光子烧结技术在印刷电子技术中的应用研究进展

光子烧结技术是一种低温、选择性、非接触式烧结技术,可以对衬底上的各种纳米材料墨水进行固化烧结,实现墨水的功能化,并获得印刷电子器件的物理性能。光子烧结技术包括激光烧结、红外烧结及闪灯烧结,它们又具有各自的应用特点,在印刷电子领域中受到了广泛的关注。本文简要介绍了光子烧结技术的一些相关研究,重点介绍了光子烧结技术在金属纳米导电墨水中的应用及研究进展。     

《液态金属印刷电子学》与《液态金属3D打印技术》出版

<正>中科院理化所与清华大学联合研究组在液态金属先进制造领域出版了两部前沿学术著作:《液态金属印刷电子学》、《液态金属3D打印技术:原理及应用》,由上海科学技术出版社,2019年1月1日出版。众所周知,电子器件是现代文明的基石。传统的电子制造工艺繁多,涉及从基底材料制备,到形成互连所需的薄膜沉积、刻蚀、封装等环节,需消耗大量原料、水、气及能源。为改变这一现状,理化所团队于     

金属纳米颗粒导电墨水的制备及其在印刷电子方面的应用

发展下一代柔性、低价和环境友好的印刷电子技术已取得大量的研究进展。印刷电子是基于印刷原理的电子制备技术,主要是将一些液体分散性好的或可溶性材料进行印刷图案化从而实现电子元器件的制备。印刷电子学涉及大量的基础学科问题,包括材料、设备、工艺与应用多方面的共性技术,但其关键技术之一在于制备环保、低成本的新型导电墨水。结合印刷电子基础与应用研究的发展现状,本文主要对金属纳米颗粒的合成及其导电墨水的制备与相关应用的最新研究进展进行了综述和讨论,并对其在传感器、薄膜晶体管(TFT)、太阳能电池及RFID等方面的最新应用进展进行了概述。     

印刷电子用金属材料的墨水化及图案化研究进展

印刷电子是采用印刷工艺,把功能性墨水快速印制在有机或无机基材上,形成各种电子元件和线路的科学与技术。其中墨水的制备,即各种功能材料的墨水化,以及后续在软基材上的印刷成膜,即墨水的图案化,是决定印刷电子实用化发展的关键。本文主要介绍了金属材料的墨水制备及其印刷烧结技术的研究进展,讨论了印制电子带来的材料和技术的挑战及机遇,指出导电材料选择及其墨水化与图案化有机结合是未来印刷电子和材料发展的方向。     

导电油墨及其应用技术进展

印刷电子是将传统印刷工艺应用于电子产品制造的新型工艺技术,导电油墨是印刷电子关键材料之一,受到了人们的广泛关注。为了全面了解并把握导电油墨及其应用发展动态,本文结合近年来导电油墨领域文献及研究工作情况,综合分析了导电油墨的分类、构成以及其印刷工艺技术和印刷装备情况,指出导电油墨的主要发展方向在于既要开发新型功能材料（如碳纳米管、石墨烯等）在导电油墨中的应用技术,又要提高印刷成膜后导电材料间的互联性能,解决印刷电路与其它器件间的连线问题。     

可用于印刷电子的水性CNTs导电材料及其在印刷电子器件上的应用

印刷电子技术较传统硅基微电子技术具有大面积、柔性化与低成本的优势,具有广阔的应用前景。而印刷电子材料的制备是印刷电子技术得以蓬勃发展的关键所在。碳纳米管（CNTs）是近年来发展迅速的新型碳材料之一,可应用在透明导电薄膜、晶体管、电容器、传感器、催化剂、高强度材料等各个材料领域。本文主要介绍了采用双亲共聚物改性CNTs,制备适用于印刷电子的导电墨水及其在印刷电子器件上的应用。     

功能喷墨墨水的图案化与应用

近年来,利用喷墨打印技术实现材料图案化的研究取得了重要进展,功能喷墨墨水的开发成为新型材料与器件领域的研究热点之一。本文综述了功能墨水在图案化方面的研究进展,分别围绕聚合物、无机和金属墨水在图案化方面的重要进展与应用进行了介绍,进一步展望了喷墨功能墨水在先进材料图案化、功能器件制备及3D打印技术领域的应用前景。     

印刷有机数字电路及应用

印刷有机电子技术是基于印刷原理的有机电子器件制造技术,是指将有机电子材料配制成功能性油墨,用印刷方式来制造电子器件与系统的方法,其发展涉及到材料化学、微电子学等多个学科方面的知识。其独特的制造方式和器件形态具有柔性、低成本、大面积制造等优势,并且与传统硅基电子器件在应用场合上形成了互补,在生物传感、电子皮肤、柔性显示等领域展示出优势。为了及时跟进这一快速发展的领域,对领域的发展有宏观的把握,本文从印刷技术和电路系统的角度进行了全面概述,介绍了喷墨打印、丝网印刷和转印印刷等印刷技术和基于印刷技术制备的有机数字电路(反相器、与非门、环形振荡器、D触发器),以及实现功能化的印刷电子应用(RFID、电子皮肤、OLED显示驱动背板等);最后,对本领域目前存在的问题和未来发展方向做了简要探讨。     

电喷印刷柔性传感器

柔性传感器因其在弯折、扭曲、拉伸等大变形条件下具有稳定的传感性能,所以在软体机器人、可穿戴电子和生物医疗等领域具有潜在的应用前景,受到了国内外研究者的广泛关注。与传统光刻技术相比,印刷技术制造作为增材制造,具有绿色、低成本和可大面积制造的优势,被广泛应用于柔性电子器件制备。其中,电流体动力喷墨打印(电喷印)技术因其具有多种功能材料的兼容性,被认为最有可能替代传统的光刻技术,实现柔性传感器高分辨率和跨规模制造。近年来,电喷印技术在微型化柔性传感器制造领域显示出广泛的应用潜力。本综述重点介绍了电喷印刷柔性传感器的工艺、材料和应用的最新研究进展。首先,详细介绍了电流体动力喷墨打印技术的工作原理,总结了用于电喷印的各种功能性墨水材料,然后,介绍了电喷印刷中墨水和柔性基底间表界面调控的问题。随后,综述了电喷印方法在柔性压力传感器、柔性气体传感器和柔性电化学传感器等柔性传感器制造的应用进展。最后,总结讨论了下一代电喷印刷技术在柔性传感器领域的机遇与挑战。     

液态金属电极的电化学储能应用

液态金属电极电导率高,电极界面容易构建,在充放电过程中可有效避免电极结构形变、枝晶生长等问题,在储能电池领域具有重要应用价值. 本文主要讨论了液态金属电极在液态金属电池、钠硫电池和ZEBRA电池中的应用进展,重点介绍了液态金属电池关键材料体系、充放电机制及电池构型等,评述了液态金属电极储能应用中涉及的熔盐电解质、固态陶瓷隔膜、多场影响因素等方面的重要研究进展,分析了高温密封、腐蚀防护等关键问题,明确了液态金属电极在储能电池应用中的发展方向.     

MODs vs. NPs: Vying for the Future of Printed Electronics

This Minireview compares two distinct ink types, namely metal-organic decomposition (MOD) and nanoparticle (NP) formulations, for use in the printing of some of the most conductive elements: silver, copper and aluminium. Printing of highly conductive features has found purpose across a broad array of electronics and as processing times and temperatures reduce, the avenues of application expand to low-cost flexible substrates, materials for wearable devices and beyond. Printing techniques such as screen, aerosol jet and inkjet printing are scalable, solution-based processes that historically have employed NP formulations to achieve low resistivity coatings printed at high resolution. Since the turn of the century, the rise in MOD inks has vastly extended the range of potentially applicable compounds that can be printed, whilst simultaneously addressing shelf life and sintering issues. A brief introduction to the field and requirements of an ink will be presented followed by a detailed discussion of a wide array of synthetic routes to both MOD and NP inks. Unindustrialized materials will be discussed, with the challenges and outlook considered for the market leaders: silver and copper, in comparison with the emerging field of aluminium inks.     

印刷技术发展的回顾与展望

从单纯的技术角度,印刷可以定义为是通过选择性添加适当物质的方法将拟表达的信息、内容或功能呈现在适当载体上的过程,属于典型的附加型、面处理(并行处理)技术范畴,具有空间分辨率高、生产效率高和成本低的特点.正是由于这些特质,印刷是开创现代文明的重要载体,也是人类文明历史上最重要、历史最悠久的传媒技术,今天又在表面装饰、印刷电子、超高规模集成电路制备等领域得到广泛应用.作为传媒技术,印刷的核心作用是可视化,因此将适当呈色剂放置在适当载体上成为技术关键;在表面装饰和印刷电子领域中,印刷的作用是将适当功能单元(如,防护、装饰、电子或光电子功能单元)选择性放置在适当载体上,以满足装饰或/和某种功能的需要;在超高规模集成电路领域,印刷的作用主要体现在表面微加工,核心是印刷技术拥有的微纳米加工的能力.本文也是从这个几个方面,对印刷技术在过去几千年的发展历程和今后的发展趋势有一个概略的回顾和展望.     

Continuous Ink-Jet Printing Using Sol-Gel “Ceramic” Inks

Although sol-gel processing is under intense world-wide investigation, the vast majority of interest in this technique is concerned with synthesis of engineering ceramics. Sol-gel has not been widely applied to the preparation of materials for use in conventional ceramics, such as tiles and tableware. This paper describes a novel application of aqueous sol-gel processing in which sol-gel based inks are used to decorate ceramic articles by continuous ink-jet printing. These inks contain major components of the colour for ceramic decoration in the form of a colloidal aqueous sol which dries to a gel after printing and is then converted to the coloured decoration on firing. The ink can be printed directly onto the ceramic, or printed onto paper and applied as a gel transfer. The key properties in formulating the inks are addressed and experiments are described that demonstrate this process. Its potential advantages over conventional decorating methods are discussed.     

Biosurface engineering through ink jet printing

The feasibility of thermal ink jet printing as a robust process for biosurface engineering was demonstrated. The strategy investigated was to reconstruct a commercial printer and take advantage of its colour management interface. High printing resolution was achieved by formulating bio-inks of viscosity and surface tension similar to those of commercial inks. Protein and enzyme denaturation during thermal ink jet printing was shown to be insignificant. This is because the time spent by the biomolecules in the heating zone of the printer is negligible; in addition, the air and substrate of high heat capacity absorb any residual heat from the droplet.Gradients of trophic/tropic factors can serve as driving force for cell growth or migration for tissue regeneration. Concentration gradients of proteins were printed on scaffolds to show the capability of ink jet printing. The printed proteins did not desorb upon prolonged immersion in aqueous solutions, thus allowing printed scaffold to be used under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Our group portrait was ink jet printed with a protein on paper, illustrating that complex biopatterns can be printed on large area. Finally, patterns of enzymes were ink jet printed within the detection and reaction zones of a paper diagnostic.     

3D Printing in analytical sample preparation

In the last 5 years, additive manufacturing (three‐dimensional printing) has emerged as a highly valuable technology to advance the field of analytical sample preparation. Three‐dimensional printing enabled the cost‐effective and rapid fabrication of devices for sample preparation, especially in flow‐based mode, opening new possibilities for the development of automated analytical methods. Recent advances involve membrane‐based three‐dimensional printed separation devices fabricated by print‐pause‐print and multi‐material three‐dimensional printing, or improved three‐dimensional printed holders for solid‐phase extraction containing sorbent bead packings, extraction disks, fibers, and magnetic particles. Other recent developments rely on the direct three‐dimensional printing of extraction sorbents, the functionalization of commercial three‐dimensional printable resins, or the coating of three‐dimensional printed devices with functional micro/nanomaterials. In addition, improved devices for liquid–liquid extraction such as extraction chambers, or phase separators are opening new possibilities for analytical method development combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography. The present review outlines the current state‐of‐the‐art of three‐dimensional printing in analytical sample preparation.