复合型高效絮凝脱色剂处理印染废水的研究

选用自制的双氰胺甲醛作为絮凝脱色剂处理高浓度印染废水,并与硫酸铝、三氯化铝作了对比实验。考察了投加量、pH值、反应温度等因素对絮凝效果的影响。实验结果表明在用量较少并且其它操作条件相同的情况下,双氰胺甲醛制备的脱色絮凝剂具有很好的絮凝脱色效果及COD_(Cr)去除率。在最佳的操作条件下(投加量120 mg/L,pH=7,反应温度25℃),此脱色絮凝剂对分散、酸性、活性印染废水的COD_(Cr)去除率分别为79.1%、78.5%、79.0%,对分散、酸性、活性印染废水的脱色率分别为94.0%、97.1%、72.9%,减轻了后续处理难度。在与无机絮凝剂的对比试验中,在相同的条件下有机絮凝剂的处理效果总体比无机絮凝剂的处理效果好。     

絮凝剂P(DMDAAC/DMC/IA/FA)处理印染和钻井废水的研究

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)、衣康酸(IA)、富马酸(FA)以不同配比共聚合成絮凝剂P(DMDAAC/DMC/IA/FA),得到絮凝剂I和II。研究了絮凝剂I和II对印染废水、钻井废水絮凝效果;由电镜扫描观察得到絮体的形貌图,非线性分维计算了絮体形貌的空隙分维数。结果表明,絮凝剂I在p H~8、投加量为0.75g/L时,对印染废水的CODCr去除率是45.9%;絮凝剂II在p H~10、投加量0.25g/L,对钻井废水的CODCr去除率为73.4%。不同合成条件得到的絮凝剂处理不同的废水效果不同。非线性分维数计算与试验结果一致。     

絮凝-漂白粉催化氧化处理印染废水

采用絮凝-漂白粉催化氧化法,筛选出硫酸镁催化剂,提高难生化处理的印染废水对色度、COD的去除效果。实验结果表明,对COD_(Cr) 592 mg/L、色度625倍、pH 9.82、SS 150 mg/L的某印染废水,当废水p H为6时,投加Al_2(SO_4)_3·18H_2O 400 mg/L、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)2 mg/L,催化剂硫酸镁80 mg/L,有效氯30%的漂白粉1.0 g/L,CODCr最终去除率达到88.2%,色度去除率98.4%,浊度去除率86.6%,出水pH为6,达到国家二级排放标准。催化氧化的脱色速率提高近一倍,结果对印染废水的处理研究和实际应用具有一定价值。     

纳米聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂的制备和性能

以硅酸钠、氯化铁、氯化铝为原料通过超声的方法制备了无机高分子纳米级聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂(Nano-PAFSI),考察了其投加量、pH值、搅拌强度等因素对废水处理效果的影响,并对混凝机理进行了分析.实验表明,产品纳米聚硅酸铝铁(Nano-PAFSI)比普通聚硅酸铝铁处理废水效果更佳.对印染废水的浊度去除率为97.8%,色度去除率为94.6%,CODCr去除率为55.1%.     

两种两性高分子絮凝剂处理印染废水的研究

采用水溶液聚合方法制备两种两性高分子絮凝剂p(DMDAAC-co-FA)和p(DMC-co-DMAEMA-coAMPS)。对两种共聚合产物进行了傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)结构表征。用两种絮凝剂对印染废水进行絮凝试验的结果显示,絮凝剂p(DMDAAC-co-FA)在pH~7、投加量120 mg·L~(-1)时,CODCr去除率79.2%,色度去除率95.0%;絮凝剂p(DMC-co-DMAEMA-co-AMPS)在pH~7、投加量140 mg·L~(-1)时,CODCr去除率75.3%,色度去除率92.0%。通过对絮凝试验的絮体进行电镜扫描分析,采用非线性数学分形理论盒子法计算絮体形貌的空隙分维数Df,结果表明,絮体形貌的空隙分维数理论计算值与试验结果相符。     

两性高分子絮凝剂P(FA/NVP/DMC)处理钻井废水的研究

考查了一种两性高分子絮凝剂P(FA/NVP/DMC)对钻井废水的絮凝性能。试验显示,在pH=7、投加量为186.94mg/L条件下,CODCr去除率达到90.2%,浊度去除率达到98.9%;对钻井废水絮凝处理后的絮体进行电镜扫描,运用非线性数学分形理论计算絮体空隙分维数,结果表明,理论计算与试验结果一致。     

聚硅酸硫酸铁/壳聚糖复合絮凝剂的制备及其在废水处理中的应用

制备了无机高分子复合絮凝剂聚硅酸硫酸铁（PFSS）和助凝剂壳聚糖（CTS）,考察了影响合成及絮凝剂应用的因素,探讨了其组成、投加量以及pH值对城市废水絮凝效果的影响,通过对模拟废水和城市废水絮凝试验,得出最佳的合成和应用条件：n（Fe）∶n（Si）=1∶1,PFSS的碱化度为1.5,聚合硫酸铁（PFS）的pH=2,聚硅酸（PS）的活化时间为1.5 h;n（PFSS）∶n（CTS）=5∶1,投加量为(20+4) mg/L,pH值的范围为6～9,沉降时间为15 min。 复合絮凝剂（PFSS-CTS）在最佳条件下浊度、色度、COD的去除率分别达到95.04%、91.26%和83.45%。     

一种复合絮凝剂的絮凝性能及应用研究

以淀粉为原料，通过化学改性研制出同时兼含羟基、氰基、酰胺基和季铵盐基团的两亲型高分子絮凝剂(ASF)，然后加入铝酸纳和硅酸钠，以一定的比例进行复配，制得复合型高分子絮凝剂CF-1，并综合研究了CF-l的絮凝性能。结果表明，CF-1对印染、造纸、皮革、制药等工业废水具有很强的絮凝和脱色效果，废水的色度去除率达96％以上，SS去除率达95％以上，CODCr去除率达74％以上。而且其絮凝性能明显优于阳离子聚丙烯蠢胺(CPAM)、聚合氯化铝(PAC)、硫酸铝以及硫酸亚铁等絮凝剂。     

复合型絮凝剂处理油墨废水的研究

以3-氯2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CHPTMAC)、玉米淀粉、AlCl_3、Al_2(SO_4)_3、PAC、FeSO_4、FeCl_3等无机絮凝剂为原料制备出一种有机无机复合型絮凝剂(PMSF),并用于福建某油墨生产企业,系统考察了其对油墨废水进行处理时的最优条件。试验发现,PMSF对油墨废水有很强的絮凝和脱色效果,废水的COD去除率可达到86.8%,色度去除率可达到94.6%。对比试验结果表明,PMSF处理油墨废水的絮凝综合性能明显优于季铵化淀粉絮凝剂(MSF)。     

聚合氯化铝铁与磷酸氢二钠复合絮凝剂的制备及其对印染废水的处理

利用正交试验方法对印染废水的混凝处理最佳试验条件进行了研究。通过聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)和磷酸氢二钠(NaH2PO4·2H2O)对模拟印染废水处理效果的研究表明,在溶液pH为7、PAFC与NaH2PO4·2H2O投加量比为3∶2、温度为55℃、搅拌时间为15min时,对模拟印染废水处理得到较为满意的效果,COD的去除率为80.45%,经处理后水的吸光度为0.4269。     

Flocculation Performance and Mechanism of Removing Pectin by N-hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride Chitosan

The cationic organic flocculant N-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HTCC) was used for flocculation of pectin, which was an impurity widespread in Chinese medicine water extractions, and the effects of the flocculant dosage, the pectin concentration, pH value, and the solution temperature on the flocculation efficiency were studied. FTIR spectra of pectin and its flocs were analyzed to determine the flocculation mechanism. The results showed that HTCC effectively flocculated the high-methoxyl pectin (HMP) and low-methoxyl pectin (LMP). The removal rate of HMP and LMP were above 85% and 90%, respectively. The flocculant dosage and pH value were the key influential factors. The pectin flocculation mechanism was mainly adsorption bridging and charge neutralization by hydrogen bonding, electrostatic adsorption, and hydrophobic interaction. The optimal flocculation conditions of HMP and LMP by HTCC were achieved.     

利用造纸污泥制备木素基阳离子絮凝剂及其性能的研究

以造纸污泥中提取的木质素为原料,合成了木素基阳离子絮凝剂。研究了催化剂种类、反应物配料比、反应温度、反应时间等对合成产物脱色性能的影响,确定了较佳合成工艺条件为:引发剂K2S2O8用量为木质素磺酸钠质量的0.7%,活化时间1.5 min,木质素磺酸钠与单体质量比为1∶1.5,反应温度为70℃,反应时间1.5 h,采用红外光谱对产物结构进行了表征。产物对几种模拟染料废水具有良好的脱色性能,在酸性(pH1～2)条件下,脱色率均达84.4%以上。通过比较木质素与接枝产物的絮凝效果以及絮体的微观形貌,对其絮凝机理进行了初步探讨。     

Studies on selective flocculation of low-grade iron ore using statistical optimization

In this study, a two-level and three-variable full-factorial design is used to analyze the behavior of different variables of selective flocculation such as pulp density, pH, and flocculant dosage. The response of low-grade iron ore flocculation was investigated using a two-level and three-variable factorial design. From the studies, the optimal conditions were found to be pH (10), pulp density (6%), and flocculant dosage (0.5?mg/g), and the estimated values of for grade and recovery were 67.52% and 80.17%, respectively. The coefficients of determination (R²) for grade and recovery were found to be 99.80% and 99.97%, respectively.     

强力霉素废水的吸附-混凝预处理研究

根据强力霉素废水的特点,采用吸附-混凝联合处理工艺对其进行预处理研究。筛选出最佳吸附剂、混凝剂、助凝剂,考察了其投加量、pH、反应时间、搅拌强度等因素对处理效果的影响。实验表明,选用粉煤灰作为吸附剂、聚合氯化铝(PAC)作为混凝剂、羟乙基田菁胶(ESG)作为助凝剂,F-去除率达到99.9%,氟浓度降至10mg/L以下;化学需氧量(CODCr)去除率达到37.5%,生化需氧量/化学需氧量(BOD5/CODCr)由原来的小于0.1提高至0.16,提高了原废水的可生化性。而且处理后的灰渣烧制成砖块,不会对环境造成二次污染,达到了以废治废的目的。     

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOPOLYMER FLOCCULANT

The biopolymer flocculant （named PS-2） producing by Pseudomonas fluorescens was investigated. The PS-2 had high efficiency with small dosage, when dealing with kaolin suspension, formed larger floc, with big sedimentation rate, over a wide range of temperatures. Distributing of flocculating activity test showed that the biopolymer flocculant was an extracellular product. The composition analysis of purified biopolymer flocculant showed that it composed mainly of polysaccharide and nucleic acid. The content of polysaccharide was 86. 7%, which determined by using phenol-vitriol method, and the content of nucleic acid was 7.8%, which determined by UV absorption method. The biopolymer flocculant as a powder form showed much better stability than that as a supernatant. The character of biopolymer flocculant was stable even it was heated to 100℃ when it in acidic condition. The optimal conditions to flocculate kaolin suspension were as follows： pH 8-12, flocculant dosage lmL/L, and Ca^2＋ as the optimal cation.     

混凝沉淀法处理工业含氟废水的工艺研究

以半导体工业中的含氟废水为研究对象,采用混凝沉淀法对去除废水中氟离子进行了系统的工艺研究.以Ca(OH)2为沉淀剂,分别用聚合氯化铁(PFC)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)为混凝剂,并加入聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)助凝剂的方法,对药剂投加量、混凝剂种类、体系pH值、沉降时间等因素进行了实验探索.结果显示,PFC比PAC混凝效果好.当Ca(OH)2添加量为理论值的2.5倍,PFC用量为15mg/L,助凝剂PAM用量为4mg/L,体系的pH值在6～7时,其除氟效果最佳,此时废水中残留氟离子浓度可降低至5.5mg/L,远远低于国家规定的排放标准(10mg/L).     

Kinetics of adsorption of high molecular weight anionic polyacrylamide onto kaolinite: the flocculation process

The adsorption kinetics of anionic polyacrylamide flocculant onto kaolinite clay are examined as a function of flocculant dosage and pH. Special attention has been given to the flocculation effect during the adsorption process and the resulting inhibition of further adsorption. At pH 8.5 the adsorption capacity of anionic polyacrylamide on kaolinite is low while at pH 4.5, the adsorption capacity increases. Flocculant adsorption has been shown to be related to the amount of available surface area, pH, flocculant dosage, and the resulting floc strength, which controls the rate of new surface area exposure and hence the continuation of further adsorption. At both pH 4.5 and pH 8.5, complete adsorption is achieved at low flocculant dosages and adsorption equilibrium is achieved at high flocculant dosages after 1 day. In contrast, at intermediate flocculant dosages adsorption equilibrium is not reached over a 7-day period, due to a continuously increasing surface area.     

聚合氯化铁的制备及其絮凝效果

以赤铁矿和工业盐酸为原料,采用盐酸酸浸和加碱聚合等方法制取聚合氯化铁絮凝剂(PFC),将其用来处理造纸废水,并与市售聚合氯化铁和碱式氯化铝絮凝剂进行比较.结果表明,在碱化度为2∶1、聚合温度为40℃、陈化时间为24h时,自制聚合氯化铁絮凝剂对造纸废水具有较好的处理效果;投加量为1.4mL/L时,造纸废水的浊度降低了99%,化学需氧量(COD)降低了69.55%,优于市售絮凝剂对造纸废水的处理效果;且三种絮凝剂用量相同时,自制的聚合氯化铁絮凝剂形成絮体的速率和沉降速率都较快.     

Treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewaters with poly aluminium chloride and bagasse fly ash

The present study deals with the use of poly aluminium chloride (PAC) as a coagulant and bagasse fly ash (BFA), which is generated in sugar mills, as an adsorbent for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour of pulp and paper mill effluents. Under optimal conditions of pH 3 and initial PAC dosage of 3 g/l, about 80% COD removal and 90% colour removal were obtained. The optimal conditions for the adsorptive removal of COD and colour with BFA were pH 4 and BFA dosage of 2 g/l. Under these conditions, COD and colour removal were, respectively, 50 and 55%. Adsorptive removal of COD by BFA followed second-order kinetics. Intra-particle diffusion was found to be rate controlling. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were found to fit the equilibrium adsorption data with BFA. Two-stage treatment using PAC (3 g/l) as a coagulant in the first stage and BFA (2 g/l) as an adsorbent in the second stage gave the combined COD and colour removal of nearly 87 and 95%, respectively, for different effluents without any pH adjustment. Two-stage adsorptive treatment using BFA (2 g/l) in both the stages gave a combined COD and colour removal of about 70%. The sludge obtained can be dewatered by centri-clarifiers, dried, briquetted and incinerated to recover its energy content.