基于新型测试方法探究氢氧化铁胶体的部分物理性质

为探究氢氧化铁胶体的折射率、黏度与表面张力系数,设计了三个实验进行相关物理量的检测。设计了基于布鲁斯特定律测量胶体折射率的实验装置并测量了氢氧化铁胶体的折射率;制作了新型毛细管法测试装置并测量了氢氧化铁胶体的黏度;并利用拉脱法测试了氢氧化铁胶体的表面张力系数。同时,为验证布鲁斯特定律测试方法的准确性,利用衍射光栅法测试样品折射率,结果表明,两种测试方法结果近似,证明了基于布鲁斯特定律的折射率测试方法是可行的。上述实验对于学生了解氢氧化铁胶体的物理性质、提高创新和探索能力具有一定的帮助。     

电热式变温液体黏度测量装置的设计与应用

设计了基于"落球法"的电热式变温液体黏度测量装置.借助该装置,通过改变2个侧加热板的间距,在室温下研究了侧加热板以及容器壁对蓖麻油中小球下落速度的影响,并以此为基础,利用对称测量原理,对蓖麻油在不同温度下的黏度进行了测量,揭示出蓖麻油的黏度与温度的关系近似满足阿伦尼乌斯公式,活化能约为9.213×10-20 J.     

近临界区表面光散射法乙醇界面性质的实验研究

针对高温及近临界区流体界面性质测量难题,本文研究了表面光散射法在该温度区间流体表面张力和黏度的高精度测量方法。获取了饱和状态下乙醇在温度范围为303 K~T_c内的表面张力和黏度,并利用实验数据分别拟合了对应的van der Waals方程和含临界项的温度倒数多项式方程,在全温度范围内实验值与方程的偏差均在1.5%之内。同时分析了表面光散射法测量流体表面张力和黏度的测量扩展不确定度,当对比温度T_r=T/T_c0.9时,表面张力和黏度的测量不确定度分别为1%和2% (k=2);当对比温度0.90 T_r 0.99时,测量不确定度范围分别为1%~7%和2%~3%(k=2)。     

深过冷Ni-15％Sn合金熔体表面张力研究

在电磁悬浮下实现了Ni-15％Sn合金的深过冷，最大过冷度为265K(0.16T_L)，结合悬浮液滴振荡法实验测定了Ni-15％Sn合金在1368—1915K范围内的表面张力.实验表明，在所测量温度范围内，表面张力随温度增加，连续线性递减，函数关系式为σ_Ni-15%Sn=1316.7—1.01(T-T_L)mN／m.根据表面张力的实验数据，理论计算了该合金的黏度系数和扩散系数，并在此基础上研究了合金的扩散激活能E_D和黏液活 关键词： 深过冷 电磁悬浮 表面张力 黏度系数 扩散系数     

探究落球法粘滞系数实验的最佳实验条件及误差修正

系统地探究了落球法测量蓖麻油粘滞系数实验中测量结果的影响因素,分析了小球从不同位置下落、不同小球直径和不同实验温度对蓖麻油粘滞系数测量的影响。通过绘制误差曲线并进行分析,提出了实验的改进方案,以提高实验精度,减小实验误差。     

蓖麻油粘滞系数公式的Origin拟合

蓖麻油的粘度系数对温度变化很敏感,国际公认的标准值只有几个特定温度下的数值,这给实际应用及教学中实验测量结果准确性的评价带来了较大的困难。采用落球法研究了蓖麻油的粘滞系数与温度的关系,根据测量小球在不同温度的蓖麻油中下落速度,借助于origin软件,得出了蓖麻油的粘滞系数随温度变化的经验方程。     

升球法测量液体黏滞系数

设计制作了一种升球法测量液体黏滞系数的装置。通过砝码拉动待测液体中的小球上升,使用CCD摄像头识别下落砝码从而得到砝码位置与时间的数据,再对数据进行拟合得出液体的黏滞系数。用该方法对蓖麻油进行了测量,结果表明,测得的黏滞系数与蓖麻油黏滞系数标准值的相对偏差为4%,说明该方法测量精度较高。与传统落球法相比,该方法可用于测量非透明、黏滞系数较低的液体。     

拉脱法测量纯水表面张力系数实验的研究

从实验和理论上对拉脱法测量表面张力系数的实验进行了研究.用微力传感器代替约利弹簧,并在此基础上改进了实验仪器.研究分析了使用约利弹簧和传感器测量表面张力系数实验的实验原理,指出了它们的区别,并给出了利用传感器测量表面张力系数实验的理论计算公式.改进后的实验降低了拉脱法测量表面张力系数实验的技术难度,提高了测量表面张力系数的精确度.     

设计控温装置研究液体表面张力系数与温度的关系

介绍了自行设计、搭建的测量液体表面张力系数与温度关系的实验装置,用毛细管法测量了不同温度下水和乙醇的表面张力系数,得到了它们与温度的线性关系.利用此装置还可以进行其他对样品温度测控要求较高的实验.     

对FD-NST-I型液体表面张力系数测量仪的改进

根据吊环法测量液体表面张力系数实验原理,针对现有的FD-NST-1型液体表面张力系数测量仪的不足进行改进.另外在仪器上增加样品加热装置,可以对不同温度下的液体表面张力系数进行测量.通过实验对比得出:改进后的实验装置操作方便、实验误差小,重复性好.     

蓖麻油黏度随温度变化经验公式及验证

根据蓖麻油黏滞系数随温度变化的实验数据,利用Origin软件拟合法建立蓖麻油黏滞系数随温变化的关系式.同时对公式进行了验证,结果表明公式计算值与实验值高度吻合.     

Thermodynamic and transport properties of nitrogen and butane mixtures

A force field has been developed to describe the phase behaviour, interfacial, and transport properties of nitrogen and hydrocarbon mixtures under conditions relevant to those found in the high pressure extraction of oil from underground reservoirs. A Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo method is used to parametrize intermolecular potentials for the pure components by matching experimental and simulated liquid and vapour coexisting densities. Also the surface tension, diffusion coefficient and shear viscosity of nitrogen and its mixtures with butane have been determined. The latter properties were obtained by canonical molecular dynamics simulations. The diffusion coefficient and shear viscosity were calculated by a Green-Kubo method. Results for pure nitrogen are given for temperatures ranging from 70 K to 110K. For mixtures of nitrogen with butane, results are presented at 339.4 K and 380.2 K. Good agreement is found between the results of simulations and available experimental data.     

制备均一性靶丸过程中的影响因素

在激光聚变实验中,高球形度、高厚度均一性的靶丸经常通过乳液微封装方法来制备。利用T.Norimatsu的模型研究在靶丸制备过程中,界面间表面张力、油相粘度、壳层尺寸、壳层厚度的影响。结果显示:较大的表面张力,较小的壳层尺寸,会使胶囊具有更好的均一性。当外部变形形式不同的时候,油相的粘度对于壳层均一性会有不同作用。     

Surface Thermodynamics,Viscosity, Activation Energy of N-Methyldiethanolamine Aqueous Solutions Promoted by Tetramethylammonium Arginate

The surface tension and viscosity values of N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) aqueous solutions promoted by tetramethylammonium arginate ([N₁₁₁₁][Arg]) were measured and modeled. The experimental temperatures were 303.2 to 323.2 K. The mass fractions of MDEA (w_MDEA) and [N₁₁₁₁][Arg] (w_[N1111][Arg]) were 0.300 to 0.500 and 0.025 to 0.075, respectively. The measured surface tension and viscosity values were satisfactorily fitted to thermodynamic models. With the aid of experimentally viscosity data, the activation energy (Ea) and H₂S diffusion coefficient (D_H2S) of MDEA-[N₁₁₁₁][Arg] aqueous solution were deduced. The surface entropy and surface enthalpy of the solutions were calculated using the fitted model of the surface tension. The quantitative relationship between the calculated values (surface tension, surface entropy, surface enthalpy, viscosity, activation energy, and H₂S diffusion coefficient) and the operation conditions (mass fraction and temperature) was demonstrated.     

Measurement of liquid surface properties using a He-Ne laser

The surface tension, viscosity, and damping coefficient of surface waves on a liquid sample have been determined by observing the diffraction of an optical beam. To achieve high accuracy, a He-Ne laser having a high brightness and coherence was used as a light source. Experiments illustrating and verifying the techniques are described.Values of the surface tension for different samples have been measured with a standard deviation of less than ±0.6% for frequencies of the ripple motion ranging from 500 to 3 000 Hz over the temperature range 20–45°C. The viscosity and damping coefficient of water were measured for frequencies in the range 600–1500 Hz. The values obtained agree with those available from the literature.     

Thermophysical properties of Ni-5%Sn alloy melt

The surface tension and specific heat of Ni-5%Sn alloy melt were measured by the oscillating drop method and the drop calorimetric method using electromagnetic levitation, respectively. The temperature coefficient of surface tension is 6.43×10⁻⁴ N·m⁻¹K⁻¹ within the temperature regime of 1464–1931 K. The enthalpy change was measured in the temperature range from 1461 to 1986 K, and the average specific heat was obtained as 43.03 J·mol⁻¹K⁻¹. Some other thermophysical properties, such as viscosity, solute diffusion coefficient, density, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of this alloy melt, were derived based on the experimentally measured surface tension and specific heat. Using these thermophysical parameters, the relation between solute trapping and undercooling in rapidly solidified α-Ni was calculated, and the theoretical prediction shows a good agreement with experimental data.     

用单管落球法探讨蓖麻油粘度随温度的变化

从单管落球法出发,以测出蓖麻油粘度随温度变化的大量实验数据为基础,采用SPSS统计软件中线性回归与曲线拟合的方法,选择最佳统计模型,找到了两者之间的实验曲线及拟合方程.     

Phase-transfer catalysis and ultrasonic waves II: saponification of vegetable oil.

Saponification of oils which is a commercially important heterogeneous reaction, can be speeded up by the application of ultrasound in the presence of phase-transfer catalyst (PTC). This paper focuses on the ability of ultrasound to cause efficient mixing of this liquid-liquid heterogeneous reaction. Castor oil was taken as a model oil and the kinetic of the reaction was followed by the extent of saponification. The hydrolysis of castor oil was carried out with different PTC such as cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), benzyl triethyl ammonium chloride (BTAC) and tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) in aqueous alkaline solution. As hydroxyl anion moves very slowly from aqueous to oil phase, the presence of a PTC is of prime importance. For this purpose, cationic surfactants are selected. The sonication of biphasic system were performed by 20 kHz (simple horn and cup horn) and 900 kHz. It was found that CTAB was better than the two others and this could be related to the molecular structure of the PTCs. The effect of temperature was also studied on the saponification process. By increasing the temperature, the yield was also increased and this could be explained by intermolecular forces, interfacial tension and mass transfer. Saponification of three different vegetable oils shows that the almond oil is saponified easier than the two others and this could be related to their properties such as surface tension, viscosity and density.     

用力敏传感器测液体表面张力系数的不确定度分析及影响因素分析

介绍了利用DH4607液体表面张力系数测定仪测量液体的表而张力系数的详细过程,讨论了液体表面张力系数测定的数据处理方法,分析了测量过程中的误差来源,给出了直接测量量和间接测量量不确定度的评定方法和计算公式。