94GHz缓变结构回旋管设计与数值模拟研究

通过分析广义传输线理论中的模式耦合系数,优化设计了一支94GHz光滑缓变结构回旋管,当电子注电压50kV,电流6A,横纵速度比1.4,工作磁场3.548 5T时,在频率94.099GHz处得到了41%互作用效率,约120kW的功率输出;与折变结构回旋管相比,缓变结构回旋管中的工作模式纯度提高约27dB,注波互作用效率提高约7%。基于自洽非线性理论计算的互作用效率与PIC模拟结果有较好的一致性。     

光子晶体平面波导与脊波导高效耦合技术的研究

利用一维变周期谐振腔阵列和非线性缓变边界，可以实现光波从脊波导到光子晶体平面波导 （PCW）的高效耦合.基于平面波展开法（PWE）和时域有限差分法（FDTD），深入分析和讨 论了普通脊波导、2D-PCW结构和本征模以及工作模式、缓变边界形状等对耦合效率的影响， 从而得出光波从脊波导到2D-PCW、再返回脊波导的统一图景.指出考虑模式转换和采用缓变 边界条件可以极大提高PCW与脊波导间的耦合效率.对PC-PW边界采用线性和非线性缓变结构 进行了仿真，讨论了边界缓变程度对耦合效率的影响.结果表明，采用模式耦合和PC-PW余弦 缓变边界时的耦合效率在较宽的带宽内超过了95%. 关键词： 光子晶体波导 脊波导 PWE FDTD 耦合边界     

170 GHz缓变截面开放式谐振腔传播特性模拟

在数值计算方法的基础上,编程模拟了高次模式TE31,12模在传统及改进型开放式缓变截面谐振腔的传播特性,计算了开放式缓变截面谐振腔的绕射品质因数,研究了改进型缓变截面谐振腔连接段的曲率半径对绕射品质因数的影响。结果表明,连接段曲率半径越大,绕射品质因数值越小。为了证明结论的正确性,利用仿真软件HFSS对另一工作于低次模TE0,1模的改进型缓变截面谐振腔进行仿真计算,并和编程计算结果比较,也得到了同样的结论。     

基于混合左右手和人工传输线的平面双定向耦合器

利用人工传输线作为右手传输线,与混合左右手传输线(CRLH-TL)进行耦合,实现左手传输线和右手传输线的混合耦合,构造了一种新型的定向耦合器。该耦合器具有后向耦合、小型化、结构紧凑的特点。实验测试结果表明:耦合器的工作频率在1.3~1.8 GHz,相对百分比带宽达到32%,实现了10 dB的耦合度,比常规微带线定向耦合器具有更大的耦合度调节范围,隔离度大于25 dB。实验测试结果与电磁仿真结果相吻合。     

变阻抗传输线能量传输效率分析

采用数值方法分析了阻抗各向同性、波速不变的变阻抗传输线（指数型、双曲型和线性型）的电压反射系数,得到了能量传输效率与归一化频率、阻抗变比之间的关系。结果表明,在低频条件下(归一化频率小于2),指数传输线的能量传输效率最高。计算了Z300装置变阻抗传输线的能量传输线效率,指数线为91.6%、双曲线为90.4%,圆锥线为91.2%。     

脉冲压缩系统微波输入耦合窗的设计

在高功率微波(HPM)脉冲压缩系统中，储能谐振腔能否实现最大储能效率，微波输入耦合窗的正确设计是非常重要的。谐振腔与波导管之间采用的是耦合孔，当假定腔体是无耗时，则其等效传输线电路如图1所示。jX^-L与jtanβd的并联构成了耦合孔平面处总的归一化输入阻抗为Z^m=jX^-L tanβd/(X^-L tanβd)希望空腔谐振在谐振时与波导匹配，     

基于Add-drop型微环谐振腔的硅基高速电光调制器设计

相比于传统的All-pass型微环谐振腔硅基电光调制器, Add-drop型微环谐振腔可提供更多的设计自由度, 使调制器在不改变杂质掺杂浓度的情况下就能在调制带宽和消光比性能上获得均衡考虑. 本文设计了基于Add-drop型微环谐振腔的高速、且在低调制电压下实现大消光比的硅基电光调制器, 所用微环谐振腔的半径仅仅为20 μm. 重点分析了直波导与微环谐振腔的耦合对调制器性能的影响, 发现较小的Drop端耦合系数有利于消光比的提高, 但是不能同时达到最佳的调制带宽, 因此设计上存在一个带宽和消光比性能上的折中考虑. 根据优化设计的结果进行了实际器件的制作和测试. 静态光谱测试表明, 在3 V反向偏置电压的作用下, 调制器的消光比最大可达12 dB. 动态电光响应测试中, 在仅仅1.2 V的信号幅值电压下测得了8 Gbps数据传输速率的清晰眼图. 关键词： 电光调制器 绝缘体上的硅 微环谐振腔 载流子色散效应     

基于异向传输线的亚波长谐振腔设计

 提出了一种新型的谐振腔，该谐振腔的谐振条件与普通谐振腔不同，其两个端面的总相移不必是180°的正整数倍。这种谐振腔由异向传输线和右手传输线两种不同性质的传输线级联构成，它利用耦合腔链作为异向传输线实现负相移，同轴波导作为右手传输线实现正相移，使谐振腔两个端面的总相移为零，满足谐振腔的谐振条件。由于它与传统谐振腔谐振条件不同，理论证明这种谐振腔的长度可远远小于传统谐振腔，设计实例的仿真结果表明这种新型谐振腔的长度最短仅为传统谐振腔的1/7。     

SOI微环谐振腔测试信号纹波噪声的分析（英文）

基于绝缘体上硅材料(SOI)的微环谐振腔作为各种集成微光学器件的核心部件,其传输特性的好坏直接决定微光学器件的性能优劣。结合微环谐振腔理论和多光束干涉原理对微环谐振腔测试信号中纹波的产生原因和影响因素进行了分析,通过耦合实验测试得到了纹波信号的特征参数并进行了分析,实验结果与仿真分析吻合。进一步分析了耦合光栅刻蚀深度对纹波幅值的影响及原因,为微环谐振腔结构参数的进一步优化和微环谐振腔传感系统误差分析提供了依据。     

反馈式跑道型光学微环的传感灵敏度研究

提出了一种由U型反馈波导、跑道谐振腔和敏感环组成的反馈式跑道型光学微环传感器.采用耦合模理论推导了该传感器的归一化输出光强公式,数值分析了传输损耗因子、自耦合因子和敏感环尺寸对归一化输出光强的影响.分析表明:敏感环的损耗因子对归一化输出光强的调制作用明显,只要损耗因子发生微小变化,输出光强即发生较大变化;敏感环工作在弱耦合状态时传感灵敏度较高;敏感环的尺寸对传感灵敏度影响较大,适当地调整敏感环的大小可得到陡峭的输出光强谱线.对结构参数进行优化后不仅可以输出尖锐陡峭的非对称法诺谐振光强谱线,而且具有较高的法诺谐振光谱斜率,能更好地增强传感灵敏度.在信噪比为30dB的测量系统中,优化的反馈式跑道型光学微环传感器的探测极限达4.48×10-8单位折射率.     

渐变复合腔回旋管高次谐波注-波互作用非线性模拟

利用含电流的传输线方程,在考虑多模与电子注互作用及多模耦合的情况下,对三次谐波渐 变复合腔回旋管进行了非线性模拟,计算了H₅₁-H₅₂模式下三次谐 波注波互作用,分析了多模对注-波互作用的影响. 关键词： 回旋管 渐变复合腔 多模注-波互作用 模式耦合 高次谐波     

Third-harmonic complex cavity gyrotron self-consistent nonlinearanalysis

Starting from general transmission line equations with an electron beam source, a self-consistent nonlinear theoretical model for a complex cavity gyrotron with gradual transitions is presented in this paper. The model accounts for mode coupling in the transition region of the complex cavity. The interaction between the electron beam and H₆₁-H ₆₂ RF field in the complex cavity for a third-harmonic gyrotron is simulated; many calculations are carried out under different cavity dimensions and electron beam parameters     

Whispering-Gallery-Mode Gyrotron Operation with a Quasi-Optical Antenna

High-frequency gyrotron operation in the TE611 whispering gallery mode is reported. Powers as high as 112 kW and an efficiency as high as 25.4 percent have been obtained. In addition to the TE611 mode, ten other fundamental modes with frequencies between 133.9 and 216.4 GHz were observed. A quasi-optical antenna for whispering gallery modes has been tested for the TE611 mode. The combination of this antenna and a reflector produces a well-collimated linearly polarized RF beam suitable for electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) or plasma diagnostics. The experimental conversion efficiency was determined to be 89 percent, and the cross polarization was down by 25 dB. A new quasi-optical transmission line employing this antenna has also been tested with the gyrotron. The absence of mode competition for the TE611 mode, as well as the efficient conversion of the output radiation into a linearly polarized Gaussian-like beam, substantiates the arguments for operation in surface modes in high-power gyrotrons. The implications of quasi-optical antennas for megawatt gyrotron window design are discussed.     

双共焦波导结构二次谐波太赫兹回旋管谐振腔设计

准光共焦波导具有功率容量大、模式密度低的特点,能够有效地减少模式竞争对回旋管互作用的影响,有利于高次谐波太赫兹回旋管的设计.为提高太赫兹准光回旋管的互作用效率,在共焦柱面波导的基础上,研究了一种新型高频互作用结构——双共焦波导结构,设计了一种330 GHz二次谐波双共焦结构回旋管谐振腔并对其进行了理论分析和粒子模拟.研究结果表明,双共焦谐振腔中的高阶模式能够与高次电子回旋谐波发生稳定的相互作用,并且没有模式竞争现象,具备工作在太赫兹波段的潜力.相比普通共焦波导谐振腔,双共焦谐振腔能够增强准光回旋管的注波互作用强度,提高回旋管的输出功率和工作效率.此外,结果还表明双共焦波导中的电磁波模式是一种由两个独立的共焦波导模式叠加而成的混合模式.利用这种混合模式有望实现太赫兹回旋管的单注双频工作,为新型太赫兹辐射源的研究提供了新的途径.     

3 mm波段二次谐波渐变复合腔回旋管的非线性模拟

 利用含电流的传输线方程,并在考虑多模注-波互作用及多模耦合的情况下,利用自主开发的多模高次谐波渐变结构复合腔回旋管的注-波互作用数值模拟软件,对3 mm波段二次谐波渐变复合腔回旋管进行了自洽非线性模拟,分析了H₀₂-H₀₃模式对下磁场系数、电流、电子注速度比对注-波互作用效率的影响。计算结果表明,在合适的腔体结构尺寸下,以及合适的磁场系数、电流、速度比下,注-波互作用效率可达27％。     

Numerical Simulation and Analysis of a New Type of Complex Cavity for Gyrotron Applications

A new type of complex cavity structure is used to improve the selectivity of modes in gyrotron resonant cavity with a rational position of inter-cavity wall and the shape of coupling holes between inter- and outer-cavities. The resonant characteristics of the complex cavity operating in TE₀₂₁/TE₀₃₁ mode at Ka frequency band are simulated and analyzed with Ansoft HFSS code, which shows that mode competition can effectively be alleviated with the cavity structure and it may be useful to the formation of clustered-cavity for extending interaction frequency bandwidth.     

Theoretical analysis of widely tunable external cavity semiconductor laser with sampled fiber grating

Combination of equivalent reflection cavity model and transmission line theory is applied in theoretical analysis of external cavity semiconductor lasers with sampled fiber Bragg grating. The effects of device parameters on the resonant cavity mode and the side mode suppression ratio have been discussed. For a perfect anti-coated facet and the high coupling efficiency, it is found that the Vernier effect between combed reflectivity peaks and F-P cavity modes can be destroyed and the laser will work on multi-wavelength. The high coupling efficiency plays the same role as the lower anti-reflection coating reflectivity in the side mode suppression ratio and the mode resonance. Finally, the side mode suppression ratio is investigated in detail depending on the anti-coating reflectivity, the coupling efficiency and the high-reflection coating reflectivity.     

Theory of microwave parametric down-conversion and squeezing using circuit QED

We study theoretically the parametric down-conversion and squeezing of microwaves using cavity quantum electrodynamics of a superconducting Cooper-pair box (CPB) qubit located inside a transmission line resonator. The nonlinear susceptibility chi2 describing three-wave mixing can be tuned by dc gate voltage applied to the CPB and vanishes by symmetry at the charge degeneracy point. We show that the coherent coupling of different cavity modes through the qubit can generate a squeezed state. Based on parameters realized in recent successful circuit QED experiments, squeezing of 95% approximately 13 dB below the vacuum noise level should be readily achievable.     

Singular and Hypersingular Integral Equations Techniques for Gyrotron Coaxial Resonators with a Corrugated Insert

For the first time rigorous theory is developed for eigen traveling TM modes in the resonator of the coaxial cavity gyrotron with a corrugated insert. This mathematical model can be applied for any corrugation parameters and wavelengths. Gyrotron simulation software is developed and allows to calculate mode eigenvalues, electromagnetic field components and Ohmic losses for eigen TE and TM modes. Results of the numerical investigations are presented for the ITER relevant 170 GHz coaxial cavity gyrotron developed in Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany.