太赫兹光谱技术在毒品检测中的应用研究

综述了近年来将太赫兹光谱技术应用于毒品检测与识别方面的研究成果：利用自主研发的可移动式小型太赫兹时域光谱仪作为实验平台,建立了含有38种纯度在90%以上的毒品太赫兹光谱数据库;用密度泛函理论进行了光谱解析;讨论了干涉以及包装物对光谱的影响;结合人工神经网络、支持向量机等方法对毒品光谱进行定性识别;同时,研究确定毒品纯度和有效成份含量的理论和实验方法。     

主要抗生素的太赫兹光谱检测与分析研究进展

抗生素具有治疗各种细菌感染或致病微生物感染类疾病的作用,获得主要抗生素的吸收特性可对抗生素添加进行有效的定性定量监测和控制,在医药、畜牧和水产业等领域都有重要意义和使用价值。太赫兹光谱技术作为一种无损、高效、便捷的新型光谱探测技术,在国防安全、信息通信、材料、环境生物医学、农业和食品安全等领域有良好的应用前景。文章介绍了太赫兹时域光谱技术(THz-TDS)检测系统的组成结构和工作原理,综述了现阶段太赫兹时域光谱技术在常用抗生素方面检测与分析的主要研究进展,重点归纳了β-内酞胺类、氨基糖苷类、四环素类、喹诺酮类、大环内脂类和磺胺类等主要抗生素的太赫兹定性识别与定量分析研究,给出了太赫兹时域光谱技术在主要抗生素检测方面的研究潜力和存在问题,为太赫兹技术未来用于主要抗生素定性定量快速检测仪器设备研发提供参考。     

红薯淀粉中添加剂明矾的定性和定量太赫兹时域光谱技术检测

应用太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)技术对红薯淀粉中的添加剂明矾进行了实验研究,获得了红薯淀粉和明矾的太赫兹时域光谱和频域光谱,通过计算得到二者的吸收系数谱和折射率谱,吸收系数谱显示明矾在太赫兹波段有明显的特征吸收峰,可以用THz-TDS技术对淀粉中的明矾进行特征识别。实验获得了红薯淀粉中掺杂不同百分比(质量分数)明矾的太赫兹时域光谱,计算得到吸收系数谱和折射率谱,发现随着明矾含量的增加吸收峰的幅度下降,折射率逐渐下降,说明THz-TDS技术可以用于淀粉中明矾的定性识别和定量检测。     

太赫兹时域光谱技术用于老化炸药检测

库存炸药老化情况的检测对炸药的性能、安全性和稳定性研究意义重大.现有的老化炸药检测手段,如扫描显微技术,傅里叶变换红外光谱技术,气相色谱-质谱技术等,或者不能分辨炸药老化与否,或者只能从表观上进行分析,不能反映炸药分子结构的变化.首先应用密度泛函理论(DFT),计算了炸药老化前后分子吸收频谱变化,从计算结果可以看出炸药分子老化前后的吸收光谱在老化前后变化明显;然后分析了太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)系统及其分辨率和测量频谱范围,结合已有实验结果以及太赫兹波本身的特点,从可行性、准确性和实用性三方面对太赫兹时域光谱技术应用于炸药老化检测进行了论证,从而提出了应用太赫兹时域光谱技术进行炸药老化检测的新方法.     

利用太赫兹时域光谱定性鉴别不同品种的苜蓿的研究

这项研究是利用太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)技术结合多元统计方法,对14种外表看起来极其类似的不同苜蓿牧草品种进行鉴定识别的可行性研究。通过实验测试获得苜蓿牧草品种在0.1～1.5 THz有效波段的吸收系数和折射率等光谱参数,并且测试光谱揭示不同种类的苜蓿牧草在时间延迟、吸收强度和折射率等物理参量的平均值上都有所不同。尽管以上提到的这些太赫兹特征差异意味着太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)鉴定识别牧草品种是可行的,但是,由于没有特征吸收峰作为指纹谱识别依据,因此,本文利用多元统计方法聚类分析(CA)和主成分分析(PCA)在光谱参数和不同品种的苜蓿草种之间建立模型用以进行辅助验证,通过CA方法计算得到牧草间的欧氏距离以及通过PCA方法获得牧草的任何两个样本的PC1分值显示CA和PCA之间存在着很好的一致性,说明CA和PCA两种多样统计方法均能反映牧草间的差异。因此,太赫兹时域光谱技术结合多元统计方法能够成为一种有效的快速检测识别不同苜蓿牧草品种的方法,进而为将来建立牧草品种太赫兹光谱数据库奠定基础。     

太赫兹时域光谱技术应用研究进展

随着光子技术和材料科学技术的进步,太赫兹波技术得到了突破性的发展,太赫兹技术的应用研究也迅速扩展到了越来越多的领域。本文介绍了本研究组在太赫兹时域光谱仪软件开发和太赫兹光谱技术应用方面的研究进展。主要包括:太赫兹时域光谱仪操控软件的开发;太赫兹光谱数据库开发;太赫兹光谱智能解析软件的开发;太赫兹光谱技术用于妇科癌组织诊断;太赫兹光谱技术用于中草药大黄的品质鉴定;太赫兹光谱技术用于食品中农药含量分析;太赫兹光谱技术用于同分异构分子分析等。并对实际应用的有关问题进行了讨论。     

利用太赫兹时域光谱定性鉴别不同品种的苜蓿的研究（英文）

这项研究是利用太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)技术结合多元统计方法,对14种外表看起来极其类似的不同苜蓿牧草品种进行鉴定识别的可行性研究。通过实验测试获得苜蓿牧草品种在0.1～1.5THz有效波段的吸收系数和折射率等光谱参数,并且测试光谱揭示不同种类的苜蓿牧草在时间延迟、吸收强度和折射率等物理参量的平均值上都有所不同。尽管以上提到的这些太赫兹特征差异意味着太赫兹时域光谱(THzTDS)鉴定识别牧草品种是可行的,但是,由于没有特征吸收峰作为指纹谱识别依据,因此,本文利用多元统计方法聚类分析(CA)和主成分分析(PCA)在光谱参数和不同品种的苜蓿草种之间建立模型用以进行辅助验证,通过CA方法计算得到牧草间的欧氏距离以及通过PCA方法获得牧草的任何两个样本的PC1分值显示CA和PCA之间存在着很好的一致性,说明CA和PCA两种多样统计方法均能反映牧草间的差异。因此,太赫兹时域光谱技术结合多元统计方法能够成为一种有效的快速检测识别不同苜蓿牧草品种的方法,进而为将来建立牧草品种太赫兹光谱数据库奠定基础。     

太赫兹时域光谱在邮件隐匿危险品检测中的应用

随着电子商务的快速发展,邮件数量剧增,在邮件中隐匿危险品已经成为犯罪分子重要的犯罪手段,威胁公共安全和社会稳定。邮件的安全检查变得尤为重要,而常规的检测技术不能准确识别危险品。太赫兹波是介于红外和微波之间的电磁波,邮件中隐匿的爆炸物、毒品和有害生物因子等在太赫兹波段存在特征吸收光谱,而邮件常用的非极性包装材料可以被太赫兹波穿透。太赫兹波还具有低能性、相干性等特性,这些特性使得太赫兹技术可以实现邮件隐匿危险品高灵敏度的无损检测。文章介绍了太赫兹技术的特性,太赫兹时域光谱系统的组成和获取光学常数的菲涅尔公式解析法。该方法通过样品透射或反射信号和参考信号来获取包括吸收光谱在内的材料参数。将样品的太赫兹特征吸收光谱和已建立的各种危险品的光谱特征数据库进行比对,可以判断是否为危险品以及危险品种类。对爆炸物、毒品在太赫兹波段的特征吸收光谱的研究成果,及在各种非极性材料遮挡下吸收光谱的特异性的研究进展进行了总结。获取吸收光谱的解析法适用于较厚样品,针对薄样品,还介绍了一种P-谱法。该方法不需要参考信号就能准确获取覆盖物下样品的吸收光谱。除直接利用吸收光谱做检测外,近些年还提出了很多其他识别危险品的方法,如光谱动力学分析法,化学计量学方法和基于太赫兹时域光谱的成像分析法等。其中,光谱动力学分析法可以很好的区分吸收频率有重叠的物质;化学计量学方法可以对混合物进行成分的定性和定量分析;光谱成像法可以完成较大面积的隐匿危险品识别。分析了太赫兹时域光谱技术识别有害生物因子的可行性,以及针对有害生物因子携带量小的特点,总结了太赫兹时域光谱技术在提高生物因子检测灵敏度方面的研究进展。探讨了太赫兹技术在邮件安检应用中一些有待解决的问题,如太赫兹功率有限、受环境因素影响较大、缺乏统一的标准等,展望了未来的发展趋势。     

基于衰减全反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术的食用油光谱特性研究

食用油是人类营养和能量的重要来源,为人体提供必需的脂肪酸,研究食用油在太赫兹波段光学特性,对食用油成分分析及品质评价具有重要价值。衰减全反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术是一种新型的太赫兹时域光谱技术,通过样品与倏逝波的相互作用,获取样品的太赫兹光谱。与透射式或反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术相比,该技术能有效地避免测量食用油等液体样品时样品池对光学参数的影响,并能获得样品的精确光学参数。分别利用透射式太赫兹时域光谱技术和衰减全反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术测量了大豆油的吸收光谱。结果表明,与透射式太赫兹时域光谱技术相比,衰减全反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术能更有效地提取大豆油的吸收系数、吸收峰分布等光学特性。进一步利用衰减全反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术研究了大豆油、核桃油、葡萄籽油在太赫兹波段的光学特性,获得了三种食用油在1~1.8 THz范围内的折射率谱和吸收光谱。利用密度泛函理论计算了食用油中四种主要成分(软脂酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸)在太赫兹波段的振动、转动模式,理论计算结果同实验测量结果吻合较好。研究表明,在太赫兹波段食用油的吸收峰与所含脂肪酸分子种类与含量有关,其主要来源为脂肪酸分子的低频振动和转动。研究成果对食用油成分定性定量分析及品质检测等具有指导意义。     

日用洗化产品的THz波谱分析

太赫兹波具有低能、瞬态、宽带等特殊性质,在精细化工检测领域的应用日趋广泛.本文利用太赫兹时域光谱技术,对不同种类的洗发液进行了光谱检测,获得了不同洗发液在0.2～2.0 THz频段下的太赫兹光谱,旨在分析THz-TDS技术对洗发液类日常洗化产品进行鉴定识别的可行性.研究发现,在各样品所对应的THz频段内,不同品牌洗发液...     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.