基于脉冲CO2激光锡等离子体光刻光源的极紫外辐射光谱特性研究

研究了不同条件下脉冲放电CO₂激光烧蚀平板锡靶产生的等离子体极紫外辐射特性, 设计并建立了一套掠入射极紫外平焦场光栅光谱仪, 结合X射线CCD探测了光源在6.5～16.8 nm波段的时间积分辐射光谱,得到了极紫外光谱随激光脉宽, 入射脉冲能量及背景气压的变化规律。实验结果发现：入射激光脉冲能量在30～600 mJ变化时,极紫外辐射光谱的强度随辐照激光脉冲能量的增加而增加, 但并不是线性关系, 具有饱和效应, 且产生极紫外辐射的脉冲能量阈值约为30 mJ,当激光脉冲能量为425 mJ时具有最高的转换效率,此时中心波长13.5 nm处2%带宽内的转换效率约为1.2%。激光脉冲半高全宽在50～120 ns范围内变化时, 极紫外辐射光谱的峰值位置均位于13.5 nm,光谱形状几乎没有什么变化, 但是脉宽从120 ns变到52 ns后,由于激光功率密度的提高,极紫外辐射强度也随之增强了约1.6倍。极紫外光谱的强度随背景气压的增大而迅速下降, 当腔内空气气压为200 Pa时, 极紫外辐射光子几乎被全部吸收,而当缓冲氦气气压为7×104 Pa时,仍能够探测到微弱的极紫外辐射信号,计算表明100 Pa的空气对13.5 nm极紫外光的吸收系数为3.0 m-1,而100 Pa的He气的吸收系数为0.96 m-1。     

Generation of cyclotron radiation by light holes in germanium

The properties of the light hole cyclotron resonance laser are studied in detail. The emission spectrum and the tuning characteristics are analysed. Two regions of continuously tunable stimulated emission between 30 to 50 cm^–1 and 70 to 90 cm^–1 are found. Besides the time behaviour of the emission the spectral gain is measured for the first time with the help of a secondp-Ge laser, A gain value of 0.2 cm^–1 is found, which is significantly larger than the value found for the light to heavy hole laser. An application of the tunable laser is demonstrated by measuring the central cell splitting the photoconductivity signal of shallow donors inn-GaAs.     

Spectral characteristics of a Yb-doped Y<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> ceramic laser

We report the experimental observation of random wavelength emission and intensity-dependent central-wavelength shift in a diode-pumped Yb³⁺-doped Y₂O₃ ceramic laser. We show experimentally that, like conventional lasers, the emission of the laser has fixed well-defined transverse modes; however, its instantaneous emission wavelengths change randomly with time. The central wavelength of the laser emission also shifts with the intracavity light intensity. A model was developed to describe the spectral behavior of Yb³⁺-doped lasers. We show that the observed random wavelength emission and central lasing wavelength shift of the laser could be well explained based on the strong reabsorption of light in the gain medium. PACS 42.55.Rz; 42.60.Mi; 42.55.Xi     

基于太赫兹量子阱探测器的太赫兹量子级联激光器发射谱研究

采用一个光谱匹配的太赫兹(THz)量子阱探测器(QWP)研究了一激射频率约为41 THz的THz量子级联激光器(QCL)在不同驱动电流下的发射谱,分析了测量得到的发射谱谱型和谱峰位置,根据测量的发射谱估算了太赫兹量子级联激光器发射功率随驱动电流变化的情况,从而得到了THz QCL激射的电流密度范围及其阈值电流密度.文中还研究了THz QWP在不同温度下对THz QCL 激光辐射的响应特性.研究结果表明,THz QWP在表征THz QCL的发射谱方面是一种很好的探测器,并有望成为未来THz通信中的接收装置. 关键词： 太赫兹量子阱探测器 太赫兹量子级联激光器 太赫兹通信 Fourier变换红外光谱     

Transition radiation from rough surfaces

The light emission of normally incident 77 keV electrons on silver surfaces of different roughness has been investigated. The roughness was quantitatively determined by measuring the scattered light of a normally incident laser beam. In addition to the transition radiation, which is expected for smooth surfaces, light emission of surface plasmons via surface roughness occurs. The shape and the intensity of the spectral distribution of this emission show a characteristic change with the surface roughness.     

Pulsed alkali pump light sources for Nd:YAG lasers

Pulsed arc discharges in alkali metal vapours are investigated for use as pump light sources for Nd:YAG lasers. Alkali lamps have a very high radiation efficiency and emit strong lines near the laser pump bands. These absorption bands are fitted by the emission spectrum of sodium and potassium lamps by changing the vapour pressure and input power. The spectral radiation distributions of the lamps are measured by a spectrograph with a gated OMA system. Ray tracing calculations for a laser cavity are used to evaluate the efficiency of the alkali radiation emission for Nd:YAG pumping. The results show that the excitation efficiency of the alkali lamps is twice as high as that of usually used rare gas lamps. For sodium resonance lines the side-on spectral radiance is calculated by a radiation transport model to estimate the pressure and the temperature profile. The results indicate that the alkali vapour lamps could be used as pump light sources with high efficiencies and low heat loading of the laser cavity.     

Confocal optical beam induced current microscopy of light-emitting diodes with a white-light supercontinuum source

To improve the efficiency of confocal optical beam induced current (OBIC) and the non-destructive, high-resolution analysis of semiconductor media we report the application of a white-light supercontinuum laser source capable of confocal OBIC across a wide spectral range. To demonstrate the capability of this source, we performed confocal OBIC of light emitting diodes with varying absorption and emission properties in the visible spectrum. Using the wavelength flexibility afforded by the broadband laser source, we were able to determine and apply the optimum excitation wavelength range for efficient confocal OBIC instead of applying inferior fixed wavelength laser sources. PACS 87.64.Tt; 85.30.De     

Miniaturized highly brilliant diode laser modules for future display applications

We demonstrate diode laser modules with high spectral radiance larger than 1 GW/cm²/sr/nm in the visible spectral range. These highly brilliant laser light sources enable the development of next-generation 3D displays. About 1W output power from small-sized modules was achieved at 635 nm by direct diode laser emission and at 530 nm using single pass second harmonic generation (SHG) of a highly brilliant near-infrared laser diode.     

Passive mode-locking upon limitation of the spectral width of a laser emission

An analysis is presented of passive locking of modes in lasers with an additional intracavity element that limits the spectral width of a laser emission due to frequency dispersion of an order higher than quadratic. It is found that spectral limitation of this type may give rise to a multiple-pulse regime of passive mode-locking. The laser mode of operation established after a transient process, in this case, appears to be multistable, with the number of pulses per axial period being dependent on the initial conditions of the lasing. It is shown that the dependence of the number of pulses on the pump power is of hysteretic character. The theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are carried out using an equation close to the Ginzburg-Landau equation. Specifically, the nonlinear losses and nonlinear refractive index are supposed to be inertia-less and proportional to the light intensity; the frequency dispersion of the gain and the refractive index are approximated by a quadratic dependence; and the frequency-dependent losses related to the additional spectral limitation of the laser emission are determined by fourth-order frequency dispersion. The possibility of using the characteristic features of mode-locking predicted for control of regimes of formation and propagation of ultrashort light pulses is discussed.     

Generalized transfer function: A simple model applied to active single-mode microring resonators

The spectral properties of an active single-mode microring resonator are investigated in the frame of the generalized transfer function (GTF) approach, as derived from extended scattering and/or transfer matrix formalism. Spontaneous emission, looked upon as the driving source of the radiation, is described in a semi-classical way in the spectral domain. The internal and emitted fields are filtered into the resonance modes of the whole structure. The generalized transfer function expresses the spectral density of internal saturating intensity and includes all essential mechanisms at work in a laser oscillator: gain, losses and sources. The active zone is saturated through amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), integrated over its whole spectral range. Continuously valid across threshold, the method enables one to derive in a simple way the main steady-state properties of the laser oscillation, with the pumping rate as the only external parameter.     

Simulation of InGaN violet and ultraviolet multiple-quantum-well laser diodes

Optical properties of the InGaN violet and ultraviolet multiple-quantum-well laser diodes are numerically studied with a self-consistent simulation program. Specifically, the performance of the laser diodes of various active region structures, operating in a spectral range from 385 to 410 nm, are investigated and compared. The simulation results indicate that the double-quantum-well laser structure with a peak emission wavelength of 385–410 nm has the lowest threshold current. The characteristic temperature of the single-quantum-well laser structure increases as the peak emission wavelength increases. The triple-quantum-well structure has the largest characteristic temperature when the peak emission wavelength is shorter than 405 nm, while the double-quantum-well structure possesses the largest characteristic temperature when the peak emission wavelength is larger than 405 nm.     

Backward supercontinuum emission from a filament generated by ultrashort laser pulses in air

Backward emission of the supercontinuum from a light filament induced by high-intensity femtosecond laser pulses propagating in air has been observed to be enhanced compared with linear Rayleigh-Mie scattering. This enhancement is interpreted as a nonlinear scattering process onto longitudinal refractive-index changes induced by the laser pulse itself. The spectral dependence of the supercontinuum angular distribution is also investigated.     

半导体激光船舶号灯颜色属性的设计与仿真

为了提高现行船舶号灯在复杂光环境中的可识别性,更好地保障船舶夜航安全,运用色度学及半导体激光器的发光原理,设计了一种新型船舶号灯。选取长度大于等于50 m的机动船的右舷灯和桅灯为实验对象,在三维实体建模软件（Lighttools）环境下建立右舷灯和桅灯的实体模型,并对这2种号灯的半导体激光器光谱区波长、光谱权重、功率、光线数量、光线追迹阈值等参数进行设置,模拟了不同接收距离处灯光的颜色属性。模拟结果表明:半导体激光号灯右舷灯颜色刺激纯度为1;半导体激光号灯中桅灯光色的色品坐标与参考白光（色品坐标为（1/3,1/3））接近,二者均符合《国际海上避碰规则》对号灯颜色属性的要求。     

Laser intracavity absorption spectroscopy

Emission spectra of multimode lasers are very sensitive to spectrally selective extinction in their cavity. This phenomenon allows the quantitative measurement of absorption. The sensitivity of measurements of intracavity absorption grows with the laser pulse duration. The ultimate sensitivity obtained with a cw laser is set by various perturbations of the light coherence, such as quantum noise, Rayleigh scattering, four-wave mixing by population pulsations, and stimulated Brillouin scattering. It depends on the particular laser type used, and on its operative parameters, for example pump power, cavity loss, cavity length, and length of the gain medium. Nonlinear mode-coupling dominates the dynamics of lasers that feature a thin gain medium, such as dye lasers, whereas Rayleigh scattering is more important in lasers with a long gain medium, such as doped fibre lasers, or the Ti:sapphire laser. The highest sensitivity so far has been obtained with a cw dye laser. It corresponds to 70000 km effective length of the absorption path. The ultimate spectral resolution is determined by the spectral width of mode emission, which is 0.7 Hz in this dye laser. High sensitivity and high temporal and spectral resolution allow various practical applications of laser intracavity spectroscopy, such as measurements and simulations of atmospheric absorption, molecular and atomic spectroscopy, process control, isotope separation, study of free radicals and chemical reactions, combustion diagnostics, spectroscopy of excited states and nonlinear processes, measurements of gain and of spectrally narrow light emission. Intracavity absorption in single-mode lasers shows enhanced sensitivity as well, although not as high as in multimode lasers. Received: 10 May 1999 / Published online: 29 July 1999     

Possibility of using lasers for spectral analysis of copper-base alloys

Recent studies have shown that it is possible to use lasers for emission spectral analysis [1–3], The focused laser beam vaporizes and excites the atoms of the sample. The possibilities of this new light source for spectral analysis are the subject of the present paper.Presented at the 16th All-Union Conference on Applied Spectroscopy on 28 January 1965.     

中红外波长可调谐激光器及其在葡萄糖检测中的应用

提出一种激光器发射波长和功率控制与稳定的方法,研制出波长范围在9.19~9.77 μm,可应用于葡萄糖检测的中红外波长可调谐CO₂激光器,发射光谱半波宽度为4 cm-1,光谱分辨率达到2.7×104,最高功率为800 mW,功率波动性＜0.8%。根据葡萄糖在中红外指纹谱波段的吸收特性,选择激光器发射光谱9R和9P带的1 081,1 076,1 051,1 041和1 037 cm-1作为测量波长,利用ATR传感器测量了PBS溶液中葡萄糖浓度。结果表明五个测量波长下的吸收度与葡萄糖浓度呈现良好的线性关系(R2＞0.99,SD＜0.000 4,P＜0.000 1),且该波长可调谐激光光谱测量系统的灵敏度是传统FTIR光谱仪的4倍左右。     

Nonlinear mixing between the emission of a cw laser and a femtosecond laser

We mix the emission of a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser with the emission of a continuous wave infrared laser in a beta-barium borate crystal. Green light with a center wavelength of 527 nm and a spectral width of 2.5 nm resulting from sum frequency generation is detected. An intensity study verifies that a nonlinear χ⁽²⁾ process is at the origin of the green light generation. The experimentally obtained conversion efficiency of 7 × 10⁻¹⁰ is in good agreement to simple theoretical considerations.     

大气压中频氩∕丙酮等离子体发射光谱诊断

目前, 等离子体发射光谱应用于中频丙酮等离子体的研究鲜有报道。自建大气压氩∕丙酮喷射中频交流放电等离子体装置, 采用HR2000光纤光栅光谱仪对放电光谱进行记录, 并对实验中的光谱信号进行分析诊断。研究结果说明, 对大气压环境下, 使用氩气为“载气”, 对可挥发有机溶剂进行等离子发射光谱分析是一种可行的技术; 大气压下丙酮等离子体的活性成分和真空环境下丙酮等离子体产生的活性成分有很大区别, 氧元素对两种气压下等离子体活性成分有很大改变; 这种诊断方法对大气压下挥发性有机试剂的等离子体化学反应原理的研究, 有重要的指导意义。此外, 文中展示了大气压下丙酮沉积膜在两种光源下的形貌图, 结果说明在一定实验条件下得到了连续的沉积膜。     

用于高功率激光系统的氟磷玻璃

本文在研究各组分对玻璃光谱及物理性质影响的基础上,制定了实用玻璃组成及工艺.结果表明,氟磷玻璃具有良好的激光和物化性能.唯一遗留的问题是玻璃中的夹杂物,正努力解决.     

Spatial and spectral characteristics of laser-field synchrotron radiation

The spatial and spectral characteristics of laser-field synchrotron radiation (LSR) are investigated. The results show that LSR is emitted normal to the laser axis and emission in the X-ray wavelength can be obtained by increasing the intensity of the laser pulse and the initial energy of the electron. The unique feature offered by the laser-field synchrotron radiation (LSR) makes them a promising compact source of light at shorter wavelengths.