Interaction of lignosulfonate with certain metal ions

The reaction of lignosulfonate with the Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cu²⁺ ions has been studied by the methods of gel chromatography, potentiometric titration, and UV spectroscopy. Lignosulfonate forms polymer-metal complexes with the metal ions over a wide pH range. In this process the size of the macromolecule scarcely changes, thanks to the reticular structure of the lignosulfonate. The capacity of lignin with respect to Cu²⁺ ions has been determined.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 676–679, September–October, 1990.     

Properties of 8-hydroxyquinoline immobilized on a silica surface

The ionization constants of benzeneazo-8-hydroxyquinoline grafted to a silica surface were determined by potentiometric titration. The spectrophotometric measurements showed that with increase in pH, deprotonation of the grafted 8-hydroxyquinoline nitrogen takes place. The dynamic capacity of the sorbent obtained with respect to the Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, and Ni²⁺ ions at various pH was determined. The immobilized benzeneazo-8-hydroxyquinoline is suitable for removing trace amounts of metal ions from solutions and for their chromatographic separation. It was found that the metal complexes of Cu²⁺ and Co²⁺ with grafted benzeneazo-8-hydroxyquinoline exhibit catalytic activity in the oxidation of hydrazine by molecular oxygen in aqueous solutions.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Ékperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 108–112, January–February, 1989.     

Quenching of the fluorescence of riboflavin by the histidinates and alaninates of nickel,copper, and zinc

The formation of complexes of histidinates and alaninates of Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) with riboflavin (RF) in the ground state and the quenching of the fluorescence of RF by these compounds has been investigated. It has been found that the quenching of the fluorescence of RF by the Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ complexes is caused mainly by the nonemissive energy transfer from the donor (RF) to the metal ions. In the case of the Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Zn²⁺ histidinates the formation of nonfluorescing unstable complexes (K_stab — 3–10) of the metal histidinates with RF in the ground state also contribute to the quenching. Free histidine and zinc histidinate quench the fluorescence of RF by the transfer of an electron to the excited molecule of the flavin with the formation of nonfluorescing reduced RF.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 488–493, July–August, 1985.     

Study of some metallic silicates as ion-exchangers

The extraction of ammine complexes of Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺ and Zn²⁺ by synthesised manganese, nickel and zinc silicates has been studied at different pH and ionic concentrations in the external solution. It has been found that the uptake of the metal ion Co²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ increases with increase in pH of the external solution, attains a maximum and then decreases. However, the uptake for Cd²⁺ and Ni²⁺ increases continuously. The q_A values of all the silicates increases with the increase in the concentration of the exchanging ion and its order for the investigated metal ions is Ni²⁺ < Co²⁺ < Cd²⁺ < Zn²⁺ < Cu²⁺.     

Interactions of the ethanolamino groups of nanofilms with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cr(III) ammoniates at the surface of PVC plates

Interactions of nanofilms containing ethanolamino groups with cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), and zinc(II) ammoniates at the surface of polyvinylchloride plates and with chromium(III) ammoniate in a solution of ammonium chloride were studied. It was found that the groups of the film, together with chloride ions, displace all ammonia molecules from the inner coordination sphere of the metal. The average number of the ethanolamino N atoms of the film participating in formation of the metal ion coordination sphere is 3.35, 3.47, 3.67, 3.42, and 3.37 for Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Cr³⁺ complexes, respectively. The average number of chloride ions is 2 for Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺ and 3 for Cr³⁺. The coordination number of the central atoms is 6. The Cr³⁺ ion forms a coordination sphere composed of three N atoms and three chloride ions and a coordination sphere (charged 1+) made up of four N atoms and two chloride ions, with the third chloride ion being in the outer sphere. The Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cu²⁺ ions form uncharged coordination spheres of two types: (1) with four N atoms and two chloride ions and (2) with three N atoms, two chloride ions, and the O atom of the ethanol hydroxyl group.     

Interaction of lignosulfonate with certain metal ions

The reaction of lignosulfonate with the Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cu²⁺ ions has been studied by the methods of gel chromatography, potentiometric titration, and UV spectroscopy. Lignosulfonate forms polymer-metal complexes with the metal ions over a wide pH range. In this process the size of the macromolecule scarcely changes, thanks to the reticular structure of the lignosulfonate. The capacity of lignin with respect to Cu²⁺ ions has been determined.     

Spectroscopic Characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N,N-bis</Emphasis>(2-{[(2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-Dioxolan-4-yl)Methyl]Amino}Ethyl) N′,N′-Dihydroxyethanediimidamide and Its Complexes

A new dioxime ligand, N,N-bis(2-{[(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl]amino} ethyl)N′,N′-dihydroxyethanediimidamide (H₂L), and its mononuclear complexes with Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are synthesized. H₂L forms transition metal complexes [Co(LH)₂(H₂O)₂] and [M(LH)₂] (M = Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺) with a metal : ligand ratio of 1 : 2. Complexes [M(H₂L)(Cl)₂] (Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺) have a metal : ligand ratio of 1 : 1. The mononuclear Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cu²⁺ complexes indicate that the metal ions coordinate ligand through its two N atoms, as the most of dioximes. In the Co²⁺ complex, two water molecules and in the Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ complexes two chloride ions are also coordinated to the metal ion. The structures of these compounds are identified by elemental analyses, IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, electronic spectra, magnetic susceptibility measurements, conductivity, and thermogravimetric analysis.__________From Koordinatsionnaya Khimiya, Vol. 31, No. 7, 2005, pp. 540–544.Original English Text Copyright © 2005 by Canpolat, Kaya.The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Metal Complexes with Macrocyclic Ligands,V. Formation and dissociation kinetics of the pentaco-ordinated Ni2+, Cu2+, Co2+ and Zn2+ complexes with 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane

The formation and dissociation kinetics of the pentaco-ordinated Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺ and Zn²⁺ complexes with 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (4-MeCyclam-14) was studied by pH-stat techniques and spectrophotometrically. The rates of the reactions between 4-MeCyclam-14 and each of the four metal ions, although slower than normal complexations by a factor of 10³?10⁴, closely follow the order Cu²⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Co²⁺ > Ni²⁺, found for the rate of water exchange. This implies that beside water exchange an other constant factor plays an important role in the rate determing step. The dissociation of the pentaco-ordinated 4-MeCyclam-14 complexes is acid catalyzed. The limiting rate for acid dissociation is not reached even in 2.5M HNO₃ in the case of Ni(4-MeCyclam-14)²⁺. From the formation and dissociation rates stability constants have been calculated, which do not show any macrocyclic effect.     

Chelated complexes of cadmium(II), cobalt(II), copper(II), mercury(II), nickel(II), uranyl(II) and zinc(II) with benzil bis(4-phenylthiosemicarbazone)

Summary Complexes of Co^II, Ni^II, Cu^II, Zn^II, Cd^II, Hg^II and UO ₂ ^II with benzil bis(4-phenylthiosemicarbazone), H₂BPT, have been synthesized and their structures assigned based on elemental analysis, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility and spectroscopic measurements. The i.r. spectra suggest that the ligand behaves as a binegative quadridentate (NSSN) (Co^II, Cu^II, Hg^II and UO ₂ ^II complexes) or as a binegative quadridentate-neutral bidentate chelating agent (Ni^II, Zn^II and Cd^II complexes). Octahedral structures for the Co^II and Ni^II complexes and square-planar structure for the Cu^II complex are suggested on the basis of magnetic and spectral evidence. The crystal field parameters (Dq, B and _B) for the Co^II complex are calculated and agree fairly well with the values reported for known octahedral complexes. The ligand can be used for the microdetermination of Ni^II ions of concentration in the 0.4–6×10^–4 mol l^–1 range and the apparent formation constant for the species generated in solution has also been calculated.     

Spectrophotometric and conductometric studies of the thermodynamics complexation of Zn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions with 1,13-bis(8-quinolyl)-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxatridecane ligand in acetonitrile solution

The complexation reaction between 1,13-bis(8-quinolyl)-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxatridecane ligand (Kryptofix5) and Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions were studied conductometrically in acetonitrile solution. The formation constants of the resulting 1:1 complexes were calculated from the computer fitting of the molar conductance and absorbance measurements in various mole ratios. The enthalpy and entropy changes of the complexation reactions were derived from titration conductometry in acetonitrile at various temperatures. At 25 °C, the stability of the resulting complexes varied in the order Pb²⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Cu²⁺> Co²⁺> Ni²⁺.     

Schiff碱配合物的研究——Ⅸ.表面Schiff碱配合物对H2O2分解的催化作用

制备了两种表面Schiff碱及其Cu²⁺、Co²⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺配合物,考察了它们对H₂O₂分解的催化性能,其活性顺序为:Co²⁺>Cu²⁺>Ni²⁺>Zn²⁺,且与金属离子氧化还原电位有关。溶液的pH值增加有利于催化反应,有机配体的加入则对反应有所抑制。     

MII-N-diisopropoxythiophosphorylthiobenzamide complexing processes in M2[Fe(CN)6]-gelatin-immobilized matrices (M = Co,Ni, Cu)

Complexing processes in M^II-N-diisopropoxythiophosphorylthiobenzamide binary systems (M = Co, Ni, Cu) in metal(II) hexacyanoferrate(II) gelatin-immobilized matrices upon contact with aqueous–alkaline (pH = 12.0 ± 0.1) solutions of organic compounds have been studied. It has been shown that, in Co^II and Cu^II, the initial act of complexing involves destruction of the Co^II and Cu^II hexacyanoferrates(II) by OH^– ions, leading to formation of the corresponding hydroxides which react with the ligand indicated. In the both systems, successive addition of two ligand molecules per M(OH)₂ fragment occurs and [MB(OH)(OH₂)] and [MB₂] coordination compounds are formed (B^–-a singly deprotonated ligand form). In the Ni^II-N-diisopropoxythiophosphorylthiobenzamide system, the formation of three complexes, (Ni₂BOH)₂[Fe(CN)₆], [NiB(OH)(OH₂)] and [NiB₂] occurs.     

Mixed benzohydroxamato-acetylacetonato metal complexes: spectral,thermal and photochemical behaviour

Summary Bis(acetylacetonato)VO^II,–Co^II,–Ni^II,–Cu^II,–Zn^II, –UO ₂ ^II and tris(acetylacetonato)Fe^III react with benzohydroxamic acid to yield the corresponding mixed ligand complexes as a result of displacement of one acetylacetone molecule. Intermolecular association may be the reason for six-coordination geometry around the metal ions. A t.g.a. study of the complexes shows, in most cases, initial loss of alcohol and water molecules associated with the complexes; subsequent decomposition steps are characterised by very sharp weight loss. The photochemical stability of the complexes has been studied. Intraligand excitation causes a decomposition in the case of Fe^III and VO^II-complexes but no detectable effect for Co^II, Ni^II, Cu^II, Zn^II, or UO ₂ ^II -complexes.     

Spektralphotometrische Ermittlung der Koordinationsverhältnisse in Kristallgittern, 2. Mitt.: Die Dimorphie von Zn7Sb2O12

Zusammenfassung Im System ZnO–Sb₂O₅ existieren zwei Spinellphasen (I) und (III) gleicher Zusammensetzung Zn₇Sb₂O₁₂. Außerdem konnte noch eine weitere Modifikation (II) mit einer niedrigsymmetrischen Struktur aufgefunden werden.In (II) und (III) wurden Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺ und Co²⁺ als farbgebende Kationen eingebaut. Die spektralphotometrische Untersuchung ergab, daß Zn²⁺ in (II) sowohl oktaedrisch als auch tetraedrisch koordiniert ist. Im Spinell (III) wird Cu²⁺ sowohl in Tetraeder-und Oktaederlücken, Ni²⁺ nur in Oktaeder- und Co²⁺ vorwiegend in Oktaederlücken eingebaut.In the system ZnO–Sb₂O₅ exist two phases (I) and (III) with the spinel structure and the same composition Zn₇Sb₂O₁₂. Besides these another modification (II) with a structure of lower symmetry could be found.The colouring cations Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺ have been incorporated in (II) and (III). The spectrophotometrical investigation shows that Zn²⁺ occupies in (II) octahedral and tetrahedral sites. In the spinel (III) Cu²⁺ is incorporated tetrahedrally and octahedrally, Ni²⁺ only octahedrally and Co²⁺ predominantly octahedrally.Mit 4 Abbildungen1. Mitt.:H. Kasper, Z. anorg. allgem. Chem. (im Druck).     

Ionic Linking of Carboxymethylcellulose

Binding of Al³⁺, Cu²⁺, and Co²⁺ ions by carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) macromolecules was studied by potentiometric titration. It has been shown that the metal ions bind electrostatically over a wide pH range. Viscosimetry has found that the effectiveness of intermacromolecular CMC binding increases with increasing initial CMC concentration and in the presence of polybasic acids.__________Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 71–73, January–February, 2005.     

Electrochemical and spectroscopic studies of metal cyclam complexes with thiocyanate. Evidence for mixed ligand complex formation

Complexes of Ni^II, Co^II and Cu^II containing the macrocyclic ligand, 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam), and their ability to form mixed ligand complexes with thiocyanate have been studied. These complexes in a 1:2 mole ratio, exhibit new absorption peaks at 450, 538 and 512 nm respectively. Addition of thiocyanate to the nickel–cyclam complex (1:2:5 mole ratio) led to the formation of a purple complex, exhibiting three distinct new absorption peaks at 330, 455 and 662 nm. A purple complex (1:2:10 mole ratio) separated, having absorption peaks at 352, 503 and 693 nm in CHCl₃. The Co^II–cyclam complex with thiocyanate in the same mole ratio exhibits two absorption peaks at 437 and 519 nm without appearance of any precipitate. The Cu^II–cyclam complex with thiocyanate did not form a mixed ligand complex. Electrochemical studies also confirmed the complex formation of Ni^II–cyclam with the thiocyanate with the appearance of two new oxidation peaks close to 1.25 and 1.60 V versus Ag/AgCl in H₂O and CHCl₃. The Co^II–cyclam complex with thiocyanate exhibited an oxidation peak at 1.2 V versus Ag/AgCl, while no peak was observed for the Cu^II–cyclam complex with thiocyanate. Based on spectroscopic and electrochemical studies the geometry of the complex has been evaluated.     

Properties and structure of NiO-Al2O3 catalysts

Summary It was shown by x-ray and magnetochemical methods that the formation of spinel from coprecipitated nickel and aluminum hydroxides by thermal treatment consists of the following stages: a) formation of a solid solution of nickel and aluminum hydroxides or nickel hydroaluminate by coprecipitation; b) decomposition of the gel and crystal formation in the range 100–250°, accompanied by a sharp decrease in the water content; c) rearrangement of the crystal lattice at 250–300° to a cubic, face-centered spinel-type lattice; d) ordering of the crystal lattice at 300–700° without noticeable redistribution of Ni²⁺ ions, accompanied by a gradual decrease in water content; and e) further ordering of the crystal lattice at 700–1200° with redistribution of Ni²⁺ ions in accordance with the reversibility coefficient of spinel NiAl₂O₄.     

Kinetics of the exchange between MnO or Mn3O4 and some divalent cations in aqueous solution

The kinetics of the exchange between MnO or Mn₃O₄ and Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, or Zn²⁺ ions in solution, was determined by measuring the γ-activity of⁵⁶Mn acquired by the solution after shaking with the neutron irradiated solid. The results indicated a fast exchange followed by a slower apparently diffusion-controlled exchange. The exchange capacity increased in the series: Co²⁺<Ni²⁺<Cu²⁺=Zn²⁺ for MnO and Ni²⁺<Co²⁺<Zn²⁺<Cu²⁺ for Mn₃O₄. The trends could not be satisfactorily explained by the ionic radii or crystal field stabilisation-energies. In the case of MnO, the results were discussed in terms of the estimated standard enthalpy change of the exchange reaction.     

Particle diffusion kinetics of exchange for transition metal ions in crystalline tin(IV) antimonophosphate

Summary The kinetics of exhange of Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ ions in crystalline tin(IV) antimonophosphate were studied under different conditions of temperature, exchanging ion concentration and the particle size of the exchanger. The kinetics were controlled by particle diffusion and the t^1/2 law operated up to 65–75% of exchange. The entropies of activation and energies of activation for all the cations used showed no appreciable variation. Reduction in particle size of the exchanger caused an increase in the relative exchange rates and a decrease in the diffusion coefficients.     

Stereoselective chlorination of phenylacetylene compounds in the systems K2S2O8-MCln-pyridine

It was shown that the main products of oxidative chlorination of acetylenes by the system K₂S₂O₈-MCl_n in pyridine are transdichloroalkenes. It was established that the formation of chloro-derivatives from unsaturated hydrocarbons proceeds only in the presence of ions of metals of variable valence (Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, Fe³⁺). A possible reaction scheme is proposed.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 243–246, July–August, 1995.