预应力混凝土空间组合式滑移模型

考虑预应力钢筋和混凝土间的粘结滑移效应,结合组合式模型和分离式模型的优点,提出了一种预应力混凝土空间组合式滑移模型。通过预应力钢筋和混凝土单元交点处的虚拟结点,将模拟预应力钢筋和混凝土交界面的无厚度环形粘结单元嵌入组合单元中。粘结单元忽略预应力钢筋-混凝土间的径向相对位移,通过内、外表面的切向位移差值表征预应力钢筋的相对滑移量。基于位移有限元框架,根据预应力钢筋、混凝土、粘结单元各自的本构模型,由虚功原理推导出三者对组合单元刚度矩阵的贡献,建立了该空间组合式滑移模型的有限元平衡方程,并给出了有限元计算流程。在该模型中,预应力钢筋能以任意形式穿过混凝土单元而不需考虑其走向,网格划分灵活;对单个粘结单元而言,在平衡方程中缩减了2个虚拟结点的6个自由度,自由度数减少了8%。     

基于有限元弹性变形运算的全六面体网格生成方法研究

以映射法为基础并结合网格划分经验,提出了原理简单的六面体网格生成新办法.该方法根据物体轮廓选择初始网格,设定表面结点强制变形到目的曲面,经由有限元弹性计算确定内部节点的位置.在检查全体单元质量以后,调整畸形单元从而生成目的网格.通过为一个复杂的马头门模型构建全六面体网格,最后证明了本文所述方法的可行性.     

基于结点应力误差估计的自适应网格划分

提出了基于结点应力误差估计对围绕该结点单元进行自适应网格划分的新方法。首先建立了基于2-范数的结点应力误差估计方法,然后在引入误差在各结点内等分布假定的基础上,给出了基于结点应力误差估计的自适应网格划分策略。最后结合工程实际中对高应力区结点应力的精度需要,给出了考虑结点应力大小的误差分配方案和相应的自适应网格划分方法,从而既对高应力区进行了网格优化,又兼顾了数学意义上误差较大的区域,更符合工程实际要求。算例计算结果表明,本文的方法是可行、有效的。     

一种人—机结合的二维有限元网格生成方法

本文提出了一种人一机结合的二维有限元网格生成方法,可将在CAD环境下绘制的矢量型网格图形自动地转换为有限元分析时所用的结点坐标和单元组信息。此方法能完全按人的意图生成网格形状,但比人工划分大大节省时间,而且对计算机硬件要求甚低,在任何PC机上都可应用、     

岩石、混凝土类材料断裂破坏有限元数值模拟中的有效方法

岩石、混凝土类材料断裂破坏有限元数值模拟中的网格重划,依据单元畸变和裂缝介质间的单元干涉作为网格重划判据,采用几何体重构技术把几何实体分解成能在ANSYS上实现六面体网格划分的几个部分,利用体积判断法确定新结点在旧单元的单元编号,在场量传递上采用基于解析性质的等参有限元逆变换,把旧网格场量信息传递到新网格中。本文对ANSYS进行二次开发,实现了三维网格重划,网格重划采用单元畸变和界面干涉两个判据,在网格再划分前进行几何体重构,提取变形后的点线面信息重新生成实体,充分利用AN-SYS的函数和体积判断法找到新结点在旧网格中的位置,在新旧网格间的场量传递中采用基于解析逆等参单元法。在平台上实现了三维有限元网格重划技术,最后利用方料的单轴压缩断裂模拟计算检验了传递前后等效塑性应变分布用载荷信息的变化,证明了所开发系统的正确性。     

用逐点插入法生成Delaunay四面体自适应网格

介绍一种基于Delaunay算法的四面体自适应网格的自动划分方法。该方法用单元尺度场控制生成网格的疏密分布,在不满足尺度场要求的单元面形心处插入新节点,同时计算新节点单元尺寸参数,实现三维实体的Delaunay四面体自动划分。此方法具有几个特点:一是表面网格与体内网格同步划分,无需区分两者;二是结点与单元同时生成;三是生成网格自适应性好,疏密分布任意。另外,还介绍了三维网格划分中两个相关算法:一个是约束面恢复算法,该算法基于约束面不允许有单元边与之相交的性质而提出的;另一个是将二维射线法推广至三维空间,判断一个点是否在一多面体内,实现了凹多面体的划分。最后通过算例对单元质量进行了评价。本文所述方法是一种有效的四面体自适应单元生成算法。     

一种适用于下承式钢桁结合桥计算的板梁组合单元

下承式钢桁结合桥具有建筑高度较低、行车时燥声、震动较小、刚度较大等优点,是高速铁路桥梁中比较理想的结构形式之一。为了能较合理和方便地分析下承式钢桁结合桥的力学行为,本文提出了一种考虑板梁共同作用和相对滑移的板梁组合单元。该单元以矩形板的4个结点的结点位移和板梁结合面3个点的相对滑移作为单元的基本自由度,板的位移模式通过对常规4结点矩形平板壳单元的形函数修正得到,梁的位移模式则根据板和梁之间的变形协调条件来确定。文末的算例表明,本文的解与试验结果和通用工程软件解较为吻合,说明了本文理论和方法的正确性。     

近场动力学最小二乘和有限元耦合方法研究

准确高效地对损伤和断裂问题进行建模是计算力学中的关键研究课题之一。将近场动力学最小二乘在处理含裂纹等非连续问题上的优势和有限元计算效率高及便于施加边界条件的优势结合,提出了近场动力学最小二乘和有限元耦合方法。将裂纹及其可能扩展区域划分为近场动力学区域,边界及其他区域划分为有限元区域,并将其中的结点类型分为近场动力学结点和有限元结点。有限元结点仅与同单元中的其他结点产生作用,近场动力学结点则与其族内的所有结点产生作用。将以上的单元刚度矩阵和质量矩阵进行组装得到整体刚度矩阵和整体质量矩阵。本文的耦合方法数值实现简单有效,相对于键基和常规态基近场动力学,该耦合方法包含了应力和应变的概念,同时不受零能模式的影响。一维和二维静态和动态问题的研究,验证了本文的耦合方法的有效性和准确性。     

一种新的全四边形网格快速生成方法─—模板法

本文提出了一种正方形亲单元上实现网格在二个坐标方向均能过渡的全四边形单元生成方法．该方法允许正方形周边节点任意分布，并可以对单元密度进行控制，将该方法和映射法结合解决了用映射单元法对结构进行四边形单元划分时存在的网格过渡的这一关键问题。该方法计算量少，运算速度快，生成单元的形状良好。     

12结点三维等参奇异单元的构造和应用

通过改变三维8结点六面体等参单元的结点位置、结点数目和形函数,构造了一种12结点三维等参奇异单元,该单元的应力场具有1/(√r)奇异性,可以模拟裂缝前沿的奇异应力场;该单元的位移模式在其中两个坐标方向是线性变化的,因此,该单元与线性单元连接时不需要过渡单元,仍能保证交界面位移协调,克服了20结点三维等参奇异单元不能与线性单元协调连接的缺陷;文章最后将该奇异单元布置在裂缝前沿,应用有限元法计算了三点弯曲梁预制裂缝前沿的应力强度因子,该结果与规范公式计算值基本一致.     

One-dimensional finite element heat transfer solution of a fin with triangular perforations of bases parallel and towered its base

Heat transfer dissipation from a horizontal rectangular fin embedded with equilateral triangular perforations is computed numerically using one-dimensional finite element technique. The bases of the triangles are parallel and toward the fin base. The body of the fin is discretized into a number of subdivisions (finite elements). The number of these elements can be altered as required according to the automatic mesh generation. The heat dissipation of the perforated fin is computed and compared with that of the solid one of the same dimensions and same thermal properties. The comparison refers to acceptable results and heat dissipation enhancement due to certain perforation.     

THE COMPACTION OF TIME-DEPENDENT VISCOUS GRANULAR MATERIALS CONSIDERING INERTIAL FORCES

In the present paper, compactions of time-dependent viscous granular materials are simulated step by step using the automatic adaptive mesh generation schemes. Inertial forces of the viscous incompressible aggregates are taken into account. The corresponding conservation equations, the weighted-integral formulations, and penalty finite element model are investigated. The fully discrete finite element equations for the simulation are derived. Polygonal particles of aggregates are simplified as mixed three-node and four-node elements. The automatic adaptive mesh generation schemes include contact detection algorithms, and mesh upgrade schemes. Solutions of the numerical simulation are in good agreement with some results from literatures. With minor modification, the proposed numerical model can be applied in several industries, including the pharmaceutical, ceramic, food, and household product manufacturing.     

二维自适应网格生成的改进AFT与背景网格法

在基于重生成的自适应有限元网格生成算法研究中,将推进波前法（AFT）与背景网格法结合并提出改进方法,有效地解决了网格生成和单元尺寸计算这两个关键问题。改进的AFT方法,将前沿区分为活跃前沿和非活跃前沿两类,在选取目标前沿时既考虑前沿尺寸又考虑前沿分类。改进的背景网格法,利用结构化栅格对背景网格进行管理,在栅格中直接存放背景网格中的单元,既提高了新单元尺寸的计算速度,又从数值上保证了新生成网格中单元之间尺寸合理过渡。     

基于混凝土裂纹数字图像的有限元网格生成

通过结合数字图像处理技术、边界矢量化技术与有限元网格自动生成技术,提出了基于数字图像的混凝土构件裂纹有限元分析方法。本文以混凝土裂纹为研究对象,先采用Canny算子提取裂纹边缘,对中断的边缘和伪边缘利用顺序边缘连接算法进行连接和剔除;然后,通过矢量化技术将裂纹边界拟合成小线段;最后在矢量化边界的基础上,利用自动生成技术生成裂纹结构的有限元网格,实现对裂纹区域受力情况的分析。实验结果表明:本文提出的方法可实现混凝土结构裂纹的图像监测与力学分析的一体化,能够大幅提高现役结构的评估速度和效率。     

复杂区域非结构化四边形网格全自动生成方法

针对多介质平面复杂区域，本文建议了一种基子推进网阵法的全四边形网格自动生成方法。其特点是对不规则区域适应能力强，考虑了节理单元自动生成。文中提出了网格质量改进方法，并给出了三个工程算例。     

用有限元自适网格控制结构应力分析的精度

本文涉及有限元结构应务分析精度控制的三个基本方面：１）自适应的有限元网格自动生成技术；２）有限元应力分析的误差估计：３）用单元尺寸场将误差分布用于形成新网格。     

An Unstructured Mesh Generation Algorithm for Shallow Water Modeling

The successful implementation of a finite element model for computing shallow water flow requires: (1) continuity and momentum equations to describe the physics of the flow, (2) boundary conditions, (3) a discrete surface water region, and (4) an algebraic form of the shallow water equations and boundary conditions. Although steps (1), (2), and (4) may be documented and can be duplicated by multiple scientific investigators, the actual spatial discretization of the domain, i.e. unstructured mesh generation, is not a reproducible process at present. This inability to automatically produce variably-graded meshes that are reliable and efficient hinders fast application of the finite element method to surface water regions. In this paper we present a reproducible approach for generating unstructured, triangular meshes, which combines a hierarchical technique with a localized truncation error analysis as a means to incorporate flow variables and their derivatives. The result is a process that lays the groundwork for the automatic production of finite element meshes that can be used to model shallow water flow accurately and efficiently. The methodology described herein can also be transferred to other modeling applications.     

Adaptive shape functions and internal mesh adaptation for modeling progressive failure in adhesively bonded joints

Macroscopic finite elements are elements with an embedded analytical solution that can capture detailed local fields, enabling more efficient, mesh independent finite element analysis. The shape functions are determined based on the analytical model rather than prescribed. This method was applied to adhesively bonded joints to model joint behavior with one element through the thickness. This study demonstrates two methods of maintaining the fidelity of such elements during adhesive non-linearity and cracking without increasing the mesh needed for an accurate solution. The first method uses adaptive shape functions, where the shape functions are recalculated at each load step based on the softening of the adhesive. The second method is internal mesh adaption, where cracking of the adhesive within an element is captured by further discretizing the element internally to represent the partially cracked geometry. By keeping mesh adaptations within an element, a finer mesh can be used during the analysis without affecting the global finite element model mesh. Examples are shown which highlight when each method is most effective in reducing the number of elements needed to capture adhesive nonlinearity and cracking. These methods are validated against analogous finite element models utilizing cohesive zone elements.     

一种基于单元几何变形的网格修匀方法

基于单元几何变形操作提出一种高效的非结构网格质量修匀方法。其基本过程是先对每个单元独立地进行拉伸-收缩操作以优化单元的形状,然后在整个网格中通过对各单元的节点位置进行加权平均来获得改善后的网格。为进一步提高修匀方法对网格质量的优化效果,并使得该方法具备一定的网格调整能力,结合动网格技术提出了对单元进行大范围和较大幅度移动的策略;在修匀过程中还通过适当算法调整单元形心位置和单元尺寸,进一步增强了修匀方法对网格局部进行疏密调节的能力。本文方法可适用于平面和三维非结构网格的质量改善及网格调整。若干算例表明了方法的有效性。     

Local mesh adaptation technique for front tracking problems

A numerical model is developed for the simulation of moving interfaces in viscous incompressible flows. The model is based on the finite element method with a pseudo-concentration technique to track the front. Since a Eulerian approach is chosen, the interface is advected by the flow through a fixed mesh. Therefore, material discontinuity across the interface cannot be described accurately. To remedy this problem, the model has been supplemented with a local mesh adaptation technique. This latter consists in updating the mesh at each time step to the interface position, such that element boundaries lie along the front. It has been implemented for unstructured triangular finite element meshes. The outcome of this technique is that it allows an accurate treatment of material discontinuity across the interface and, if necessary, a modelling of interface phenomena such as surface tension by using specific boundary elements. For illustration, two examples are computed and presented in this paper: the broken dam problem and the Rayleigh–Taylor instability. Good agreement has been obtained in the comparison of the numerical results with theory or available experimental data. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.