溶胶－凝胶法制备Na_5YSi_4O_（12）及其离子导电性质

用溶胶－凝胶方法制备了钠快离子导体Ｎａ_５ＹＳｉ_４Ｏ_（１２）（简称ＮＹＳ）的纯相，应用交流阻抗谱技术测定了样品的离子电导和离子导电活化能，用扫描电子显微镜对用不同方法制备的样品烧结体表面进行了观察。与传统固相反应法制备的ＮＹＳ离子导体相比，用溶胶－凝胶方法制备的ＮＹＳ烧结体具有较好的界面效应。     

溶胶—凝胶法制备Na5YSi4O12及其离子导电性质

用溶胶－凝胶方法制备了钠快离子导体Ｎａ５ＹＳｉ４Ｏ１２（简称ＮＹＳ）的纯相，应用交流阻抗谱技术测定了样品的离子导电活化能，用扫描电子显微镜对用不同制备的样品烧结体表面进行了观察，与传统固相反应法制备的ＮＹＳ离子导体相比，用溶胶－凝胶方法制备的ＮＹＳ烧结体具有较好的界面效应。     

超离子导体及其在化学化工上的应用

一、什么是超离子导体“超离子导体”(superionic conductor)又叫“快离子导体”(fast ionic conductor)或称固体电解质。它是近十多年来发展起来的一类新型固体材料。它直接涉及到能源问题,所以愈来愈受到人们的重视。过去十多年来,人们主要的精力集中在晶体超离子导体材料的应用和     

用定量差热法测定快离子相的电导活化能和相变焓

用定量差热法测定快离子相的电导活化能和相变焓黄松龄（广州师范学院化学系，５１０４００）离子电导率数值是评价快离子导体的一项主要的指标，通过定量差热法测定快离子导体某一构型相变焓和活化能，来研究其离子电导率是很有意义的。实验证明，当快离子导体某一构型的...     

双相致密透氧膜

混合导体透氧材料由于在高温下具有氧离子导电特性,在纯氧制备、膜反应器及富氧燃烧等方面显示出广阔的应用前景。单相混合导体材料用作透氧材料时存在稳定性不足、机械性能差等问题,限制了其在生产中的实际应用。在离子导体相中掺入电子导体相形成双相导体膜可以提高透氧材料在高温下和高氧浓度梯度下的工作稳定性和化学稳定性。本文详细论述了双相透氧材料的透氧机理和研究进展,包括氧离子导体/贵金属电子导体和氧离子导体/氧化物电子导体和氧离子导体/混合导体等的复合形式。重点分析了材料的组成、结构以及两相之间的化学相容性和混合比例对材料透氧率和工作稳定性的影响。介绍了双相材料在甲烷部分氧化制合成气(POM)膜反应过程及富氧燃烧中的应用,分析了目前有待解决的问题并提出了今后的研究方向。     

第二届快离子导体学术讨论会在无锡召开

第二届快离子导体学术讨论会由中国科学院化学学部主办,上海硅酸盐研究所负责筹备,于1983年3月25日至29日在无锡召开。出席会议的代表来自全国21个单位,共85人。会上对7篇综合报告和65篇专题报告进行了交流和讨论。这次会议是我国快离子导体研究自1980年10月第一届会议以来的又一次检阅,内容包括快离子导体的基础、材料、测试和应用。会议反映出我国近几年来     

Li2O～SiO2～RE2O3(RE=Y,La,Nd)体系的锂快离子导体

快离子导体的组成决定了它的性能, 为提高离子电导率可在硅酸锂体系快离子导体中加入稀土元素等第三组分. 运用混料均匀设计方法, 在Li2O～SiO2～RE2O3 (RE=Y, La, Nd)三元体系中, 设计了一系列均匀试验点, 用高温固相法合成了快离子导体. 继而通过对实验数据的多元回归分析, 以离子电导率为评价标准, 找出三元体系中离子电导率最好的区域, 其中选取的验证点的实测值与预测值相当. 这说明均匀设计法可用于快离子导体研究. 实验中所得的快离子导体室温电导率最高为LSLa: 1.15×10-6 S·cm-1.     

快离子导体在甲烷氧化偶联反应中的作用

本文分别以离子型导体La_2O_3和CaO载体,添加A_2BO_4型快离子导体,发现催化剂的C_2烃收率与添加的快离子导体迁移能力有很好的顺变关系。     

多相高分子快离子导体阻抗谱的研究

研究了以ＬｉＣｌＯ４掺杂的聚乙二醇聚氨酯双离子导体及磺酸型聚乙二醇聚氨酯离聚物单一离子导体的阻抗谱，给出了多相快离子导体交流阻抗测试系统的等效电路．通过阻抗谱计算机解析，计算得出了样品的基本电学参数．通过讨论界面阻抗的色散现象，计算出样品的离子电导率，和阻抗谱解析法得到的结果相一致．     

Ba0.9La0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α陶瓷的离子导电性

用高温固相反应法制备了Ba0.9La0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α质子导电性陶瓷,粉末X-射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,该陶瓷为单一钙钛矿型斜方晶结构。在500~900℃温度范围内,分别用气体浓差电池方法和交流阻抗谱技术研究了材料在不同气体气氛中的离子导电性,并与Ba0.9Ca0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α材料的离子导电性进行了比较。结果表明,在500~900℃温度范围内、湿润氢气中,Ba0.9La0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α材料的质子迁移数为1,是一个纯的质子导体。在干燥空气中,该材料是一个氧离子和电子空穴的混合导体,氧离子迁移数为0.295~0.081,氧离子电导率高于Ba0.9Ca0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α。在湿润空气中,该材料是一个质子、氧离子和电子空穴的混合导体,质子迁移数为0.151~0.009,氧离子迁移数为0.300~0.107,质子电导率低于Ba0.9Ca0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α材料。在氢-空气燃料电池条件下,Ba0.9La0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α材料是一个质子、氧离子和电子的混合导体,离子迁移数为0.964~0.853,离子电导率与Ba0.9Ca0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α材料相近。     

On the underestimated influence of synthetic conditions in solid ionic conductors

The development of high-performance inorganic solid electrolytes is central to achieving high-energy- density solid-state batteries. Whereas these solid-state materials are often prepared via classic solid-state syntheses, recent efforts in the community have shown that mechanochemical reactions, solution syntheses, microwave syntheses, and various post-synthetic heat treatment routines can drastically affect the structure and microstructure, and with it, the transport properties of the materials. On the one hand, these are important considerations for the upscaling of a materials processing route for industrial applications and industrial production. On the other hand, it shows that the influence of the different syntheses on the materials'' properties is neither well understood fundamentally nor broadly internalized well. Here we aim to review the recent efforts on understanding the influence of the synthetic procedure on the synthesis – (micro)structure – transport correlations in superionic conductors. Our aim is to provide the field of solid-state research a direction for future efforts to better understand current materials properties based on synthetic routes, rather than having an overly simplistic idea of any given composition having an intrinsic conductivity. We hope this review will shed light on the underestimated influence of synthesis on the transport properties of solid electrolytes toward the design of syntheses of future solid electrolytes and help guide industrial efforts of known materials.

Influence of synthesis and processing on the nature of ultimate product and the ionic transport properties of superionic conductors.     

On the way to high-conductivity single lithium-ion conductors

Solid electrolytes can potentially address three key limitations of the organic electrolytes used in today’s lithium-ion batteries, namely, their flammability, limited electrochemical stability and low cationic transference number. The pioneering works of Wright and Armand, suggesting the use of solid poly(ethylene oxide)-based polymer electrolytes (PE) for lithium batteries, paved the way to the development of solid-state batteries based on PEs. Yet, low cationic mobility–low Li⁺ transference number in polymer materials coupled with sufficiently high room-temperature conductivity remains inaccessible. The current strategies employed for the production of single-ion polymer conductors include designing new lithium salts, bonding of anions with the main polyether chain or incorporating them into the side chains of comb-branched polymers, plasticizing, adding inorganic fillers and anion receptors. Glass and crystalline superionic solids are classical single-ion-conducting electrolytes. However, because of grain boundaries and poor electrode/electrolyte interfacial contacts, achieving electrochemical performance in solid-state batteries comprising polycrystalline inorganic electrolytes, comparable to the existing batteries with liquid electrolytes, is particularly challenging. Quasi-elastic polymer-in-ceramic electrolytes provide good alternatives to the traditional lithium-ion-battery electrolytes and are believed to be the subject of extensive current research. This review provides an account of the advances over the past decade in the development of single-ion-conducting electrolytes and offers some directions and references that may be useful for further investigations.     

Planting Repulsion Centers for Faster Ionic Diffusion in Superionic Conductors

The successful launch of solid-state batteries relies on the discovery of solid electrolytes with remarkably high ionic conductivity. Extensive efforts have identified several important superionic conductors (SICs) and broadened our understanding of their superionic conductivity. Herein, we propose a new design strategy to facilitate ionic conduction in SICs by planting immobile repulsion centers. Our ab initio molecular dynamics simulations on the model system Na₁₁Sn₂PS₁₂ demonstrate that the sodium ionic conductivity can be increased by approximately one order of magnitude by simply doping large Cs ions as repulsion centers in the characteristic vacant site of Na₁₁Sn₂PS₁₂. Planting immobile repulsion centers locally induces the formation of high-energy sites, leading to a fast track for ionic conduction owing to the unique interactions among mobile ions in SICs. Seemingly non-intuitive approaches tailor the ionic diffusion by exploiting these immobile repulsion centers.     

全固态电池界面的研究进展

Owing to the serious energy crisis and environmental problems caused by fossil energy consumption, development of high-energy-density batteries is becoming increasingly significant to satisfy the rapidly growing social demands. Lithium-ion batteries have received widespread attention because of their high energy densities and environmental friendliness. At present, they are widely used in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. However, security aspects need to be addressed urgently. Substantial advances in liquid electrolyte-based lithium-ion batteries have become a performance bottleneck in the recent years. Traditional lithium-ion batteries use organic liquids as electrolytes, but the flammability and corrosion of these electrolytes considerably limit their development. Continuous growth of lithium dendrites can pierce the separator, leading to electrolyte leakage and combustion, which is a serious safety hazard. Replacement of organic electrolytes with solid-state electrolytes is one of the promising solutions for the development of next-generation energy storage devices, because they have high energy densities and are safe. Solid electrolytes can remarkably alleviate the safety hazards involved in the use of traditional liquid-based lithium-ion batteries. In addition, the composite of solid-state electrolytes and lithium metal is expected to result in a higher energy density. However, due to the lack of fluidity of the solid electrolytes, problems such as limited solid-solid contact area and increased impedance at the interface when solid-state electrolytes are in contact with electrodes must be solved. The localized and buried interface is a major drawback that restricts the electrochemical performance and practical applications of the solid-state batteries. Fabrication of a stable interface between the electrodes and solid-state electrolyte is the main challenge in the development of solid-state lithium metal batteries. All these aspects are critical to the electrochemical performance and safety of the solid-state batteries. Current research mainly focuses on addressing the problems related to the solid-solid interface in solid-state batteries and improving the electrochemical performance of such batteries. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the challenges in the fabrication of solid-state batteries, including poor chemical and electrochemical compatibilities and mechanical instability. Research progress on the improvement strategies for interface problems and the advanced characterization methods for the interface problems are discussed in detail. Meanwhile, we also propose a prospect for the future development of solid-state batteries to guide the rational designing of next-generation high-energy solid-state batteries. There are many critical problems in solid-state batteries that must be fully understood. With further research, all-solid-state batteries are expected to replace the traditional liquid-based lithium-ion batteries and become an important system for a safe and reliable energy storage.     

Cathode materials for lithium ion batteries prepared by sol-gel methods

Improving the preparation technology and electrochemical performance of cathode materials for lithium ion batteries is a current major focus of research and development in the areas of materials, power sources and chemistry. Sol-gel methods are promising candidates to prepare cathode materials owing to their evident advantages over traditional methods. In this paper, the latest progress on the preparation of cathode materials such as lithium cobalt oxides, lithium nickel oxides, lithium manganese oxides, vanadium oxides and other compounds by sol-gel methods is reviewed, and further directions are pointed out. The prepared products provide better electrochemical performance, including reversible capacity, cycling behavior and rate capability in comparison with those from traditional solid-state reactions. The main reasons are due to the following several factors: homogeneous mixing at the atomic or molecular level, lower synthesis temperature, shorter heating time, better crystallinity, uniform particle distribution and smaller particle size at the nanometer level. As a result, the structural stability of the cathode materials and lithium intercalation and deintercalation behavior are much improved. These methods can also be used to prepare novel types of cathode materials such as nanowires of LiCoO₂ and nanotubes of V₂O₅, which cannot be easily obtained by traditional methods. With further development and application of sol-gel methods, better and new cathode materials will become available and the advance of lithium ion batteries will be greatly promoted.     

Printed solid-state electrolytes for form factor-free Li-metal batteries

With the ever-growing interest in ubiquitous smart electronics and the Internet of Things, the demand for high-energy-density power sources with aesthetic versatility has increased tremendously. High energy density Li-metal batteries have attracted considerable attention for fulfilling the high energy density requirement of smart electronics. To obtain form factor-free Li-metal batteries with both design diversity and electrochemical reliability, printed solid-state electrolytes are required as a key component because of their viability for the printing/solidification-based fabrication process and electrode-customized chemical/physical properties. This review presents an overview of printed solid-state electrolytes for form factor-free Li-metal batteries with a focus on materials chemistry and fabrication requirements. In addition, their structural/physical/electrochemical properties were discussed in terms of compatibility with Li-metal batteries.     

全固态薄膜锂离子电池

本文介绍了聚合物薄膜锂电池以及全固态无机薄膜锂电池,主要对全固态无机薄膜锂电池的发展过程以及其阴极材料、阳极材料、无机固态电解质的性能和制备技术进行了综述;同时介绍了全固态薄膜锂电池结构的研究,并提出了全固态薄膜锂电池现阶段研究存在的问题以及一些解决办法.     

Molten salt synthesis (MSS) of Cu2Mo6S8—New way for large-scale production of Chevrel phases

The Chevrel phase (CP), Mo₆S₈, was found to be an excellent cathode material for rechargeable magnesium batteries. Mo₆S₈ is obtained by a leaching process of Cu₂Mo₆S₈, which removes the copper. A new method of Cu₂Mo₆S₈ production was developed. In contrast to the well-known solid-state synthesis of CP, the method is based on the reaction in a molten salt media (KCl). A fast kinetics of this reaction allows using less active, but more convenient precursors (sulfides instead of sulfur), decreasing temperature and synthesis duration, as well as operation in the inert atmosphere instead of dynamic evacuated systems. It was shown that the composition and the electrochemical behavior of the products obtained by MSS and by the solid-state synthesis are identical. Thus, the molten salt method is extremely attractive for the large-scale production of the active materials for Mg batteries.     

单离子聚合物快离子导体

具有高锂离子迁移数和良好可加工性能的锂快离子导体对于全固态电池的发展非常重要。然而,现有的锂快离子导体主要限制于硬质陶瓷,目前尚无柔性聚合物类型的锂快离子导体被报道。在这个工作中,我们报告了一种通过三种不同有机单体的自由基聚合反应形成的三元无规共聚单离子快离子导体(SISC)。该SISC中包含丰富的锂离子传输位点和具有阴离子锚定功能的阴离子受体。此外,三种不同单体的共聚反应带来低结晶度和低玻璃化转变温度(T_g),有利于链段运动,从而获得小的锂离子传输的活化能(E_a)。电化学测试结果表明,该SISC的室温离子电导率和锂离子迁移数分别达到1.29 mS∙cm⁻¹和0.94。将SISC与锂金属负极和多种正极(包括LiFePO₄、LiCoO₂和硫化聚丙烯腈(SPAN))原位聚合,组装得到的全固态电池具有良好的电化学稳定性。其中,Li||LiFePO₄全固态电池表现出高达8C的倍率性能和良好的循环寿命(在0.5C倍率下稳定循环 > 700圈)。这项工作提供了一种新颖的聚合物基快离子导体设计理念,对于发展高性能全固态电池具有重要意义。     

Challenges and Development of Composite Solid Electrolytes for All-solid-state Lithium Batteries

All-solid-state lithium batteries are considered to be a new battery system with great development potential and application prospects due to the advantages of high energy density and high security.As a key component of all-solid-state lithium batteries,the development of solid-state electrolytes has received extensive attention in recent years,but most solid electrolytes still exhibit problems,such as low ion conductivity and poor interface compatibility.The design of composite solid-state electrolyte materials with both excellent electrochemical and mechanical properties is an effective way to develop all-solid-state lithium batteries.This review introduces different types of pure component solid electrolytes and analyzes their respective advantages and characteristics firstly.Furthermore,the research progress of composite electrolytes in preparation method,ionic conduction,suppression of lithium dendrites,and the improvement of electrochemical performances are reviewed from the perspective of composite electrolyte structure design,which is to meet different performance requirements.And the future development direction and trend of composite electrolytes are prospected.