化学实验报告中“实验反思”的2种评价方法

运用开放试题的质性评价方法PTA量表和SOLO分类理论优化中学生实验报告中的“实验反思”的评价,构建化学实验反思评价的PTA量表与SOLO分类水平,为教师改进批改实验报告和评价学生实验操作提供参考。     

基于TBL教学法和GRAPA评价体系的有机化学教学改革

在临床医学专业有机化学课程教学和成绩评价过程中分别采用基于团队的教学法和GRAPA评价法。教学改革结果表明,教改组学生的学习兴趣、对教学活动的参与程度及对课程的满意程度均较高;对照组和教改组的有机化学课程平均成绩分别为76.3分和87.9分,t检验（p<0.01）说明2个组的成绩具有显著性差异,教改组平均分和90分以上人数明显多于对照组。可见,新的教学方法和成绩评价方式有利于激发学生学习兴趣,培养学生自主学习能力和全面、客观地评价学习效果。     

化学实验报告的PTA量表评价

PTA量表是一种开放性试题的质性评价方法,有助于建立一个清晰而明确的实验报告评分标准。编制化学实验报告的PTA量表,要先根据不同的实验类型,确定评价的基本要素;并以学生在报告中的实际表现为基础,确定各要素的等级水平和标准;最后通过试行量表,不断修改和完善,形成有效的评价体系。     

高中化学实验性作业的实施与评价

以“趣味原电池的设计”为例,选取上海某中学高一年级学生为研究对象,介绍了基于视频拍摄的实验性作业的设计和实施,并利用PTA（Primary Trait Analysis）量表进行表现性评价,以此巩固学生的化学理论知识,提升其化学综合实验能力。     

地方高校有机化学实验评价方式概述与实践

有机化学实验实践性强、耗时长、危险系数高,所以制定科学合理的成绩评定体系具有重要意义。传统评价方式主要采用实验过程与实验报告相结合,该评价方式存在评价主体单一、方式单一、标准模糊、内容单一等问题,明显与新型人才培养要求有差距。因此,评价方式改革与创新势在必行。本文首先系统梳理了当前地方高校有机化学实验不同的评价方式,包括综合评价方式、指标评价方式、竞赛模式评价方式、多元化评价方式以及形成性评价方式等。其次,详细介绍了我校有机化学实验“三阶段五维度”的评价方式,该方式充分利用课前、课中、课后三个阶段,以培养会查阅、会设计、会操作、会写作、会主持的“五会”应用型人才为中心。最后,本文通过梳理不同评价方法,旨在为后续构建更科学的有机化学实验评价体系提供参考借鉴,更好地服务于人才培养。     

阻垢剂阻BaSO4垢性能的电导滴定评价法

采用一种基于电导滴定原理的评价方法,通过测定电导滴定过程中不同阻垢剂在相同浓度下所能维持的BaSO4的最大相对过饱和度来评价阻垢性能。实验对阻垢剂聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)、聚天冬氨酸(PASP)、二亚乙基三胺五亚甲基膦(DEPTMP)、六偏磷酯钠(SHMP)阻BaSO4垢的性能分别采用了电导滴定法及静态阻垢法进行测定并比较。电导滴定法对阻垢剂阻BaSO4垢性能的测试结果表明,阻垢剂PESA、PASP、DTPMP和SHMP对BaSO4垢的阻垢能力大小为:PESA>PASP>DEPTMP>SHMP,这与静态阻垢法的实验结果一致,表明电导滴定法与静态阻垢法对阻垢剂阻BaSO4垢的评价结果具有一致性,电导滴定法评价阻垢剂对BaSO4垢的阻垢性能具有快速、简单、易行的优点。而且实验表明,电导滴定法的RSD为0.020,而静态阻垢法为0.069,说明电导滴定法的重现性优于静态阻垢法。该法还可用于评价阻垢剂对BaSO4垢的协同阻垢效应。     

化学教学设计能力评价量表的编制与应用研究

基于学科教学知识（PCK）编制化学教学设计能力评价量表，并对在职高中化学教师的教学设计能力进行评价，分析化学教师在教学设计中存在的问题，为提高在职高中化学教师教学设计能力提供有针对性的建议。研究表明：（1）高中化学教师在课程知识、学生知识及评价知识维度的项目上均处于未掌握等级；（2）高中化学教师在教学目标知识和教学策略知识维度的多个评价项目上处于基本掌握等级。     

高中生化学情意量表的编制及信效度分析

利用文献法结合开放式问卷调查等方法建立了高中生化学情意指标体系并编制了量表。用SPSS 21.0软件对预测试数据进行探索性因素分析,探索因子结构并命名,用AMOS 21软件进行验证性因素分析探讨了量表内部结构的合理性。内部一致性、Rulon分半信度、相关性检验分析显示了量表信度较高;项目与指标的相关系数、结构方程模型拟合分析显示了量表效度较高。通过大规模测试得出了相关结论。研究显示高中生化学情意量表可作为高中生化学情意的测量评价工具。     

高中化学新课程教学中的学业评价

学业评价是与教学过程同时进行且同等重要的过程。在教学实践中能够正确有效地实施学业评价,真正落实评价目标、评价内容、评价方式和评价主体等方面的变革,是新课程标准实验成功的重要保证。所以学业评价的改革需要我们从评价方式和手段的多样化;终结性评价与过程性评价并重;在评价内容和形式上更加开放和灵活等一些方面同时入手,从而使学业评价更加公平、全面和人性化,促进学生的个性发展,实现真正的发展性评价。     

有机化学实验课程目标达成评价及结果应用研究*

课程目标达成评价是专业人才培养目标与毕业要求达成评价的基础,是师范类专业认证工作中的重要考查内容之一。有机化学实验是化学专业的必修实践类课程,为合理评价该课程的教学质量及教学效果,以内江师范学院化学专业的有机化学实验课程为例,介绍了该课程的基本信息、课程目标及其对毕业要求指标点的支撑。从形成性评价和终结性评价、直接评价和间接评价、综合评价等方面详细介绍了课程目标达成评价过程及评价结果的应用,研究结果为相关课程的教学改革和教学质量评价提供参考。     

Evaluation of frontal chromatograms

A novel pressure-balanced injection valve was evaluated for use with ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) at pressures up to 120 MPa (1,200 bar). Fused-silica capillaries (30-33 cm x 100 microm I.D.) packed with nonporous 1.5 microm isohexylsilane-modified (C6) silica particles were employed to study maximum pressure, injection reproducibility, injection time, and sample amount consumed for an injection. The new valve was more reproducible, convenient, and required much less sample than previously used injection systems. The effect of column diameter on efficiency and sensitivity was studied. The 100 microm I.D. columns demonstrated approximately 40% lower efficiency but 10-fold higher sensitivity than the 29 microm I.D. columns. Columns packed with nonporous C6 particles produced higher efficiencies than columns packed with a 1.5 microm porous octadecylsilane-modified (C18) material.     

Evaluation of pulsed-stirring voltammetry

The technique of pulsed-stirring voltammetry at a stationary electrode, in which a current difference is measured between two degrees of stirring is described. The response of this technique is characterized with respect to concentration dependence, reproducibility, response tune, modulation frequency, detection limit, and other variables. Ascorbic acid, epinephrine, hexacyanoferrate(II), and dopamine were used as test systems. Calibration plots of current vs. concentration are linear. For ascorbic acid, the sensitivity is near 30 nA μM^-1. For hexacyanoferrate(II), the detection limit is near 0.24 μM. detection limit is near 0.24 μM.     

结合形成性与终结性评价的化学课程评价探索

针对近代化学基础(无机化学部分)课程传统考核方式中存在的问题,探讨建立"形成性评价(50%)+终结性评价(50%)"的考核方式并实践,其中形成性评价包括5项微考核:课后作业(10%)、微面试(10%)、微论文(10%)、随堂微练习(10%)、微演说(10%)。实践证明,形成性与终结性评价结合的课程考核体系促进了学生、教师与化学课程的协同发展。     

Evaluation of Fumonitest Immunoaffinity Columns

Abstract

A method for the determination of fumonisins B1 and B2 in corn was developed. The method involves sample extraction with methanol:water (80:20) and the use of a commercially available Fumonitest column for sample cleanup. The capacity, selectivity, column-to-column and lot-to-lot reproducibility of the Fumonitest columns were evaluated. The total capacity of the column was found to be 1.2 μg fumonisin. Both fumonisins B1 and B2 had an equal affinity toward the Fumonitest column, with the sample matrix demonstrating little effect on the column performance. The maximum sample size was 0.5 g for samples containing total fumonisins of less than 2 ppm. After elution from the immunoaffinity column, fumonisins B1 and B2 were reacted with naphthalene-2, 3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA) to produce a highly fluorescent derivative, 1-cyano-2-alkyl-benz[f]isoindole (CBI). The derivatives were then separated from the sample matrix on a reverse phase C-18 column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile:water:acetic acid (55:45:1) Average recoveries of fumonisins B1 and B2 from corn samples spiked at a level of 1000 ng (500ng B1 + 500ng B2)/g were 85.4 and 87.1%, respectively. The detection limit for B1 and B2 was estimated to be 10 and 4 ppb, respectively. The coefficient of variations for fumonisins B1 and B2 were determined to be 10.2% and 10.6%, respectively.     

高岭石插层效率评价

用基于X射线衍射分析(XRD)的插层率、基于热重分析(TGA)的热失重率和基于红外光谱分析(FTIR)的3 600 cm^-1谱带与3 700 cm^-1谱带强度比值对高岭石/二甲基亚砜(DMSO)插层复合物和高岭石/N-甲基甲酰胺(NMF)插层复合物的插层效率进行了综合评价。结果表明,当插层反应进行到1、6和25 d,高岭石/DMSO的插层率分别为5%、52%和89%;而高岭石/NMF的插层率则分别为93%、94%和95%。与此同时,高岭石/DMSO的热失重率分别为1.06%、8.06%和17.46%;而高岭石/NMF的失重率分别为6%、6.5%和14.2%。在红外光谱图中,高岭石/DMSO复合物的3 600与3 700 cm^-1带强度比分别为1.03,1.141和1.628,而高岭石/NMF复合物分别为1.403,1.433和1.612。3种评价方法显示很好的一致性,相对而言,在插层作用的初期,XRD方法比较灵敏,而在插层作用的后期,TGA和FTIR方法则显得更为灵敏和有效。     

Evaluation of GTO molecular integrals

Methods for evaluating the function F_m(t) occurring in molecular integrals over Gaussian-type orbitals are reviewed and extended. Formulas based on Bessel function and continued-fraction expansions are analyzed. The recommended evaluation procedures, embodied in a portable computer program, involve Padé approximations for various argument intervals and use recursion in m. The program is economical in storage requirements and faster than those in current use.     

Evaluation of non-adiabatic coupling integrals

The theoretical treatment of collisions of atoms and ions by means of a coupled state expansion requires the evaluation of matrix elements for the coupling of electronic and nuclear motion. It is shown that a stationary orbital expansion as opposed to the usual adiabatic expansion reduces most of the matrix elements to standard one-electron molecular integrals.     

Evaluation of triplet repulsion energies

The equation is suggested for predicting triplet repulsion energies. X=R–R^o, while R^o and¹V^o are the equilibrium bond length and the spectroscopic dissociation energy, respectively. Parameters and may be estimated from known bond properties.

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( X=R–R^o, a R^{o 1}V^o , . , .