光折变光栅在超短脉冲光照射下衍射的研究

利用Kogelnik单色光在体光栅中衍射效率公式推导出超短脉冲光读出稳态光折变体光栅时的衍射光频谱表达式，并在此基础上导出了脉冲光读出时的总衍射光强及总光强衍射效率.研究发现衍射光的频谱分布、总光强及衍射效率与光栅周期Λ、光栅厚度d和读出光脉冲宽度Δτ有密切的关系.通过调整这些参量，光折变光栅可以对入射的超短脉冲光实现不同程度的滤波作用.该结论可用于超短脉冲的整形研究.     

超短脉冲激光光束在一维反射型体全息光栅中的衍射

基于Kogelnik的耦合波理论,研究了在色散效应的影响下,超短脉冲激光光束在反射型体全息光栅中衍射的性质.研究给出了衍射光及透射光在频谱域及时间域的振幅及强度分布、光栅的光谱宽度及衍射效率随光栅参量及入射条件的变化.数值研究的结果表明,在光栅记录介质色散效应的影响下,衍射光束的光谱宽度减小,脉冲展宽,衍射效率降低.通过适当的选取光栅参量及入射条件,可以控制衍射和透射光束的频谱和时间强度分布,得到满意的衍射和透射光束的带宽和波形,从而可以将其应用于脉冲整形等技术中.     

超短脉冲激光经透射型体Bragg光栅的时域特性

利用Kogelnik耦合波理论对超短脉冲激光经透射型体Bragg光栅的时域衍射特性进行了研究,讨论了透射型体Bragg光栅的群延迟色散和光栅结构参数之间的关系,分析了群延迟色散和频谱剪切对衍射脉冲时域强度分布的影响.结果表明:当入射超短脉冲脉宽为100fs时,经透射型体Bragg光栅衍射后的脉冲展宽主要源自光栅对入射脉冲的频谱剪切,当入射超短脉冲脉宽为10fs时,衍射脉冲的展宽量不仅受频谱剪切的影响,而且与光栅的群延迟色散密切相关.     

短脉冲光在光伏光折变晶体中写入和擦除光折变光栅理论研究

利用GC Valley的准连续光(Quasi-cw)近似模型,研究了短脉冲激光(纳秒ns量级)在光伏光折变材料LiNbO3晶体中写入和擦除光折变光栅的过程,给出了空间电荷场随时间变化的表达式.理论研究表明,空间电荷场的形成和擦除与两个时间参量有关,在考虑或者不考虑光生伏打效应两种情况下,这两个参量随擦除光强的变化有基本相同的变化规律,光栅的写入和擦除有相同的结果.同样,擦除一个光栅所需的光能量在两种情况下也有相同的结果.因此,在短脉冲光入射光折变晶体材料情况下,考虑光生伏打效应与不考虑光伏效应,对短脉冲光在光折变LiNbO3晶体中写入和擦除光栅基本没有影响.     

超短脉冲激光光束被局域体全息光栅衍射的性质分析

利用二维耦合波理论,分析了超短脉冲激光光束被完全重叠型的局域体全息光栅衍射的时空变化性质,给出了衍射和透射脉冲激光光束沿光栅出射边界的强度时空分布。以LiNbO3晶体为例,数值研究了衍射光脉冲强度沿光栅出射边界的分布和脉冲波形的变化及光栅的总衍射效率受光栅二维尺寸、入射角度、光栅折射率调制度及入射脉冲的脉冲时域半峰全宽等条件的影响而变化的情况。与一维体全息光栅对超短脉冲激光光束衍射的性质,及此光栅对连续光衍射的性质作比较,给出了合理选择光栅参量及入射条件以在光栅出射边界上得到总衍射效率较大且分布较均匀的衍射光脉冲的方法。     

飞秒脉冲通过多层体光栅后的衍射光强分布

基于单层体光栅的耦合波理论和矩阵光学知识,推导出飞秒脉冲通过多层体光栅衍射后的耦合波方程,并由此得到衍射光强谱和瞬时衍射效率表达式.研究结果发现衍射光强谱和瞬时衍射光强分布是与多层体光栅的结构参量,如中间填充层厚度、光栅层厚度、光栅常量及体光栅材料的折射率调制度有关系的.通过调节这些参量,获得了不同形状和不同宽度的衍射脉冲.该结果可用于设计基于多层体光栅的光通信和光脉冲整形器件.     

透射型光折变体全息光栅对超短脉冲激光光束衍射的特性

在Kogelnik耦合波理论的基础上,考虑光栅记录介质的色散效应的影响,研究了光折变体全息光栅对不同偏振状态的超短脉冲激光光束衍射的性质,讨论了高斯型入射脉冲激光光束的谱宽与光栅的有效衍射谱宽之比不同时,衍射和透射光束的光谱宽度、时间宽度、波形和衍射效率的变化。结果表明,光栅的有效衍射谱宽受光栅参量及入射条件的影响,对衍射性质的影响很大,且在考虑光栅记录介质的色散效应时减小。当入射脉冲的偏振方向垂直于入射面时,光栅的有效衍射谱宽大于偏振方向平行于入射面的情形,衍射效率在入射脉冲宽度较大时小于偏振方向平行于入射面的情形;谱宽比较大时,衍射光束的时间分布曲线产生展宽和变形,且比偏振方向平行于入射面的情形展宽和变形得更加明显。     

啁啾Moire光栅波分复用/解复用器件的理论分析

根据耦合模理论,用传输矩阵法计算了啁啾Moire光栅的透射谱特性,分析表明其透射谱具有多个通带及好的通道隔离度.通过调整光栅各参量可获得通道间隔满足国际电信联盟标准的啁啾Moire光栅.     

探究光的衍射实验反向衍射条纹的成因

在光的衍射实验过程中,平行光束经过衍射光栅后,不但在与入射光同方向的观察屏上看到衍射图 样,当在与入射光相反方向放一个观察屏时,也能看到类似的衍射现象. 通过实验发现,反方向的衍射图像与光栅 基片的反射光干涉有关. 从实验和理论两方面对这一现象进行了分析论证     

高线密度X光透射光栅衍射效率

高线密度X光透射光栅是各种高分辨光栅摄谱仪的核心色散元件,为了获得较高的光谱分辨率,工作在2~5 keV能区的光谱仪需要使用5000 l/mm的X射线透射光栅。为了获得光栅的绝对衍射效率,采用同步辐射光在多个能点对5000 l/mm的X光透射光栅进行衍射效率实验标定,通过光栅相对衍射效率拟合获得了光栅结构参数,与光栅结构测量结果非常接近。然后,采用衍射效率的矩形栅线模型,计算得到了光栅的绝对衍射效率。     

Study on the instantaneous characteristics of diffracted and transmitted light of static photorefractive grating illuminated by ultra-short pulse laser

Based on Kogelnik's coupled wave theory, the time-domain diffraction and transmission of static PR gratings are theoretically studied when they are illuminated by ultra-short pulse laser. Study shows that the waveforms of the diffracted and transmitted pulses depend on the readout pulse duration, grating spacing, crystal thickness and refractive index modulation. By changing the values of these parameters, the diffracted and transmitted waveforms can be controlled. Also we find there is a displacement of diffracted and transmitted pulse along the time-axis when compared to readout pulse. Conclusions of our study could be used in many areas, such as pulse shaping and signal processing.     

Generation of femtosecond dual pulses by a transverse standing wave in a volume holographic grating

Based on Kogelnik's coupled-wave theory, it is found that when a femtosecond pulse is incident on a transmitted volume holographic grating, two transverse standing waves along the grating vector direction will be generated inside the volume holographic grating(VHG). Due to field localization of two standing waves, they have two different velocities along the propagation depth. On the output plane of the VHG, femtosecond dual pulses are generated in both the diffracted and transmitted directions. Results show that the pulse interval is determined by the refractive index modulation and thickness of the grating, while the waveform of the dual pulses is independent of the grating parameters.     

Generation of femtosecond double pulse by adjusting the refractive index modulation of volume holographic grating

Based on the modified Kogelnik’s coupled-wave theory, expressions of diffraction field distribution of volume holographic grating (VHG) are derived when it is illuminated by an ultrashort pulse. It is found that the diffracted pulse is involved into two pulses, and the two-pulse interval is found to be proportional to the refractive index modulation of the VHG. Moreover, the emergence of double pulses is periodic. An overmodulation effect of refractive index modulation of transmitted VHG is used to explain this particular diffraction behavior of the VHG. Results of our study provide a feasible method to generate interval adjustable double pulse with a simple system.     

Linear effect of doubling of the laser pulse repetition rate in the laue geometry of bragg diffraction in a photonic crystal

It has been theoretically shown that, during Bragg diffraction of a picosecond laser pulse in the Laue geometry in a linear photonic crystal, the pulse, entering the crystal structure, may be split into two transmitted and two diffracted pulses. The time interval between these pulses can be controlled by varying the crystal thickness and the modulation depth of the refractive index.     

Analysis of ultra-short pulse shaping with programmable amplitude and phase masks

Specified ultra-short pulse waveforms could be synthesized with high-resolution zero-dispersion pulse shaping system.The system and parameters are analyzed and discussed.The pulse shaping system with optimized parameters could resolve the frequency components of ultra-broad bandwidth pulse and prevent the spatial shaping of individual frequency components.The specified waveforms,Meyer wavelet and square root raised cosine pulses,are generated with programmable amplitude and phase masks.     

Experimental study of electromagnetic wave propagation in dense random media

Controlled experiments have been conducted to measure the propagation of synthetically generated pulses in dense random media. The dense media were prepared by embedding spherical dielectric scatterers in a homogeneous background medium: the size and volume fraction of the scatterers were the controlled parameters. A network analyser-based system operating in the frequency domain was used to measure the electric field reflected and transmitted by slab-shaped samples of dense media as the source signal was swept from 26.5 to 40 GHz. An inverse Fourier transform was used to convert the frequency domain response into time domain pulse waveforms. The time domain response was then used to obtain pulse propagation velocity and attenuation in the controlled samples. The experimental results are shown to be in general agreement with dense medium theories.     

Influence of medium parameters on power limiting characteristic in stimulated Brillouin scattering process

By adopting noise initiation model of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), the influence of phonon lifetime and gain coefficient of medium on power limiting characteristic is numerically investigated. Through using actual parameters of three media, CCl4, acetone, and CS2, the waveforms of transmitted pulses are simulated. The result shows that different media have little effect on the front peak of waveform,while have an obvious effect on the height of power limiting platform. When the medium which has short phonon lifetime and small gain coefficient is used, the height of power limiting platform is comparatively high. In experiment, by focusing 1064-nm, 8-ns, 18-mJ pulses into these three media, the waveforms of transmitted pulses are obtained. The experimental results are in good agreement with conclusions of theoretical simulations.     

Spectral anomalies of diffracted chirped Gaussian pulses and their potential applications

Starting from the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral and without invoking the paraxial approximation, analytical expressions for the field distribution, far-field power spectrum and temporal far-field distribution of chirped Gaussian pulses diffracted at a circular aperture are derived, which enables us to study the spectral anomalous behavior of diffracted chirped Gaussian pulses in the far field. The potential applications of spectral anomalies of ultrashort pulses are discussed. It is found that at the critical angle the spectral switch appears. The frequency difference between the two equal heights of spectral switches increases and the corresponding critical diffraction angle slightly increases as the chirp parameter increases and pulse duration decreases. In a certain region of the truncation parameter, the critical angle decreases with increasing truncation parameter. By suitably varying the pulse duration, chirp parameter and truncation parameter, information encoding and transmission are achievable in the use of chirped Gaussian pulses.     

Pulse shaping and diffraction properties of multi-layers reflection volume holographic gratings

The multi-layers coupled-wave theory is extended to systematically investigate the pulse shaping and diffraction properties of a system of multi-layers reflection volume holographic gratings (MRVHG) under ultrashort laser pulse (ULP) readout. The combined effects that the grating parameters such as the number and thickness of layers and gaps between them and the pulse duration of the input ULP have on the pulse shaping properties are considered. The pulse profiles of the diffracted and transmitted beams, the diffraction bandwidth, and the total diffraction efficiency are presented. The calculated results we have derived permit an optimal choice of grating parameters for the pulse shaping and process applications.