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1.
Dransfield PJ Gore PM Shipman M Slawin AM 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2002,(2):150-151
Tri-O-acetyl imino glucal 2 is readily made and shown to undergo a variety of Lewis acid mediated carbon-carbon bond forming reactions at C-1 of the piperidine nucleus. In all the reactions studied, the beta-anomer is predominant. 相似文献
2.
Several amide oximes underwent condensation reactions with dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate to afford 1:1 adducts. Under basic conditions, these adducts underwent ring closure to afford several methyl [3-(substituted)-4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-6H-1,2,4-oxadiazin-6-ylidene]acetates. The reactions of these compounds with a variety of amines resulted in addition-rearrangement reactions with the formation of the corresponding methyl 2-substituted-5-substituted amino-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-4-pyrimidine carboxylates. 相似文献
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4.
The effect of modification of the electrophilic center from C=O to P=O on reactivity and reaction mechanism has been investigated for aminolysis of Y-substituted phenyl diphenylphosphinates (1a-j) and benzoates (2a-i). The phosphinates 1a-j are less reactive than the benzoates 2a-i. The reactions of 2,4-dinitrophenyl diphenylphosphinate (1a) with alicyclic secondary amines resulted in a linear Br?nsted-type plot with a beta(nuc) value of 0.38, while the corresponding reactions of 2,4-dinitrophenyl benzoate (2a) yielded a curved Br?nsted-type plot. Similarly, a linear Br?nsted-type plot with a beta(lg) value of -0.66 was obtained for the reactions of 1a-j with piperidine, while the corresponding reactions of 2a-i gave a curved Br?nsted-type plot. The linear Br?nsted-type plots for the reactions of 1a-j have been taken as evidence for a concerted mechanism, while the curved Br?nsted-type plots for the reactions of 2a-i have been suggested to indicate a change in the rate-determining step of a stepwise mechanism. The Hammett plot for the reactions of 1b-j exhibited a poor correlation with sigma(-) constants (R(2) = 0.962) but slightly better correlation with sigma(o) (R(2) = 0.986). However, the Yukawa-Tsuno plot for the same reactions resulted in an excellent correlation (R(2) = 0.9993) with an r value of 0.30. The aminolysis of 1a-j has been suggested to proceed through a concerted mechanism with an early transition state on the basis of the small beta(nuc) and small r values. 相似文献
5.
Wang HY Zhang X Guo YL Tang QH Lu L 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2006,17(2):253-263
Tandem mass spectrometry is used to predict the chemical transformations of 2-pyrimidinyloxy-N-arylbenzyl amine derivatives. Compound 1, N-2-2-4,6- dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy benzylamino phenyl benzamide was selected as a model to present our idea. The CID reactions of protonated 1 include an intramolecular S(N)2 reaction and a cyclodehydration reaction. Under in-source CID conditions, deprotonated 1 undergoes a Smiles rearrangement reaction and then dissociates to the ion at m/z 349. Theoretical computations were invoked to shed light on the reaction mechanisms of 1 by the semiempirical PM3 method. These studies of gas-phase reactions show the reactivity of some potential reaction centers in this molecule, which inspired us to explore the solution phase analogous reactions of 1. Further experiments show that 1 has two analogous reactions in acidic solution: the acid-catalyzed cyclodehydration reaction and the acid-catalyzed Smiles rearrangement reaction. Moreover, 1 undergoes the base-catalyzed Smiles rearrangement under basic conditions. The present study demonstrates that mass spectrometry can play an important role in predicting the chemical solution phase transformations of 2-pyrimidinyloxy-N-arylbenzyl amine derivatives. 相似文献
6.
Krasnov V. P. Koroleva M. A. Matveeva T. V. Zhdanova E. A. Grishakov A. N. Klyuev N. A. 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》2001,50(4):644-648
The kinetics of the reactions of alkyl N-phthaloyl-4-bromoglutamates with Et3N and KOH was investigated. The reactions proceed stereospecifically to form alkyl 1-phthalimidocyclopropane-r-1,t-2-dicarboxylates. In alcohols, the reactions are accompanied by transesterification. The concerted mechanism accounting for the stereospecificity of these reactions is proposed. 相似文献
7.
We describe the first example of a catalytic enantioselective intermolecular reductive aldol reaction. Three types of reactions were studied: (1) reactions between acetophenone and methyl acrylate; (2) reactions between symmetric ketones and β-substituted α,β-unsaturated esters; and (3) reactions between acetophenone derivatives and an allenic ester. Although only moderate enantioselectivity was obtained in the first reaction type, high to excellent enantioselectivity was realized in the enantio-induction at the α-position in the second reaction type and at the δ-position in the third reaction type. Specifically, the third reaction type afforded the corresponding tertiary alcohols with up to 99% ee. Pre-activation of the nucleophile by silyl enolate formation is not necessary in these one-pot catalytic enantioselective reductive aldol reactions. 相似文献
8.
A kinetic study is reported for reactions of Y-substituted phenyl X-substituted cinnamates (1a-e and 3a-g) and benzoates (2a-e and 4a-g) with a series of alicyclic secondary amines in 80 mol % H2O/20 mol % DMSO at 25.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C. Reactions of 2,4-dinitrophenyl X-substituted cinnamates (1a-e) and benzoates (2a-e) with amines result in linear Yukawa-Tsuno plots. The rho(X) values are much smaller for the reactions of 1a-e than for those of 2a-e. A distance effect and the nature of the reaction mechanism (i.e., a concerted mechanism for 1a-e) have been suggested to be responsible for the small rho(X) values. The Br?nsted-type plots for the reactions of 2,4-dinitrophenyl X-substituted cinnamates (1a, 1c, and 1e) with amines are curved with a decreasing betanuc value from 0.65 to 0.3-0.4. The reactions of Y-substituted phenyl cinnamates (3a-g) with morpholine also result in a curved Br?nsted plot, while the corresponding reactions of Y-substituted phenyl benzoates (4a-e) exhibit a linear Br?nsted plot. It has been concluded that the curved Br?nsted plots found for the reactions of the cinnamates (1a, 1c, 1e, and 3a-g) are not due to a change in the rate-determining step (RDS) but due to a normal Hammond effect for a concerted mechanism, that is, an earlier transition state (TS) for a more reactive amine or substrate. 相似文献
9.
对近十年来报道的在有机合成中有重要意义的光诱导电子转移反应做了简要的总结. 包括六个部分: (1)光诱导电子转移(PET)反应的基本原理, (2) PET诱导的自由基离子裂解和去保护基反应, (3) PET诱导的加成和环加成反应, (4) PET诱导的环化反应和串联环化反应, (5)不对称PET反应, (6)微反应器中的PET反应. 相似文献
10.
On-resin S(N)Ar reactions were performed to prepare the macrocyclic beta-turn mimics 1a-n (Scheme 1 and Table 1). These reactions occurred more efficiently than completely analogous macrocyclization reactions that do not involve an iodinated aromatic electrophile. The synthesis was also modified to allow introduction of an alkyne via a solid-phase Sonogashira reaction (giving compound 2, Scheme 2) and an aryne via a solid-phase Suzuki reaction (giving compound 3, Scheme 2). Conformational analyses of three illustrative compounds, i.e., 1i, 2, and 3, were performed using a combination of NMR, circular dichroism, and computer-aided molecular simulation methods. Overall, the preferred conformations of all three molecules tended to be type-I-like beta-turns, but for compound 3 interaction of the electron cloud of the aryl substituent with the oxygen lone pairs seems to cause differences in the preferred orientation of the turn frameworks. This study illustrates how iodinated electrophiles can be used in solid-phase S(N)Ar reactions to increase the molecular and conformational diversity in a library. 相似文献
11.
Straightforward access to a new class of d-gulo- and d-allo-derived directly linked (1-->3)-imino-C-disaccharides by means of cycloaddition reactions of enantiopure polyhydroxylated pyrroline N-oxides with isolevoglucosenone is reported. The cycloaddition reactions display a high level of double asymmetric induction, which allows a partial kinetic resolution of a racemic nitrone. [reaction: see text] 相似文献
12.
Unlike in conventional organic solvents where transition metal catalysts are required, decaborane olefin-hydroboration reactions have been found to proceed in biphasic ionic-liquid/toluene mixtures with a wide variety of olefins, including alkyl, alkenyl, halo, phenyl, ether, ester, pinacolborane, ketone, and alcohol-substituted olefins, and these reactions now provide simple high-yield routes to 6-R-B10H13 derivatives. Best results were observed for reactions with bmimX (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, X = Cl(-) or BF4(-)) and bmpyX (1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium, X = Cl(-) or BF4(-)). Both the experimental data for these reactions and separate studies of the reactions of B10H13(-) salts with olefins indicate a reaction sequence involving (1) the ionic-liquid-promoted formation of the B10H13(-) anion as the essential initial step, (2) the addition of the B10H13(-) anion to the olefin to form a 6-R-B10H12(-) anion, and finally, (3) protonation of 6-R-B10H12(-) to form the final neutral 6-R-B10H13 product. The 6-R-B10H13 derivatives also undergo ionic-liquid-mediated dehydrogenative alkyne-insertion reactions in biphasic bmimCl/toluene mixtures, and these reactions provide high yield routes to 3-R-1,2-R' 2-1,2-C2B10H9 ortho-carborane derivatives. 相似文献
13.
This article describes the design and optimization of an effective organocatalytic three-component domino alpha-methylenation/Diels-Alder reaction to produce vinyl-substituted cyclohexenecarboxaldehydes in a highly regioselective fashion. In these one-pot transformations, 2-formyl-1,3-butadienes (4) were prepared in situ from alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes and formalin and were subsequently trapped with a variety of buta-1,3-dienes. The outcomes of the reactions were dependent on the electronic properties of the dienes. 1-Vinylcyclohexenecarbaldehydes 6 were formed by use of acyclic electron-rich dienes, while the initially formed cycloadducts of 4 with cyclopentadiene underwent Cope rearrangements, leading to the formation of tetrahydro-3H-indene-5-carbaldehyde compounds 7. The mechanisms involved in these reactions were deduced from experimental findings. Furthermore, the method was also extended to one-pot domino methylenation/Diels-Alder reactions of dihydrofurans and dihydropyrans to yield spirocyclic lactols 22. In these reactions, the unstable intermediate hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl acroleins behaved as dienophiles, undergoing cycloaddition reactions with dienes with good yields and selectivities. The wide variety of functionalized 1-vinylcyclohex-3-enecarbaldehydes 6, 4-vinylcyclohex-1-enecarbaldehydes 7, and spiro lactols 22 generated through the use of these organocatalytic domino processes as a diversity-oriented synthesis provided useful intermediates for the construction of novel odorants. 相似文献
14.
There are three types of foreign body reactions to plastic implants: 1) reactions due to physical characteristics of the implant, 2) reactions due directly to chemical properties of the implant, and 3) immune reactions. Responses which vary with the physical properties of the implant are epithelial encapsulation of the plastic, epithelial keratinization in cutaneous implants, thickening of the connective tissue fibrous capsule, formation of ground substance, and the presence of giant cells. Responses related directly to chemical toxicity of the plastic are epithelial hypertrophy (with mild irritants), inhibition of epithelial growth (with more toxic irritants), connective tissue inflammation, accumulation of a cellular glycoproteins, and vacuolization of host tissue. Finally, reactions due to infection or the presence of other antigens are characterized by inhibition of epithelial growth, invasion of epithelium by leukocytes, and proliferation of inflammatory tissue with a large population of plasma and other round cells. There is always a tissue response to a plastic implant, even when the material is chemically inert. However, with use of a suitable design and a chemically inert material, and with sterile conditions, plastic implants with only minimal host tissue response may be achieved. Infection, not physical (design) or chemical properties, remains the primary problem with current implantation procedures. 相似文献
15.
Stereospecific coupling of a pentadienyl chain to C.1 of daunosamine followed by Diels-Alder reactions with quinones gave a new synthesis of C-glycosides, including the first intermediates to anthracycline C-glycosyl isosteres. 相似文献
16.
Helio G. Bonacorso Carson W. WiethanChaiene R. Belo Maiara C. MoraesMarcos A.P. Martins Nilo Zanatta 《Tetrahedron letters》2014
The results of allylation reactions employing allylaluminum reagents are described for 5-substituted (2,6-difluorobenzyl)-4-trifluoro(chloro)acetyl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles (1), in which the 5-substituents are H, Me, and Ph. The allylating reagents were generated in situ by the catalytic insertion of aluminum into allyl and crotyl bromides (2), in order to furnish a new series of twelve trihalomethyl triazolyl homoallylic alcohols (3) at yields of up to 94%. The excellent reactivity of these organoallyl reagents is highlighted as an economical alternative to the indium-mediated reactions to produce homoallylic alcohols, which are important building blocks in organic synthesis. 相似文献
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18.
Sarish SP Sen SS Roesky HW Objartel I Stalke D 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2011,47(25):7206-7208
Herein we report on the reactions of the stable LSiCl (1) and LGeCl (2) [L = PhC(NtBu)(2)] with L(1)Ge, [L(1) = CH{(C[double bond, length as m-dash]CH(2))(CMe)(2,6-iPr(2)C(6)H(3)N)(2)}] (3) to yield 1-sila-5-germylene (4) and a 1,5-bis(germylene) (5). The reactions proceed through the 1,4 nucleophilic addition of the M-Cl (M = Si or Ge) to 3 without any modification of the oxidation state although the change of the oxidation state is thermodynamically more favorable. Compounds 4 and 5 were investigated by single crystal X-ray structural analyses, multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy, and micro-analysis. Treatment of L(1)AlMe·thf (6) with 1 resulted in the formation of the 1-sila-5-aluminium complex (7). The complex contains a Si(II) and an Al(III) atom in the molecule. All reported reactions proceed without changing the oxidation states at the metal centers. 相似文献
19.
A new, efficient synthesis of oligosaccharides, which involves solid‐phase reactions without mixing in combination with an orthogonal‐glycosylation strategy, is described. Despite a great deal of biological interest, the combinatorial chemistry of oligosaccharides is an extremely difficult subject. The problems include 1) lengthy synthetic protocols required for the synthesis and 2) the variety of glycosylation conditions necessary for individual reactions. These issues were addressed and solved by using the orthogonal‐coupling protocol and the application of a temperature gradient to provide appropriate conditions for individual reactions. Furthermore, we succeeded in carrying out solid‐phase reactions with neither mechanical mixing nor flow. In this report, the synthesis of a series of trisaccharides, namely, α/β‐L ‐Fuc‐(1→6)‐α/β‐D ‐Gal‐(1→2/3/4/6)‐α/β‐D ‐Glc‐octyl, is reported to demonstrate the eligibility of the synthetic method in combinatorial chemistry. 相似文献
20.
[Ru(2,6-Cl(2)TPP)(CO)] catalyzed intramolecular coupling reactions of bisdiazoacetates and intermolecular coupling reactions of monodiazoacetates to afford the coupling products in up to 76% and 93% yields, respectively. Only the cis isomers were obtained from the reactions. Employing such a ruthenium-catalyzed coupling reaction of a diazo compound as a key step allowed the synthesis of Patulolide B in 67% yield with a ratio of >40:1 against its trans isomer. 相似文献