Optical Computed Tomography Imaging of Absorbers in a Highly Scattering Medium by Detection of Photons Preserving Initial Polarization

A method utilizing light polarization was applied to take the projection data of absorbers in a highly scattering medium. The floor level of the projection data due to diffused light was significantly suppressed by detection of photons which preserved initial polarization. An optical computed tomgraphy image was reconstructed from the projection data taken by this method and exhibited higher spatial resolution than the image reconstructed from the projection data by conventional method.     

聚束非相干合成孔径激光成像雷达研究

反射层析激光成像雷达只能获得目标的二维轮廓像,不能对平面目标进行成像。报道了聚束模式下的非相干合成孔径激光成像雷达实验,在这种成像模式下,可以对二维平面目标进行图像重构。采用侧视观察的模式获取目标的角度-距离-强度信息,然后通过滤波反投影实现平面目标的图像重建,并进行了计算机仿真,证明了实验结果的正确性。该系统作为非相干合成孔径激光雷达的一种,实现了区别于目标轮廓的二维成像,具有一定的实际意义和使用价值。     

Undersampled MRI reconstruction with patch-based directional wavelets

Compressed sensing has shown great potential in reducing data acquisition time in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In traditional compressed sensing MRI methods, an image is reconstructed by enforcing its sparse representation with respect to a preconstructed basis or dictionary. In this paper, patch-based directional wavelets are proposed to reconstruct images from undersampled k-space data. A parameter of patch-based directional wavelets, indicating the geometric direction of each patch, is trained from the reconstructed image using conventional compressed sensing MRI methods and incorporated into the sparsifying transform to provide the sparse representation for the image to be reconstructed. A reconstruction formulation is proposed and solved via an efficient alternating direction algorithm. Simulation results on phantom and in vivo data indicate that the proposed method outperforms conventional compressed sensing MRI methods in preserving the edges and suppressing the noise. Besides, the proposed method is not sensitive to the initial image when training directions.     

自由基聚合型光致聚合物中全息图像质量的动态特性研究

用实验方法研究了光致聚合物中全息存储再现图像质量的动态特性,以信噪比损失作为图像质量变化的衡量指标,进行了暗增长和均匀后曝光过程监测图像实验。实验结果表明,在暗增长和均匀后曝光过程中,再现图像强度和质量经历先增长后下降的动态过程。以噪声光栅的形成和发展对实验结果进行了初步的解释。以信噪比损失不大于3 dB为判据考察了全息图对暗反应和均匀后曝光过程的宽容程度,对于不同的记录条件确定了暗反应和均匀后曝光过程的特征时间。在特征时间内,再现图像的质量和强度都是可以接受的。在复用记录时,为保证所有全息图有均衡的衍射效率和良好的图像质量,必须考虑再现图像质量和强度的动态变化因素。     

菲涅耳望远镜合成孔径激光成像雷达实验室验证

对菲涅耳望远镜合成孔径激光成像雷达进行了实验室尺度条件下的原理验证实验。实验中利用不同曲率半径、垂直正交偏振的两个球面波通过二维(2D)扫描方式照明远距离处的目标,接收望远镜接收到的目标回波经过偏振分光镜分成两束作为信号光和本振光进入2×4 90°桥接器,桥接器输出的四路光信号被两个平衡探测器接收,平衡探测器输出电信号经模数转换后经过复数化、两维相位二次项匹配滤波算法处理后可以重构出目标图像。对4.3m处点目标和2D面目标进行了成像实验,取得了具有良好成像分辨率和对比度且带有散斑效应的预期成像结果,证明了该合成成像激光雷达概念的正确性。     

Data consistency criterion for selecting parameters for k-space-based reconstruction in parallel imaging

k-space-based reconstruction in parallel imaging depends on the reconstruction kernel setting, including its support. An optimal choice of the kernel depends on the calibration data, coil geometry and signal-to-noise ratio, as well as the criterion used. In this work, data consistency, imposed by the shift invariance requirement of the kernel, is introduced as a goodness measure of k-space-based reconstruction in parallel imaging and demonstrated. Data consistency error (DCE) is calculated as the sum of squared difference between the acquired signals and their estimates obtained based on the interpolation of the estimated missing data. A resemblance between DCE and the mean square error in the reconstructed image was found, demonstrating DCE's potential as a metric for comparing or choosing reconstructions. When used for selecting the kernel support for generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA) reconstruction and the set of frames for calibration as well as the kernel support in temporal GRAPPA reconstruction, DCE led to improved images over existing methods. Data consistency error is efficient to evaluate, robust for selecting reconstruction parameters and suitable for characterizing and optimizing k-space-based reconstruction in parallel imaging.     

Progressive EPR imaging with adaptive projection acquisition

Continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) of living biological systems requires rapid acquisition and visualization of free radical images. In the commonly used multiple-stage back-projection image reconstruction algorithm, the EPR image cannot be reconstructed until a complete set of projections is collected. If the data acquisition is incomplete, the previously acquired incomplete data set is no longer useful. In this work, a 3-dimensional progressive EPRI technique was implemented based on inverse Radon transform in which a 3-dimensional EPR image is acquired and reconstructed gradually from low resolution to high resolution. An adaptive data acquisition strategy is proposed to determine the significance of projections and acquire them in an order from the most significant to the least significant. The image acquisition can be terminated at any time if further collection of projections does not improve the image resolution distinctly, providing flexibility to trade image quality with imaging time. The progressive imaging technique was validated using computer simulations as well as imaging experiments. The adaptive acquisition uses 50-70% less projections as compared to the regular acquisition. In conclusion, adaptive data acquisition with progressive image reconstruction should be very useful for the accelerated acquisition and visualization of free radical distribution.     

数据偏差对双随机位相解码重构图像噪声特性的影响

双随机位相编码解码技术是应用于图像隐藏领域的一种重要方法。在已编码信息的记录及传递过程中,由于复制、修饰、图像压缩等人为或非人为因素不可避免地会引入各种偏差,这些数据偏差最终反映为重构图像的噪声。分析并数值模拟了满足均匀分布、正态分布的随机偏差及因数据取舍而引入的偏差所导致的重构图像噪声分布。研究表明,这几种类型的数据偏差在重构图像中均会导致灰度值概率分布为高斯型函数的噪声。从理论分析和数值模拟结果来看,实施双随机位相解码运算不会降低图像信噪比,因此重构图像的噪声特性是由已编码信息在记录及传递过程中的信噪比决定的。     

光折变全息存储中消散射噪音的研究

通常光折变全息存储中用原记录时的参考光再现时,透过光折变晶体的散射光会降低再现图象的质量.我们在实验中对这种影响进行了研究,发现信噪比低的再现象是由信号-嗓音混合栅产生的相位畸变波.我们用参考光的相位共轭光作为再现光,有效地降低了再现象中的噪音,获得了高信噪比的再现图象.基于光折变波耦合理论,我们得到了和实验结果相符合的理论结果.     

双随机位相编码信息隐蔽传递过程中的融合和重构图像质量的研究

利用具有高度保密性的双随机位相编码技术,通过灰度迭加方法将编码信息的实部和虚部同时隐藏在一幅足够大的宿主图像中。在提取隐藏图像过程中直接对携带隐藏信息的融合图像进行处理,不需要利用原始宿主图像,且重构图像的质量较好,不受宿主图像的影响。在此基础上进一步对影响融合和重构图像质量的因素进行了讨论,结果表明,对于确定的宿主图像和隐藏图像可通过调整迭加权重得到最佳效果。     

Implementation and evaluation of data compression of MR images

A full-frame bit-allocation technique of data compression has been implemented using the existing computer facilities of an MR imager. Images reconstructed from compressed data files have been compared with the original image and changes in noise and pixel value measured to evaluate any image degradation introduced by the compression process. A 256 x 256 x 8 bit brain image can be compressed in 20 seconds with a compression ratio of greater than 4:1 without significant loss of information.     

Encrypting image by assembling the fractal-image addition method and the binary encoding method

The fractal-image addition method and the binary encoding method are assembled to form a hybrid method for encrypting a digital covert image. For this hybrid method, a host image is used to create an overt image with the information of the covert image. First, the fractal-image addition method is used to add some fractal images and the covert image to form an image-mixing matrix. Then, all the pixel values of the image-mixing matrix are transferred into binary data. Finally, the binary data are encoded into the host image to create an overt image. The pixels of the overt image contain eight groups of codes used for reconstructing the covert image. The eight groups of codes are identification codes, row amount codes, covert-image dimension codes, fractal-image amount codes, starting-pixel codes, character amount codes, character codes, and information codes. The overt image and the host image look almost the same for eyes. Furthermore, the covert image can be directly reconstructed from the overt image without using the host image. The most important feature is that the reconstructed covert image is identical to the original covert image, i.e. there is no distortion in the decoding work.     

A complex target terrain SAR raw data generation and evaluation based on inversed equalized hybrid-domain algorithm processing

In this paper, synthetic aperture radar raw data generation of complex target terrain based on inverse equalized hybrid-domain processing technique is proposed. Firstly, the basic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) echo model is derived via spectral analysis of extended chirp scaling. Then, the inverse equalized extended chirp scaling algorithm (ECSA) procedure is applied directly step by step to a real input SAR image in order to generate the raw data of the reference SAR image. The whole raw data generation (RDG) procedure only consists of Inverse Equalized ECSA (IEECSA) without integral equation and computation complexity, which means easier implementation and higher efficiency. By applying the resulted RDG into different image formation algorithms (IFAs), not only the final images are reconstructed but also the resulted RDG is evaluated in practice. Finally, valid image quality assessment techniques are implemented on the reconstructed images. The simulations not only confirm the validity of the proposed RDG method based on inverse equalized hybrid-domain technique but also evaluate the quality metrics of reconstructed images as a method of reliability assurance.     

连续推扫计算光谱成像技术

计算光谱成像技术具有高通量、快照成像等优点,但快照成像采样数据量不足,导致利用压缩感知方法重构图谱精度很低。通过对计算光谱成像技术各个环节进行系统研究,提出一种新型的连续推扫计算光谱成像技术,利用正交循环编码孔径代替传统的随机编码孔径,通过逐行扫描方式及正交变换可完整重构图谱数据。仿真和实际成像结果表明,连续推扫计算光谱成像技术可消除图谱混叠影响,理论上可完全重构图谱信息,重构图谱精度明显优于传统的计算光谱成像技术。相比国际上提出的多次曝光计算光谱成像技术,连续推扫计算光谱成像技术不需要改变编码孔径与探测器间的相对位置,也不需要凝视成像,系统中没有活动元件,稳定性高,适用于常规航空航天遥感推扫成像。     

Coaxial holographic data storage without recording the dc components

A technique of recovering the data pages from Fourier holograms recorded without the dc components is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally by use of a coaxial holographic storage system. A reconstructed image is obtained by adding a phase-modulated dc component of the signal beam on reading. The bit error rate of the reconstructed image is comparable with that for the hologram recorded with the dc component as well. Since high intensities of the dc components are not recorded in this technique, the dynamic range of the recording media can be saved, which potentially contributes to increasing the number of multiplexed holograms.     

Dictionary learning based sinogram inpainting for CT sparse reconstruction

In CT (computed tomography), reconstruction from undersampling projection data is often ill-posed and suffers from severe artifact in the reconstructed images. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a sinogram inpainting method based on recently rising sparse representation technology. In this approach, a dictionary learning based inpainting is used to estimate the missing projection data. The final image can be reconstructed by the analytic filtered back projection (FBP) reconstruction. We conduct experiments using both simulated and real phantom data. Compared to the comparative interpolation method, visual and numerical results validate the clinical potential of the proposed method.     

基于成像差分吸收光谱技术和压缩感知理论的烟囱烟羽断层重建研究

烟羽断层重建质量受两方面条件限制：其中一个限制条件是遥感设备的时间分辨率。以往的研究多使用多轴差分吸收光谱仪（MAX-DOAS）进行CT重建,受采集数据速度的限制,重建图像的时间分辨率较低。另一个限制条件是,采集到的数据量有限,是典型的不完全角度重建。过去多使用代数迭代重建算法或统计迭代重建算法,重建图像受测量误差的影响比较大,分辨率较低且伪影较多。构造了基于成像差分吸收光谱技术（IDOAS）的光谱数据采集系统,与多轴差分吸收光谱仪构造的系统相比,数据采集的时间分辨率提高了160多倍,基本解决了时间分辨率的问题。提出了一种基于压缩感知理论和低三阶导数模型的烟羽断层重建算法--投影凸函数集低三阶导数法,简称为POCS-LTD。在投影的过程中,使用代数重建算法使重建图像符合投影方程;在全变分迭代的过程中使用了优化算法,将低三阶导数模型的全变分归一化值作为优化算法的迭代方向,前次迭代运算结果与本次投影运算的差值的模作为迭代步长。对重建算法进行了数值模拟,并以重建图像的接近度和一致性相关因子为指标,对重建结果进行了分析。数值模拟表明,算法具有良好的抗误差能力,与传统的低三阶导数法相比,本文提出的算法将重建接近度减小了80%以上。使用烟羽数据采集系统进行了外场实验,用POCS-LTD算法对外场实验的数据进行了烟羽重建,重建图像显示烟羽图像清晰,伪影得到了较好的抑制。介绍的烟羽断层数据采集系统和烟羽断层重建算法,提高了烟羽断层重建图像的时间分辨率,减少了重建图像的伪影,扩大了光谱测量技术的应用范围。     

辐射图像脉冲去噪方法

为去除辐射图像中的脉冲噪音,建立了一种先进行脉冲噪音检测再进行噪音数据修复的联合去噪音方法.首先采用测地膨胀方法从减灰度图像出发对原图像进行形态学灰度重构,再采用灰度阈值法从原图像与重构图像的差值图像中分割检测出脉冲噪音,然后采用改进非本地均值方法对噪音数据进行修复.改进非本地均值方法对相似像素的选择范围进行了限制,从原理上避免了传统非本地均值方法用于去除辐射图像脉冲噪音时易发生的以错纠错问题,本文对其进行了数学表述.实验证明,该方法对不同类型辐射图像的脉冲噪音均具有较好滤除效果,表现出良好的噪音数据修复和图像细节保护能力.     

The influence of hologram aperture on speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital holography and its reduction

Based on the whole process of the recording and reconstruction of digital holography, we study the formation cause of speckle noise in its reconstructed image and acquire the conclusion that the small size of hologram aperture diffraction aggravates the speckle noise of reconstructed image and the speckle noise has been one of primary noise sources in the reconstruction process. In order to reduce the speckle noise resulting from little hologram aperture diffraction, we set an appropriate aperture function matching the recording parameter and aperture size of hologram and deconvolve the reconstructed image with it. The validity has been proved in theory and experiment. Therefore, it offers a brand-new thought and practical way to reduce the speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital holography.     

压缩感知在合成发射孔径医学超声成像中的应用

为了解决合成发射孔径技术在医学超声成像实现中面临的数据量大及接收通道多的问题,提出一种超声成像系统频率域稀疏性模型的压缩感知成像算法。首先对超声系统频率域稀疏性模型进行了验证;然后根据稀疏性模型利用压缩感知理论对回波信号进行压缩采样,并使用最优化方法完成回波信号重建;最终通过合成发射孔径技术完成超声成像。针对医学成像中常用的点目标及模拟胎儿目标进行成像仿真实验,对重建图像在均方误差、分辨率及成像质量等方面与常规成像结果对比分析。实验结果表明在保证成像质量的同时,仅使用30%原始数据量及50%总接收通道数目可完成成像;频率域稀疏性模型的压缩感知成像算法可以大幅度减少合成发射孔径成像所需数据量及接收通道数,极大地降低了系统复杂度。