Working group report: Neutrino and astroparticle physics

This is the report of neutrino and astroparticle physics working group at WHEPP-8. We present the discussions carried out during the workshop on selected topics in the above fields and also indicate progress made subsequently. The neutrino physics subgroup studied the possibilities of constraining neutrino masses, mixing and CPT violation in lepton sector from future experiments. Neutrino mass models in the context of Abelian horizontal symmetries, warped extra dimensions and in the presence of triplet Higgs were studied. Effect of threshold corrections on radiative magnification of mixing angles was investigated. The astroparticle physics subgroup focused on how various particle physics inputs affect the CMBR fluctuation spectrum, and on brane cosmology. This report also contains an introduction on how to use the publicly available code CMBFAST to calculate the CMBR fluctuations.     

MiniBooNE overview and status

Recent discoveries in the neutrino sector have opened a new frontier in highenergy physics and cosmology. Evidence from neutrino oscillation experiments from around the world indicate that neutrinos oscillate between their different flavours and therefore may have mass. In addition, results from solar and atmospheric neutrino experiments as well as the accelerator neutrino experiment, LSND, cannot all be explained with the three standard model neutrinos. Is this new physics or is there some other explanation? The MiniBooNE experiment presently taking data at Fermilab is designed to address the LSND signal and answer this question. Progress on the MiniBooNE experiment will be presented and prospects for the future will be discussed.     

太阳中微子问题与非标准电弱模型

非标准电弱模型似乎可以说明长达二十几年的太阳中微子问题，３类不同味的中微子可以彼此振荡地转变．但这个模型要求中微子必须具有质量，从而将带来粒子物理学沉重而激动人心的变革．新的实验正在探索发现中微子振荡的证据     

2002年度诺贝尔物理奖

对2002年度的诺贝尔物理奖和中微子天文学以及一些相关的有趣问题作了比较详细的介绍。介绍了太阳中微子短缺之谜以及长达三四十年的奋斗历程;SN1987A中微子的发现以及最近太阳中微子短缺之谜的解决。还介绍了X射线天文学的发现和进展。现在,X射线天文学已经发展成为可与光学天文学、射电天文学媲美的一门举足轻重的学科。     

Atmospheric neutrinos and discovery of neutrino oscillations

Neutrino oscillation was discovered through studies of neutrinos produced by cosmic-ray interactions in the atmosphere. These neutrinos are called atmospheric neutrinos. They are produced as decay products in hadronic showers resulting from collisions of cosmic rays with nuclei in the atmosphere. Electron-neutrinos and muon-neutrinos are produced mainly by the decay chain of charged pions to muons to electrons. Atmospheric neutrino experiments observed zenith-angle and energy dependent deficit of muon-neutrino events. Neutrino oscillations between muon-neutrinos and tau-neutrinos explain these data well. Neutrino oscillations imply that neutrinos have small but non-zero masses. The small neutrino masses have profound implications to our understanding of elementary particle physics and the Universe. This article discusses the experimental discovery of neutrino oscillations.     

Singletons and Neutrinos

The first half is a rapid review of 30 years of work on physics in anti-de Sitter space, with heavy emphasis on singletons. Principal topics are the kinematical basis for regarding singletons as the constituents of massless particles, and the effect of (negative) curvature in the infrared domain. Ideas that lead to an alternative to Big Bang cosmology are merely sketched. The second half presents new ideas inspired by experimental results on neutrino oscillations. Since leptons are massless before symmetry breaking it is natural to view them as composite states consisting of one Bose singleton (the Rac) and one Fermi singleton (the Di). This gives rise to a particular formulation of the phenomenology of electroweak physics, and strong suggestions for an expansion of the Standard Model. An expansion of the Higgs sector seems inevitable, and flavor changing symmetry, complete with a new set of heavy vector mesons, is a very attractive possibility.     

Neutrino astronomy: Present and future

I briefly review the present and future status of the burgeoning field of neutrino astronomy. I outline the astrophysics and particle physics goals, design, and performance of the various current and proposed neutrino telescopes. Also described are present results and future expectations.     

Leptonic flavor and CP violation

Recent neutrino oscillation data teach us that the neutrinos have masses and that they mix. We discuss two ways that can be used to probe other non-standard leptonic physics. We show that non-standard neutrino interaction can be probed in neutrino oscillation experiments and discuss sneutrino-antisneutrino mixing.     

θ_(13) and the Higgs Mass from High Scale Supersymmetry

In the framework in which supersymmetry is used for understanding fermion masses rather than stabilizing the electroweak scale, we elaborate on the phenomenological analysis for the neutrino physics. A relatively large sinθ13 0.13 is naturally obtained. The model further predicts vanishingly small CP violation in neutrino oscillations. While the high scale supersymmetry generically results in a Higgs mass of about 141 GeV, our model reduces this mass to 126 GeV via introducing SU(2)L triplet fields which make the electroweak vacuum metastable (with a safe lifetime) and also contribute to neutrino masses.     

中微子振荡实验——超出标准模型的实验检验（Ⅰ）

文章总结了中微子振荡实验在历史和现状,介绍了几个太阳中微子丢失实验的结果和几个大气μ中微子丢失实验结果,这些结果表明存在中微子振荡,即中微子具有质量,它是超出标准模型的信号,文章还介绍了21世纪初研究中微子振荡和若干重要实验,噬基线中微子振荡实验以及建造μ子贮存环来产生高能电子中微子束进行中微子振荡的实验以及测量中微子振荡时的CP破坏的设想。     

Working group report: Neutrino physics

This is the report of the neutrino physics working group at WHEPP-X. We summarize the problems selected and discussed at the workshop and the papers which have resulted subsequently.      

Precision measurements and tau neutrino physics in a future accelerator neutrino experiment

We investigate prospects of building a future accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiment in China, including site selection, beam optimization and tau neutrino physics aspects. CP violation, non-unitary mixing and non-standard neutrino interactions are discussed. We simulate neutrino beam setups based on muon and beta decay techniques and compare Chinese laboratory sites by their expected sensitivities. A case study on the Super Proton–Proton Collider and the China JinPing Laboratory is also presented. It is shown that the muon-decay-based beam setup can measure the Dirac CP phase by about 14.2° precision at 1σ CL, whereas non-unitarity can be probed down to ∣α_ij∣ ≲ 0.37 (i ≠ j = 1, 2, 3) and non-standard interactions to $| {\epsilon }_{{\ell }{\ell }^{\prime} }^{m}| \lesssim $ 0.11 (${\ell }\ne {\ell }^{\prime} =e$, μ, τ) at 90% CL, respectively.     

Neutrino Phenomenology of a High Scale Supersymmetry Model

CP violation in the lepton sector, and other aspects of neutrino physics, are studied within a high scale supersymmetry model. In addition to the sneutrino vacuum expectation values(VEVs), the heavy vector-like triplet also contributes to neutrino masses. Phases of the VEVs of relevant fields, complex couplings, and Zino mass are considered.The approximate degeneracy of neutrino masses m_(ν1) and m_(ν2) can be naturally understood. The neutrino masses are then normal ordered, ～ 0.020 eV, 0.022 eV, and 0.054 eV. Large CP violation in neutrino oscillations is favored. The effective Majorana mass of the electron neutrino is about 0.02 eV.     

Possible CP-violation effects in core-collapse supernovae

We study CP-violation effects when neutrinos are present in dense matter, such as outside the proto-neutron star formed in a core-collapse supernova. Using general arguments based on the Standard Model, we confirm that there are no CP-violating effects at the tree level on the electron neutrino and anti-neutrino fluxes in a core-collapse supernova. On the other hand significant effects can be obtained for muon and tau neutrinos even at the tree level. We show that CP-violating effects can be present in the supernova electron (anti-)neutrino fluxes as well, if muon and tau neutrinos have different fluxes at the neutrinosphere. Such differences could arise due to physics beyond the Standard Model, such as the presence of flavor-changing interactions.     

Lepton Flavor Violating Z →lIlJ in SO（3） Gauge Extension of SM

The SO（3） gauge extension of SM, which is proposed to present a successful explanation for the observed small masses of neutrino and the nearly tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing, predicted the vector-like SO（3） triplet Majorana neutrinos and SUL（2） double Higgs bosons. In this work we calculate branching ratios of the charged lepton flavor violating decays lIlJV （V = γ, Z） induced by these Majorana neutrinos and Higgs bosons. We find that under the model parameters constrained by experimental bounds on the decays Z →lIlJ, the branching ratio of decays lI→lJγ can be up to 10^-10, which may be accessible at the future experiments.     

Neutrino oscillation beyond the Standard Model

A short review of the theory of neutrino oscillation for non-standard neutrino interaction (NSI) which may exist at low energy is presented. Depending on the NSI, initial neutrino states can be mixed and final oscillation rates not necessarily factorize.