非Maxwell电子速度分布对受激散射的影响

从考虑动理学效应的受激散射不稳定性的线性理论出发,对于n=2的Maxwell分布函数直到n=5的饱和情况的超高斯分布函数,计算了电子等离子体波和离子声波的频率和阻尼率。对受激喇曼散射和受激布里渊散射进行分析,结果表明,在激光高Z等离子体中,或者在具有激光热斑的中等Z等离子体中,电子等离子体波的阻尼率降低很多,离子声波的频率比Maxwell分布情况升高约15%。这些结果可和实验进行比较。     

强激光与等离子体相互作用中受激陷俘电子声波散射及相空间离子涡旋的形成

应用一维相对论电磁粒子模拟程序，研究了线性极化强激光入射到无碰撞密度均匀的次临界密度等离子体中所引起的受激陷俘电子声波散射不稳定性过程.不稳定性的早期行为与是否考虑离子动力学效应无关.当考虑离子动力学效应之后会激发一个随时间增长的离子声波，并且最终由于大振幅电磁孤立子的产生而中断.由于电磁孤立子内的静电场与电磁场所产生的离子加速与俘获效应，导致一个离子涡旋在离子相空间中形成；当电磁孤立子向后加速过程中，若干个离子涡旋结构随之形成.研究发现，离子涡旋结构同样存在于密度不均匀的次临界密度等离子体中.从拓扑的观 关键词： 粒子模拟 受激陷俘电子声波散射 电磁孤立子 离子涡旋     

弱磁化等离子体中受激拉曼散射和受激布里渊散射抑制研究

本文针对典型激光聚变等离子体参数条件,利用动理学粒子模拟程序研究横向磁场和激光带宽在抑制受激拉曼散射(SRS)和受激布里渊散射(SBS)中的作用。模拟发现横向磁场对非均匀等离子体中SRS的非线性自共振增强有显著抑制作用,分析认为横向磁场作用于SRS激发的电子等离子体波(EPW)势阱中的俘获电子,使它们在横向上加速,对EPW造成非线性阻尼,同时减小EPW的非线性频移量,从而缩窄非均匀等离子体中SRS的自共振空间,极大降低SRS反射率。在此基础上利用横向磁场抑制SRS的特性,以及SBS增长对激光带宽的敏感性,提出了利用横向磁场和宽带激光将SRS和SBS同时抑制在低反射率水平的方案。在采用数十特斯拉横向磁场和实验中易于达到的千分之一量级的激光带宽时以及慢性约束聚变(ICF)相关参数下,SBS和SRS的反射率都得到了有效抑制。     

非均匀等离子体中受激Raman散射非线性行为

鉴于实际中等离子体不均匀性和非周期性边界条件，建立了受激Ｒａｍａｎ散射（ＳＲＳ）和受激Ｂｒｉｌｌｏｕｒｉｎ散射（ＳＢＳ）非线性耦合模型。ＳＢＳ对ＳＲＳ的影响主要表现在两方面：１）Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ波与离子声波的非线性相互作用，２）ＳＢＳ与ＳＲＳ的竞争。本文研究了离子声衰变不稳定性、离子声波对Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ波的非共振散射两种非线性过程在ＳＲＳ发展过程中的作用，给出一维不均匀等离子体中ＳＲＳ发展图象。Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ波向短波转换，从而被强烈阻尼是抑制ＳＲＳ的重要机制。文中给出了ＳＢＳ／ＳＲＳ耦合过程中决定ＳＲ 关键词：     

掺杂材料对激光等离子体受激布里渊散射的影响

研究了激光等离子体背向受激布里渊散射光谱及反射率。当小能量短脉冲激光入射平面靶时，激光等离子体发展不充分，受激布里渊散射光谱结构相似，受激布里渊散射的增长主要受等离于体尺度的影响，随靶材料的有效原子序数的增加，等离子体尺度变小，受激布里渊散射反射率减少。     

非均匀等离子体中1/4临界密度附近受激散射的非线性演化

本文采用粒子模拟方法,针对长脉冲激光在非均匀等离子体中的传输过程,特别是在1/4临界密度附近,等离子体中受激散射的非线性演化现象,进行了细致的模拟研究.研究结果表明:在1/4临界面附近所产生的受激拉曼散射不稳定性,其散射光在等离子体中被捕获,并在该区域形成电磁孤子.电磁孤子的振幅随着不稳定性的发展而提高,并由此而产生一个有质动力场驱动周围的电子运动,离子随后被电荷分离场加速,最终形成准中性的密度坑.在单个密度坑形成后,由于该密度坑周围等离子体密度和温度产生了变化,使得等离子体中逐渐形成更多的密度坑.这些密度坑将等离子体分割成不连续的密度分布,而这种密度分布最终明显地抑制了受激拉曼散射和受激布里渊散射不稳定性的发展.     

一维动理学数值模拟激光与等离子体的相互作用

利用一维(1D3V)、显式、全电磁、相对论粒子模拟代码研究动理学范畴内激光与等离子体相互作用中的受激拉曼散射,给出了粒子代码的控制方程及其数值离散的详细方案,研究表明:动理学效应在受激拉曼散射不稳定性中十分重要;时问平均的反射率在阈值强度处跃升,在更高的激光强度处达到饱和;受激拉曼背向散射周期性地在次皮秒内爆发,离子效应延迟背向拉曼散射的发生;电子俘获导致了背向拉曼散射出现爆发;Langmuir波的非线性频移使得背向散射达到饱和。     

1．053μm激光在腔靶中产生的非线性过程

波长１．０５３μｍ、脉宽约１ｎｓ、能量３００～６００Ｊ激光在亚毫米的腔靶中可以产生十分丰富的非线性过程。我们直接测量了受激Ｂｒｉｌｌｏｕｉｎ散射、受激Ｒａｍａｎ散射：通过谐波间接测量了共振吸收、离子声衰变和双等离子体衰变。其中受激Ｂｒｉｌｌｏｕｉｎ散射和受激Ｒａｍａｎ散射是腔靶中的主要非线性过程，它散射掉约４０％的入射光能量。激光激发的电子等离子体波是产生超热电子的根源，产生电子等离子体波的非线性过程是受激Ｒａｍａｎ散射、双等离子体衰变、共振吸收和离子声衰变。其中受激Ｒａｍａｎ散射是激发电子等离子体波的主要过程，它产生约占入射激光能量１０％的超热电子。各非线性过程发射的光谱与激光参数和等离子体状态有密切关系，仔细测量和研究这些谱的特性可以获得等离子体温度、密度的信息。     

三维大尺度激光等离子体相互作用程序LAP3D在集束实验中的应用

针对多束激光组成一个集束情况下的受激布里渊散射(SBS)开展数值模拟研究。激光采用多种不同的束匀滑手段,模拟得到受激布里渊散射中的多种不同现象,包括散射光的原路返回、共用离子声波和共用散射光波,并针对这些现象给出物理解释,部分结果得到了实验验证。     

S波段光纤拉曼放大器中级联受激布里渊散射串扰的实验研究

研究了光纤激光器前向抽运的S波段分布式光纤拉曼放大器中级联的受激布里渊散射(SBS)串扰现象。用窄光谱带宽(<100MHz)的可调谐激光二极管作为信号源,通过S波段分布式光纤拉曼放大器,当被放大的信号功率超过单模光纤受激布里渊散射的阈值时,出现了前向受激布里渊散射,这是传导声波布里渊散射在光纤放大器中放大的现象。随着拉曼放大器抽运功率的提高,在斯托克斯区,出现了两阶受激布里渊散射线,在实验中观测到偶数阶的受激布里渊散射谱线功率大于奇数阶的布里渊一瑞利散射线。当进一步增加拉曼放大器的抽运功率,出现了前向级联的多阶受激布里渊散射现象,拉曼放大器的增益下降,被放大的信号功率转换为受激布里渊散射,噪声变大。受激布里渊散射的串扰破坏了拉曼放大器的特性,使拉曼放大器无法在密集波分复用光纤传输系统中使用,因此需要严格地控制入纤的信号功率和放大器的抽运功率。在实验中还观测到在光纤拉曼放大器中被放大的信号光和受激布里渊散射线两侧的伴线。     

Direct observation of the saturation of stimulated Brillouin scattering by ion-trapping-induced frequency shifts

We report the first measurement of the saturation of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) by an ion-trapping-induced frequency shift, which was achieved by directly measuring the amplitude and absolute frequency of SBS-driven ion-acoustic waves (IAW). A frequency shift of up to 30% and a simultaneous saturation of driven IAW and SBS reflectivity were observed. The scaling of the frequency shift with the IAW amplitude compares well with theoretical calculations. We have further measured fast 30 ps oscillations of the SBS-driven IAW amplitude induced by the frequency shift.     

Measurements of nonlinear growth of ion-acoustic waves in two-ion-species plasmas with thomson scattering

We report the first Thomson-scattering measurements of the growth of ion-acoustic waves in well-characterized multi-ion-species plasmas consisting of gold and beryllium. We observe that only the berylliumlike mode grows, verifying linear kinetic theory. In addition, a twofold increase in ion temperature is measured when ion-acoustic waves are excited to large amplitudes by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). This increase in ion temperature is a strong indication of hot ions due to trapping. We explain the measured SBS reflectivity by nonlinear detuning of the SBS instability due to these trapping effects.     

Transient development of backward stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering on a picosecond time scale measured by subpicosecond thomson diagnostic

The excitation and the relaxation of the plasma waves and ion acoustic waves (IAW), respectively, driven by stimulated Raman (SRS) and Brillouin (SBS) backscatterings have been experimentally investigated with short-pulse lasers. The spectra have been obtained with a 0.3 ps time resolution. It is shown that SRS develops before SBS and suddenly decays around the peak of the pump, as the IAW reaches saturation. On this short time scale, electron kinetic effects play a major role for SRS saturation, contrary to ion dynamics. These results are supported by particle-in-cell simulations.     

Weakly nonlinear non-Boussinesq internal gravity wavepackets

Internal gravity wavepackets induce a horizontal mean flow that interacts nonlinearly with the waves if they are of moderately large amplitude. In this work, a new theoretical derivation for the wave-induced mean flow of internal gravity waves is presented. Using this we examine the weakly nonlinear evolution of internal wavepackets in two dimensions. By restricting the two-dimensional waves to be horizontally periodic and vertically localized, we derive the nonlinear Schrödinger equation describing the vertical and temporal evolution of the amplitude envelope of non-Boussinesq waves. The results are compared with fully nonlinear numerical simulations restricted to two dimensions. The initially small-amplitude wavepacket grows to become weakly nonlinear as it propagates upward due to non-Boussinesq effects. In comparison with the results of fully nonlinear numerical simulations, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation is found to capture the dominant initial behaviour of the waves, indicating that the interaction of the waves with the induced horizontal mean flow is the dominant mechanism for weakly nonlinear evolution. In particular, due to modulational stability, hydrostatic waves propagate well above the level at which linear theory predicts they should overturn, whereas strongly non-hydrostatic waves, which are modulationally unstable, break below the overturning level predicted by linear theory.     

Linear and Nonlinear Coupling of Electrostatic Drift and Acoustic Perturbations in a Nonuniform Bi-Ion Plasma with Non-Maxwellian Electrons

Linear and nonlinear coupling of drift and ion acoustic waves are studied in a nonuniform magnetized plasma comprising of Oxygen and Hydrogen ions with nonthermal distribution of electrons. It has been observed that different ratios of ion number densities and kappa and Cairns distributed electrons significantly modify the linear dispersion characteristics of coupled drift-ion acoustic waves. In the nonlinear regime, KdV (for pure drift waves) and KP (for coupled drift-ion acoustic waves) like equations have been derived to study the nonlinear evolution of drift solitary waves in one and two dimensions. The dependence of drift solitary structures on different ratios of ion number densities and nonthermal distribution of electrons has also been explored in detail. It has been found that the ratio of the diamagnetic drift velocity to the velocity of the nonlinear structure determines the existence regimes for the drift solitary waves. The present investigation may be beneficial to understand the formation of solitons in the ionospheric F-region.     

熔融石英玻璃受激布里渊散射效应实验研究

以自行研制的大能量单纵单横电光调Q激光系统作为抽运源，在小尺寸(2 cm×2 cm×4 cm)的熔融石英玻璃样品中实现了强烈发展的受激布里渊散射(SBS)过程，在工作介质无损伤的情况下，相位共轭波能量高达110 mJ，反射率约为60％.还研究了SBS能量反射率与入射角之间的关系，证实了此前提出的“自供种子光(self-Stokes-seeding)”效应的存在.提出了双棒串接的构型，得到了更为高效的SBS过程. 关键词： 受激布里渊散射 熔融石英玻璃 激光损伤 反射率     

横向受激布里渊散射的抑制

 从非线性光学的耦合波理论出发，结合流体力学的连续性方程，建立了光学元件中窄带泵浦的横向受激布里渊散射的二维理论模型，并在此基础上，利用数值模拟考察泵浦光带宽增加对受激散射过程的影响。研究表明:在一定的条件下，当泵浦光带宽略大于布里渊线宽时，受激散射过程的Stokes增益将显著降低；带宽越大，Stokes增益降低得越多；当带宽大于20GHz时，可以抑制横向受激布里渊散射带来的不良影响。另外，当带宽一定时，调制频率的改变也会影响受激散射过程，可以通过数值模拟确定最佳的调制频率。     

抽运能量对受激布里渊散射光限幅特性的影响

采用布里渊噪声起源模型,数值模拟了受激布里渊散射介质CCl4对波长1064nm的Nd：YAG纳秒激光脉冲的传输特性及光限幅特性。入射抽运脉冲能量较低时,非线性介质对纳秒激光脉冲呈光学透明。入射抽运脉冲能量高于受激布里渊散射产生阈值后,透射脉冲峰值受限,脉宽压缩,能量趋于饱和,说明该光学系统同时具有光功率限幅和能量限幅的光限幅特性。利用理论模型模拟了如下光限幅参量：透射脉冲峰值功率、透射能量、能量透射率、脉宽压缩率依赖抽运光能量的变化关系。相应的理论模拟计算结果由实验进行验证,实验结果与理论模拟相符合。     

Nonlinear Wave Propagation in a Disordered Medium

In this paper we consider the problem of solitary wave propagation in a weakly disordered potential. Through a series of careful numerical experiments we have observed behavior which is in agreement with the theoretical predictions of Kivshar et al., Bronski, and Gamier. In particular we observe numerically the existence of two regimes of propagation. In the first regime the mass of the solitary wave decays exponentially, while the velocity of the solitary wave approaches a constant. This exponential decay is what one would expect from known results in the theory of localization for the linear Schrödinger equation. In the second regime, where nonlinear effects dominate, we observe the anomalous behavior which was originally predicted by Kivshar et al. In this regime the mass of the solitary wave approaches a constant, while the velocity of the solitary wave displays an anomalously slow decay. For sufficiently small velocities (when the theory is no longer valid) we observe phenomena of total reflection and trapping.