微波电子回旋共振等离子体阴极电子束的实验研究

介绍了实验室研制的微波电子回旋共振(ECR)等离子体阴极电子束系统及初步研究结果，该系统包括微波ECR 等离子体源、电子束引出极、聚焦线圈等。通过测量水冷靶电流和靶上的束斑尺寸，实验研究了微波ECR 等离子体阴极电子束的流强、聚束性能等随电子束系统工作条件的变化。结果表明：微波输入功率越高、引出电压越高，引出电子束流强越大；工作气压对电子束流强的影响较复杂，随气压增加呈现出先降低后升高的特点；在7×10⁻⁴Pa 的极低气压下电子束流强可达75mA，引出电压9kV；能量利用率可达0.6；调整聚焦线圈的驱动电流，电子束的束斑直径从20mm 减小到13mm，电子束流强未有明显变化。     

微型电子回旋共振离子推力器离子源结构优化实验研究

微型电子回旋共振(ECR)离子推力器可满足微小航天器空间探测的推进需求. 为此, 本文开展直径20 mm的微型ECR离子源结构优化实验研究. 根据放电室内静磁场和ECR谐振区的分布特点, 研究不同微波耦合输入位置对离子源性能的影响, 结果表明环形天线处在高于ECR谐振强度的强磁场区域时, 微波与等离子体实现无损耦合, 电子共振加热效果显著, 引出离子束流较大. 根据放电室电磁截止特性, 结合微波电场计算, 研究放电容积对离子源性能的影响, 实验表明过长或过短的腔体长度会导致引出离子束流下降甚至等离子体熄灭. 经优化后离子源性能测试表明, 在入射微波功率2.1 W、氩气流量14.9 μg/s下, 可引出离子束流5.4 mA, 气体放电损耗和利用率分别为389 W/A和15%.     

新的高能注量电子束二极管系统

 为“闪光二号”加速器研制了新的二极管系统, 其电子束能注量比原二极管系统大3倍多。该系统由带滑闪开关的二极管、漂移管、脉冲磁场和真空靶室等部分组成, 通过减小阴极直径、增大轴向磁场强度和磁透镜比，调节滑闪开关距离和预脉冲开关气压等技术措施, 使二极管具有高能注量电子束输出的稳定工作状态, 在Marx发生器充电电压70kV条件下，在距阴极22cm的靶上获得了总能量21.5kJ、束斑直径52mm和能注量1.01kJ/cm²的电子束输出。     

准矩形截面强流相对论带状电子束的传输

提出利用准矩形截面带状电子束传输强电流.相对于目前广泛采用的椭圆形截面带状电子束,在大横纵比,即电子束的宽度(横向)远大于厚度(纵向)的情况下,其厚度沿横向更加均匀,利用冷阴极爆炸发射容易产生.该电子束利于高功率微波发生器中腔体模式的控制和束波作用效率的提高,如果利用模块化的结构还可使阴极及聚焦磁铁在宽度上的扩展更加容易.首先给出了准矩形截面带状电子束空间电荷场的典型分布,然后根据该分布和束匹配的方法对相互独立的周期会切磁铁和边聚焦磁铁分别进行了设计.其中边聚焦磁铁的磁化方向与以往的纵向不同,为横向磁化,其激励的边聚焦磁场在电子束宽边的边缘附近的梯度更大,有利于横向的束匹配.最后根据理论分析的结果进行了粒子模拟.结果表明,300keV,3kA的准矩形截面强流相对论带状电子束可以在0.163T的周期会切磁场和0.064T的横向磁化边聚焦磁场中稳定传输,电流传输效率大于98%.     

小型空心阴极等离子体电子枪实验

基于空心阴极效应和低压辉光放电原理,设计了一种小型空心阴极等离子体电子枪并进行了实验研究,在低气压下获得了稳定的空心阴极辉光放电,测量电子枪放电结果表明:在空心阴极中加入灯丝热子可明显降低放电气压;电子束电流的大小随放电电压增大而增大,受气体气压影响较小;在气压2Pa,放电电压10kV,脉宽4μs脉冲下放电,可得到脉宽为2μs,电流为600mA的电子束。     

Parameter space map of an electron cyclotron resonance plasma in acompact chamber

Ion current density measurements were made in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma reactor for both argon and oxygen discharges. Spatial changes in the ion current density were also recorded across the reactor diameter for changes in pressure and power. These measurements revealed a minimum in the ion current density on the reactor axis. This observation has been explained as a consequence of the shape of the ECR region, which, in turn, is dependent on the mode of coupling. Current density measurements were made as a function of reactor pressure and microwave power for two different axial locations in the system. A Langmuir probe was also used at these two locations to measure the electron temperature as a function of these process conditions. It was observed that the ion current density and/or plasma density measured downstream from the ECR zone, increased significantly in the low-pressure/high-microwave power region. Results from this region of the operating parameter space have not previously been reported. Further existing models do not predict this observed increase in plasma density or ion current density. It has been proposed that a rarefication of the gas in the ECR region, as a result of gas heating, has acted to increase the outward diffusion of electrons from the ECR zone and, thus, has increased the ambipolar diffusion of ions to the downstream location. This proposal has been partially validated by experimental results in which the ion energy was measured as a function of reactor pressure and gas flow rate. The shape of the oxygen parameter space map differs significantly from that for Ar. The principal reasons for these changes are a number of different inelastic electron scattering mechanisms which effect the transport electrons out of the ECR zone and through ambipolar diffusion also the transport of ions. The second factor is the production of negative ionic species which varies with reactor pressure and, thus, T_e     

合肥光源逐圈束流位置监测系统中的定时系统

定时系统是合肥光源逐圈束流位置监测和相空间测量系统中的重要组成部分，其主要目的是为数据采集卡提供与环内电子束团同步的时钟信号。该系统包含高速ECL时钟成形、分频电路、程控延时电路、控制模块等部分。可实现延时范围0～220ns，最小延时步距0.5ns，调整精度0.1ns，时钟抖动小于200ps。系统控制软件基于客户/服务器结构，操作灵活、方便。     

Microwave power coupling with electron cyclotron resonance plasma using Langmuir probe

Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma was produced at 2.45 GHz using 200–750 W microwave power. The plasma was produced from argon gas at a pressure of 2 × 10^???4 mbar. Three water-cooled solenoid coils were used to satisfy the ECR resonant conditions inside the plasma chamber. The basic parameters of plasma, such as electron density, electron temperature, floating potential, and plasma potential, were evaluated using the current–voltage curve using a Langmuir probe. The effect of microwave power coupling to the plasma was studied by varying the microwave power. It was observed that the optimum coupling to the plasma was obtained for ~ 600 W microwave power with an average electron density of ~ 6 × 10¹¹ cm^???3 and average electron temperature of ~ 9 eV.     

Self-oscillating mode of electron beam generation in a source with a grid plasma emitter

Plasma processes and electron beam generation in an electron source with a grid plasma cathode are investigated. Experiments are conducted under the conditions of efficient electron extraction and an intense counter ion flux, which break grid stabilization. It is shown that a rise in the gas pressure and in the emitting plasma potential leads to the plasma potential modulation in the frequency range 10⁴–10⁵ Hz. Under the self-oscillation conditions, an electron beam is obtained with a constant current of up to 16 A and an electron energy modulated up to 100% of the accelerating voltage level (100–300 V). An explanation is given for relaxation self-oscillations arising when the plasma potential grows and for the system’s inertial non-linearity arising when the plasma potential induced by the space charge of the counter ion flux lags behind the current of electron-beam-generated ions.     

Effect of the ionization process on the focusing of a relativistic electron beam by a gas-plasma lens

A numerical simulation is made of the processes occurring in a plasma lens under conditions when the focusing of a relativistic electron beam is strongly affected by the ionization of the residual gas in the lens region by the beam itself. The paraxial, azimuthally symmetric, 1.5-dimensional, electrostatic kinetic model, taking account of plasma production, expansion of the plasma electrons away from the beam region, and contraction of the ions toward the axis of the beam, was used for the calculation. The dynamics of the formation of a focal spot is studied, and the size and position of the spot are determined as functions of time for different values of the gas pressure, initial plasma density, and energy of the beam electrons. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 67, 90–94 (October 1997)