自制受迫振动与共振演示探究仪

教材手摇式受迫振动与手动共振实验装置稳定性差,演示的实验现象不直观且不连续,均未达到定量探究.针对装置和实验现象的不足,制作了受迫振动与共振演示探究仪,该装置能直观演示阻尼振动、受迫振动和共振现象;借助Tracker、Origin和Pr视频软件的辅助能更高效率地实现可视化教学.     

光的隧道效应实验演示

利用光的隧道效应的特点，对量子力学教学，作了简单而又直观的实验演示的尝试。     

加强物理实验教学

实验是探索物理的源泉,加强物理实验教学是使学生获得物理知识,培养观察能力、动手能力、思维能力的有效途径.1 运用现代化教学手段 做好演示实验 演示实验是物理实验教学的重要组成部分,是最直观的教学手段,为学生学习物理提供感性认识,是激发学生学习兴趣的有效方法.因此,演示实验要做到现象明显,准确直观,可见度大,效果最佳.但有些演示     

分子间存在引力实验的改进

“分子引力”实验是初中物理“分子运动论”教学中的一个重要的验证性演示实验.传统的演示实验存在着实验现象不明显,成功率不高,不便于学生观察等缺陷.利用甘油能增加液体膜韧性的特点,利用液体膜拉动吸管运动可以让学生很直观地观察到分子间的引力,降低学生对于微观现象的理解难度.     

基于光学偏振试验的量子概念分析

量子力学主要描述微小尺度下事物的行为,许多量子现象与人们日常直接经验相悖,因而量子力学的基本概念在教学过程中不容易被学生接受.偏振光实验是一个学生熟知、且实验现象直观的普通物理实验.本文着重从可观测量和测量的角度,通过对光学偏振实验现象的解释来阐述量子概念,使抽象的量子概念落实到对具体实验现象的归纳总结上来,有助于初学者认识和理解量子力学基本原理.     

物理演示实验教学在高素质新型军事人才培养中的作用

培养高素质新型军事人才是国防科技大学的核心任务之一.物理演示实验以直观、形象地演示物理现象为课程特色,可有效提高学员对物理规律、物理本质的直观认识和深刻理解,并引起学员的深入思考,在教学实践中可促进学员科学素质、综合能力和创新能力的提高.     

科苑快讯

物理学家找到演示量子紊乱效应新方法原子和基本粒子世界包含有大量现象,没有量子力学基 本知识是无法想象这些现象的。原子和基本粒子可以同时处于不同的量子状态,在日常生活中人们不必常去思考组成我们周围世界最小“砖块”——原子     

演示永磁体与运动非磁性导体相互作用实验装置的制作

应用所学知识, 自己动手制作了这套演示装置. 通过本装置可以对运动非磁性导体与永磁体间相互作 用进行探究, 并演示其相互作用产生的力矩驱动永磁体绕自身对称轴转动. 实验内容有丰富内涵, 展示了多种物理 现象. 在课堂教学、 课程设计等场合, 直观显示电磁感应原理的各种现象和技术应用, 有着良好的教学效果     

微重力环境下液体表面张力的实验观察与研究

在微重力环境中,重力的作用几乎消失,液体的表面张力起主导作用,微重力下液体的流动特性和平衡界面也会产生显著变化．为了使学生们能更真切、更直观地观察到微重力下的奇妙现象,我们搭建了短时微重力系统并开展了一些实验演示与观测研究．通过微重力系统模拟微重力环境,可以清楚地观察到液体表面的变化,更有助于同学们深入了解微重力下的物理规律和实验现象,对于激发同学们认识和发现新的规律和总结新的定律具有重要意义．     

用磁钢演示振动实验

利用电磁感应现象来演示振动中的阻尼振动、强迫振动、共振等实验有下列特点,即装置简单、操作容易、现象明显、直观.特别在有些普通物理教材中将振动一章放在电磁学后面,任课教师就特别喜欢使用这些实验.因为这此实验既能用来演示振动,还可以复习电磁感应原理及其应用,一举两得.利用磁钢演示振动实验可分为磁性弹簧振子和磁性单摆两种,下面将分别介绍:     

Understanding quantum entanglement: Qubits,rebits and the quaternionic approach

It has been recently pointed out by Caves, Fuchs, and Rungta [1] that real quantum mechanics (that is, quantum mechanics defined over real vector spaces [2–5]) provides an interesting foil theory whose study may shed some light on just which particular aspects of quantum entanglement are unique to standard quantum theory and which are more generic over other physical theories endowed with this phenomenon. Following this work, some entanglement properties of two-rebit systems are discussed and a comparison with the basic properties of two-qubit systems, i.e., the systems described by standard complex quantum mechanics, is made. The use of quaternionic quantum mechanics as applied to the phenomenon of entanglement is also discussed.     

Quantum simulations with nuclear magnetic resonance system

Thanks to the quantum simulation,more and more problems in quantum mechanics which were previously inaccessible are now open to us.Capitalizing on the state-of-the-art techniques on quantum coherent control developed in past few decades,e.g.,the high-precision quantum gate manipulating,the time-reversal harnessing,the high-fidelity state preparation and tomography,the nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) system offers a unique platform for quantum simulation of many-body physics and high-energy physics.Here,we review the recent experimental progress and discuss the prospects for quantum simulation realized on NMR systems.     

Weak Value,Quasiprobability and Bohmian Mechanics

We clarify the significance of quasiprobability (QP) in quantum mechanics that is relevant in describing physical quantities associated with a transition process. Our basic quantity is Aharonov’s weak value, from which the QP can be defined up to a certain ambiguity parameterized by a complex number. Unlike the conventional probability, the QP allows us to treat two noncommuting observables consistently, and this is utilized to embed the QP in Bohmian mechanics such that its equivalence to quantum mechanics becomes more transparent. We also show that, with the help of the QP, Bohmian mechanics can be recognized as an ontological model with a certain type of contextuality.     

Quantum mechanics from self-interaction

We explore the possibility thatzitterbewegung is the key to a complete understanding of the Dirac theory of electrons. We note that a literal interpretation of thezitterbewegung implies that the electron is the seat of an oscillating bound electromagnetic field similar to de Broglie's pilot wave. This opens up new possibilities for explaining two major features of quantum mechanics as consequences of an underlying physical mechanism. On this basis, qualitative explanations are given for electron diffraction, the existence of quantized radiationless states, the Pauli principle, and other features of quantum mechanics.     

Topological quantum mechanics for physicists

This text is an attempt to write an introduction and outline of main results of topological quantum mechanics for readers with a physical background. Instead of presenting rigorous mathematical formulations, we concentrate on explanation of the physical ideas that underline most of the constructions. We review here topological quantum mechanics, since it is the simplest in the diverse family of topological theories, which contains most of their common properties.     

Logical foundation of quantum mechanics

The subject of this article is the reconstruction of quantum mechanics on the basis of a formal language of quantum mechanical propositions. During recent years, research in the foundations of the language of science has given rise to adialogic semantics that is adequate in the case of a formal language for quantum physics. The system ofsequential logic which is comprised by the language is more general than classical logic; it includes the classical system as a special case. Although the system of sequential logic can be founded without reference to the empirical content of quantum physical propositions, it establishes an essential part of the structure of the mathematical formalism used in quantum mechanics. It is the purpose of this paper to demonstrate the connection between the formal language of quantum physics and its representation by mathematical structures in a self-contained way.     

Three-Slit Experiments and Quantum Nonlocality

An interesting link between two very different physical aspects of quantum mechanics is revealed; these are the absence of third-order interference and Tsirelson’s bound for the nonlocal correlations. Considering multiple-slit experiments—not only the traditional configuration with two slits, but also configurations with three and more slits—Sorkin detected that third-order (and higher-order) interference is not possible in quantum mechanics. The EPR experiments show that quantum mechanics involves nonlocal correlations which are demonstrated in a violation of the Bell or CHSH inequality, but are still limited by a bound discovered by Tsirelson. It now turns out that Tsirelson’s bound holds in a broad class of probabilistic theories provided that they rule out third-order interference. A major characteristic of this class is the existence of a reasonable calculus of conditional probability or, phrased more physically, of a reasonable model for the quantum measurement process.     

为什么不确定原理是量子力学的基本原理

首先给出了量子力学观测量用算子表示的物理基础，然后在此基础上说明为什么不确定原理是量子力学的基本原理。