SPR误差评估在动静力数值分析中的验证与应用

有限元方法是一种便捷、强大的分析方法,常用于解决工程设计和研究中的各种复杂问题,但作为一种逼近的数值分析方法,其计算结果存在一定的误差,需要利用合理的误差评估方法评价有限元解并为进一步的改进提供依据.因此,将SPR误差评估嵌入弹塑性有限元静力数值分析中,验证在该计算中SPR误差评估的可靠性,并应用于相应的流弹塑性的动力分析中,为进一步优化网格、改进有限元计算结果提供依据.     

基于实验模态分析的点阵夹层结构动态性能预测

引入均一化等效理论，对金字塔型结构芯体夹层材料的芯体弹性常数进行均一化等效处理，并将其用于研究该夹层材料结构的动态性能．同时采用三维（3D）离散有限元模型计算了结构的动态性能．为验证了理论预测的正确性，设计并制备了金字塔点阵悬臂梁，进行了实验模态分析，将实验结果与理论计算的各阶自振频率进行了比较．结果表明：该模型对低阶自振频率的计算结果与实验结果、3D离散有限元模型计算结果吻合得都比较好，一阶自振频率误差不到5％，其它误差在10％左右．     

结构动力分析自适应有限元方法综述

结构动力分析自适应有限元方法主要研究有限元动力分析的误差估计理论,建立适用于复杂结构动力分析的有限元网格自适应过程．介绍了结构动力问题自适应有限元方法的重要发展,包括固有振动和动响应分析的误差估计及相应的自适应策略;且简要介绍了几种现有的网格生成技术及其特点．最后指出这种方法存在的问题和今后的研究方向．     

有限元分析中的最优离散化在弹性接触问题中的应用

本文提供了一种可作为弹性接触问题有限元分析后处理过程的误差估计方法.这种方法是应用应力平滑过程,通过能量模的形式而建立的.在这种误差估计方法的基础上,实现了有限元网格的自适应局部加密.数值分析实例表明,借助于这种最优离散化过程,可使计算误差平均分配于各个单元,并使总体计算误差降低.     

谐振子支柱偏心误差对谐振子振动特性影响分析(英文)

半球壳谐振子是半球谐振陀螺的核心部件。基于弹性力学的有限单元法建立了谐振子的弹性动力学有限元方程,得到谐振子自由谐振方程。为分析谐振子支柱偏心误差对谐振子振动特性的影响,利用有限元分析软件(ANSYS)建立了半球壳谐振子有限元模型,分析了理想谐振子和存在支柱偏心误差谐振子的二阶谐振状态振动特性。深入分析了支柱偏心误差对谐振子谐振频率和变形特性等振动特性的影响规律。通过对两种影响规律的比较分析得到,支柱偏心误差导致的频率差将会引起陀螺的随机漂移;而支柱偏心误差引起的变形将会影响陀螺的零偏,可以通过标定补偿。为减小支柱偏心误差对陀螺精度和性能的影响,偏心误差的加工误差范围应小于1.2μm,分析结果为谐振子的加工设计和结构误差分析提供了理论基础。     

基于结构代理模型与二级优化策略的航天结构模型修正研究Updating finite element dynamic models of aerospace structures based on the surrogate model and 2-level optimization strategy

随着我国航天事业的不断发展，航天结构形式越来越复杂，有限元结构模型往往存在各种假设和简化，因此与实际结构往往存在一定的误差，特别是部件的连接、边界条件的不确定以及材料性能（尤其是复合材料）与工艺的不确定性，都会对有限元模型的分析精度产生较大影响。本文基于初始有限元模型，通过试验设计构造结构代理模型，然后采用遗传优化算法与梯度优化算法的二级优化策略进行模型修正。另一方面，在每次模型修正迭代分析之前，自动进行置信值MAC（Modal Assurance Criterion）分析，使有限元分析模型与实验结果进行匹配，提高模型修正的正确性。分析表明该修正方法具有较高的分析精度，也能对结构参数进行识别。     

不同本构模型对橡胶制品有限元法适应性研究

为确定不同本构模型对橡胶制品进行非线性有限元分析的适应性,采用HyperMesh 和ABAQUS软件建立了橡胶标准试件和防尘罩制品的非线性有限元模型. 根据标准试件单轴拉伸试验数据,利用ABAQUS软件拟合了Mooney--Rivlin, Ogden 及Yeoh 3 种本构模型的特征参数,并给出了试件和制品轴向拉伸和压缩工况有限元分析结果. 实测试验与有限元分析结果对比发现:在应变不大于100% 时,两参数的Mooney--Rivlin本构模型计算误差较小;在应变大于100% 时, 用Yeoh 和Ogden 本构模型计算误差较小. 该结论对大变形橡胶元件的非线性特性理论分析具有实际意义.     

改进的Z~2应力恢复过程与h型自适应有限元分析

建议了一种较为精确的边界应力求解方法，并用于改进Ｚｉｅｎｋｉｅｗｉｃｚ－Ｚｈｕ（Ｚ２）应力恢复过程。改进过程增加的计算量不大，但可有效地改善后验误差估计精度。ｈ型自适应有限元分析结果表明，改进过程更有利于最优网格寻求工作     

6140机床主轴力学特性有限元分析

建立了6140机床主轴的力学简化模型,计算了在计算转速下的受力参数,从而建立起有限元分析模型,采用四面体单元划分网格,分析了机床主轴在加工过程中的变形和应力,依据有限元分析结果,提出了减小机床加工误差的方法．     

力学复合环境下挠性陀螺仪的动力学分析

为研究分析挠性陀螺仪在过载振动复合环境下附加误差形成的机理和建立误差补偿模型,从结构分析入手,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立陀螺仪的实体模型和有限元模型,计算陀螺仪的章动频率,并与实验测量值进行比较,验证了模型的正确性;对挠性陀螺仪在过载-振动复合环境中的动力学特性进行分析研究,得到了各节点轴向位移,结合施加的载荷即可以计算得到陀螺仪的漂移角速度;同时通过模态分析计算得到陀螺仪的固有频率及相应振型.     

SELF-ADAPTIVE STRATEGY FOR ONE-DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT METHOD BASED ON ELEMENT ENERGY PROJECTION METHOD

Based on the newly-developed element energy projection (EEP) method for computation of super-convergent results in one-dimensional finite element method (FEM), the task of self-adaptive FEM analysis was converted into the task of adaptive piecewise polynomial interpolation. As a result, a satisfactory FEM mesh can be obtained, and further FEM analysis on this mesh would immediately produce an FEM solution which usually satisfies the user specified error tolerance. Even though the error tolerance was not completely satisfied, one or two steps of further local refinements would be sufficient. This strategy was found to be very simple, rapid, cheap and efficient. Taking the elliptical ordinary differential equation of second order as the model problem, the fundamental idea, implementation strategy and detailed algorithm are described. Representative numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed approach.     

基于双重自适应的六面体网格再生成方法

提出了一种以栅格法为基本方法,基于几何特征和物理场量双重自适应的六面体网格再生成方法。首先,依据旧网格的表面曲率和几何特征,采用基于栅格法的几何自适应网格再生成方法,生成密度受控的基础网格;然后,将旧网格的物理场量传递到基础网格中;最后,采用有限元误差估计方法对新网格单元的计算误差进行估计,对误差较大的单元进行加密,减...     

Self-adaptive one-dimensional nonlinear finite element method based on element energy projection method

The element energy projection （EEP） method for computation of super- convergent resulting in a one-dimensional finite element method （FEM） is successfully used to self-adaptive FEM analysis of various linear problems, based on which this paper presents a substantial extension of the whole set of technology to nonlinear problems. The main idea behind the technology transfer from linear analysis to nonlinear analysis is to use Newton＇s method to linearize nonlinear problems into a series of linear problems so that the EEP formulation and the corresponding adaptive strategy can be directly used without the need for specific super-convergence formulation for nonlinear FEM. As a re- sult, a unified and general self-adaptive algorithm for nonlinear FEM analysis is formed. The proposed algorithm is found to be able to produce satisfactory finite element results with accuracy satisfying the user-preset error tolerances by maximum norm anywhere on the mesh. Taking the nonlinear ordinary differential equation （ODE） of second-order as the model problem, this paper describes the related fundamental idea, the imple- mentation strategy, and the computational algorithm. Representative numerical exam- ples are given to show the efficiency, stability, versatility, and reliability of the proposed approach.     

三维连续与非连续变形分析

将石根华博士所提出的二维非连续变形分析——Discontinuous Deformation Analysis（DDA）方法扩展到三维情况,并对三维不连续块体进行有限元网格剖分,即块体之间的接触采用DDA描述,块体内部的位移场和应力场则采用有限单元法描述,从而将三维DDA与有限元方法结合起来,增强了DDA方法与有限元方法解决实际工程问题的能力,实现了三维连续与非连续变形分析.给出了基本公式的推导过程和各子矩阵的形式.典型接触、碰撞算例证明了所提出方法的有效性和正确性.     

求解弱不连续问题的p型自适应有限元方法

在实际工程计算中,存在大量的弱不连续问题,如含夹杂问题.利用通常的有限元方法,为确保界面上各点满足给定高精度,往往需要采用全域网格加密或全域提高单元阶次的方法,这将会导致计算机的物理内存和CPU时间的剧烈增长.p型自适应有限元方法是一种能通过自适应分析逐步增加单元阶次以改善计算精度的数值方法.论文针对弱不连续问题设计了相应的p型自适应有限元方法,重点讨论了容许误差控制标准对界面上各点计算结果的影响,并对几类典型的弱不连续问题进行了数值计算与模拟.数值结果表明,论文设计的p型自适应有限元方法对求解弱不连续问题是非常有效的,用较少的单元得到精度可靠的数值结果,可大大提高其有限元分析效率.     

Anisotropic adaptive finite element method for magnetohydrodynamic flow at high Hartmann numbers

This paper presents an anisotropic adaptive finite element method (FEM) to solve the governing equations of steady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) duct flow. A residual error estimator is presented for the standard FEM, and two-sided bounds on the error independent of the aspect ratio of meshes are provided. Based on the Zienkiewicz-Zhu estimates, a computable anisotropic error indicator and an implement anisotropic adaptive refinement for the MHD problem are derived at different values of the Hartmann number. The most distinguishing feature of the method is that the layer information from some directions is captured well such that the number of mesh vertices is dramatically reduced for a given level of accuracy. Thus, this approach is more suitable for approximating the layer problem at high Hartmann numbers. Numerical results show efficiency of the algorithm.     

Incorporating spatially variable bottom stress and Coriolis force into 2D,a posteriori,unstructured mesh generation for shallow water models

An enhanced version of our localized truncation error analysis with complex derivatives (LTEA?CD ) a posteriori approach to computing target element sizes for tidal, shallow water flow, LTEA+CD , is applied to the Western North Atlantic Tidal model domain. The LTEA + CD method utilizes localized truncation error estimates of the shallow water momentum equations and builds upon LTEA and LTEA?CD‐based techniques by including: (1) velocity fields from a nonlinear simulation with complete constituent forcing; (2) spatially variable bottom stress; and (3) Coriolis force. Use of complex derivatives in this case results in a simple truncation error expression, and the ability to compute localized truncation errors using difference equations that employ only seven to eight computational points. The compact difference molecules allow the computation of truncation error estimates and target element sizes throughout the domain, including along the boundary; this fact, along with inclusion of locally variable bottom stress and Coriolis force, constitute significant advancements beyond the capabilities of LTEA. The goal of LTEA + CD is to drive the truncation error to a more uniform, domain‐wide value by adjusting element sizes (we apply LTEA + CD by re‐meshing the entire domain, not by moving nodes). We find that LTEA + CD can produce a mesh that is comprised of fewer nodes and elements than an initial high‐resolution mesh while performing as well as the initial mesh when considering the resynthesized tidal signals (elevations). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2D and 3D finite element analysis of crack growth under compressive residual stress field

In the present study, plasticity induced crack closure (PICC) concept and three dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM) were used to study the effect of compressive residual stress field on the fatigue crack growth from a hole. Furthermore, a new methodology on the basis of a correction factor was presented to increase the PICC precision. The result obtained was compared to two dimensional (2D) FEM, superposition method and Liu’s experimental data. To simulate the elasto-plastic behavior of the material, isotropic hardening was assumed and the Von-Mises yield criterion was implemented. A 3D mesh was built using eight-node hexahedral elements and one half of the specimen was modeled. The simulation results were fairly well correlated with experimental data. Furthermore, the 3D elasto-plastic FEM predicted a slightly smaller fatigue life than a 2D plane stress FEM. Applying the modified PICC method reduces the 3D FEM fatigue life prediction errors.     

弹塑性力学问题的虚单元法

具有有限差分法特征的虚单元法，可视为是有限元法向任意多边形单元的扩展。在材料细观力学性能表征、非均质材料力学分析等非线性问题方面，传统的弹塑性有限元法具有网格数目多、效率低下等不足之处，而虚单元法使网格划分更加灵活，为材料的弹塑性力学分析等非线性问题提供了新的思路。基于增量法弹塑性力学原理和双线性投影算子，建立了弹塑性力学问题的虚单元法求解技术，提出了弹塑性力学问题虚单元法的应力更新方案，研究了弹性力学问题虚单元法的精度和收敛性，讨论了虚单元法求解弹塑性力学问题的网格依赖性。同时，开展了任意多边形和凹多边形单元的数值试验研究，结果表明，虚单元法无须分割多边形，仅需节点自由度便可求得单元刚度矩阵和应力等效荷载，程序实现简单，计算精度高，改善了传统有限元的网格依赖性和塑性区的网格奇异性。