,2-丙二醇

建立了酸水解植物蛋白及酱油中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-MCPD)的固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱测定方法。样品经Aoisa-HBL固相萃取柱萃取,正己烷-乙酸乙酯净化提取,七氟丁酰咪唑衍生,衍生物经气相色谱/负化学电离-质谱（GC/NCI-MS）选择离子模式(SIM)检测,外标法定量。3-MCPD的定量检测限为0.5 μg/kg,平均回收率为92.2%～97.4%,相对标准偏差为3.6%～10.9%。该方法检测灵敏度高,定性定量准确。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备红霉素印迹固相萃取材料及其选择性吸附

以红霉素为模板分子,采用溶胶-凝胶印迹技术,合成对红霉素具有特异选择识别性能的印迹聚合材料.采用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析以及比表面积测定技术对印迹聚合物的结构和表面性能进行详细探讨,结果表明所得印迹聚合物比表面积为266.2m2/g,粒径为600nm左右的颗粒材料.选择3种抗生素类药物进行选择吸附研究,结果表明,该聚合物对红霉素的分离因子最高达到2.20.优化固相萃取条件,结果表明用甲醇:乙酸(75:25,V/V)作为洗脱剂时对红霉素的洗脱效果最好.结合液相色谱技术,该印迹材料成功的分离和富集红霉素肠溶片中的红霉素,回收率达到104.5%。     

油脂性食品中脂肪酸氯丙醇酯检测方法的研究进展

脂肪酸氯丙醇酯污染是近年来国际上新出现的热点食品安全问题之一,尤其是3-氯-1,2-丙二醇脂肪酸酯(3-MCPD酯)污染问题更为突出。3-MCPD酯在食用油、婴幼儿奶粉等多种食品中的含量较高,以3-MCPD的最大耐受剂量(TDI)评估时所引起的健康风险较高。国外已对3-MCPD酯等氯丙醇酯的检测方法、污染调查和形成机制等开展了不少的研究,国内开展的研究较少。本文主要对油脂食品中3-MCPD酯的检测方法(包括前处理过程,如3-MCPD酯的提取、水解和衍生)、3-MCPD酯总量以及3-MCPD单酯和双酯的检测方法进行了综述。     

Identification of 3-chloro-1,2-propandiol using molecularly imprinted composite solid-phase extraction materials

A novel molecularly imprinted material based on silica microparticles was synthesized by surface polymerization with 3-chloro-1,2-propandiol (3-MCPD) as a template molecule. The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption of 3-MCPD by MIP was measured by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) and an equilibrium binding experiment. Scatchard analysis revealed that the maximum apparent binding capacities of the MIP and non-imprinted polymer (NIP) were 67.64 and 23.31 μmol/g, respectively. The new adsorbent was successfully used in solid-phase extraction (SPE) to selectively enrich and determine 3-MCPD in soy sauce samples. The MIP-SPE column achieves recoveries higher than 92.7 % with a relative standard deviation of less than 1.83 %. The MIP-SPE-GC protocol improved the selectivity and eliminated the effects of template leakage on quantitative analysis and could be used for the determination of 3-MCPD in other complex food samples. Graphical Abstract

The MIP-SPE column developed by us achieves recoveries higher than 92.7 % with a relative standard deviation of less than 1.83 % for determining the 3-MCPD in the soy sauce matrix (mixed with 3-MCPD, 2-MPCD and 1,3-DCP).      

Determination of rate constants and activation energy of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol hydrolysis by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection

A method based on capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection (CE-ED) to calculate the rate constants and activation energy of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) hydrolysis was described. Effects of several factors, such as the pH value and the concentration of the running buffer, separation voltage, injection time and the potential applied to the working electrode, were investigated to find the optimum conditions. With a 50 cm length of 25 microm diameter fused-silica capillary at a separation of 10 kV, well-defined separation of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol from glycerol was achieved in 30 mmol/l borax (pH 9.24) within 13 min. Operated in a wall-jet configuration, a 328 microm copper-disk electrode used as the working electrode exhibits good response at 0.65 V (versus SCE) for 3-MCPD and glycerol. The rate constants of 3-MCPD hydrolysis at different temperatures were determined by monitoring the concentration changes of 3-MCPD. At 80, 85 and 90 degrees C, the measured rate constants of 3-MCPD hydrolysis were 3.8 x 10(-3) min(-1), 7.1 x 10(-3) min(-1) and 11.5 x 10(-3) min(-1), respectively. The activation energy for 3-MCPD hydrolysis was calculated to be 118.1 kJ/mol, which is in good agreement with the value in the literature.