阻挫诱导的亚铁磁性Heisenberg系统中的量子相变

利用密度矩阵重整化群(DMRG)方法研究磁性阻挫对一种S=1/2准一维反铁磁自旋链但却具有亚铁磁性的Heisenberg系统基态的影响.计算了单个晶胞的基态能、自旋关联函数以及自旋能隙.研究表明这种Heisenberg自旋系统的基态随着阻挫α的增强将从磁有序相变化到自旋无序相，并且伴随着自旋能隙的出现，量子相变点为α≈0.412.同时线形链上格点间自旋长程关联值的计算结果表明在磁有序区间体系的磁有序性质随着α的增强而减弱，阻挫在0≤α<     

阻挫诱导的亚铁磁性Heisenberg系统中的量子相变

利用密度矩阵重整化群(DMRG)方法研究磁性阻挫对一种S=1/2准一维反铁磁自旋链但却具有亚铁磁性的Heisenberg系统基态的影响.计算了单个晶胞的基态能、自旋关联函数以及自旋能隙.研究表明这种Heisenberg自旋系统的基态随着阻挫α的增强将从磁有序相变化到自旋无序相,并且伴随着自旋能隙的出现,量子相变点为α≈0.412.同时线形链上格点间自旋长程关联值的计算结果表明在磁有序区间体系的磁有序性质随着α的增强而减弱,阻挫在0≤α< 关键词： 准一维反铁磁自旋链 亚铁磁性 密度矩阵重整化群 自旋能隙     

三元Ⅲ─V半导体合金的基态有序结构

利用了自旋１／２二维Ｉｓｉｎｇ模型及其“不等式方法”,确定了三元Ⅲ─Ｖ半导体会金（００１）面外延生长中的二维平面基态有序结构和基态相图,并通过层状叠加得到了合金中可能出现的长程有序结构,较好地说明了实验发现的（００１）衬底外延生长中的长程有序现象．     

三元Ⅲ—Ⅴ半导体合金的基态有序结构

利用了自旋１／２二维Ｉｓｉｎｇ模型及其“不等式方法”，确定了三元Ⅲ－Ⅴ半导体合金（００１）面外延生长中的二维平面基态有序结构和基态相图，并通过层状叠加得到了合金中可能出现的长程有序结构，较好地说明了实验发现的（００１）衬底外延生长中的长程有序现象。     

场诱导下自旋冰系统[111]方向磁相变过程的蒙特卡洛模拟

自旋冰系统因为具有与固体水(冰Ih)中氢原子构型相同的自旋排列局域规则而具有宏观量子简并的基态,即使十分接近零温也不会达到长程磁有序态.外场的诱导将破坏基态的简并而使系统达到长程磁有序.我们在最近邻铁磁相互作用的简化模型下用蒙特卡洛方法模拟了自旋冰系统在[111]方向外场下的磁相变行为.分别给出了不同温度和不同相互作用强度下的磁化曲线,分析了系统的磁化过程中自旋的取向得有序程度以及相变,探讨了相互作用强度对系统磁相变行为的影响.     

利用碳纳米管中的自旋和轨道自由度

电子自旋在信息处理中可以被作为二元变量使用，分别表示为自旋↑和↓，一个成功的例子是：计算机硬盘的读出头．这一器件的工作原理是基于巨磁电阻效应，即磁电阻大小的自旋取向依赖性．巨磁电阻现象的发现者AlbertFert和PeterGriinberg获得了2007年度诺贝尔物理奖．对于自旋态的操控和探测构成了自旋电子学的基础．在自旋电子学器件中，     

混合自旋XY系统热纠缠的研究

本文研究了两格点、三格点以及四格点混合自旋（1／2,1）XY系统的热纠缠,通过数值计算,探讨了纠缠随温度和外磁场的变化关系．发现在外磁场不存在或比较弱的情况下,纠缠随着温度的升高单调减小．对于两格点和四格点系统,不论是铁磁还是反铁磁情况,纠缠都在同一临界温度下消失,并且这一临界值不受外磁场变化的影响．对于三格点系统,临界温度也不受外磁场的影响,但是铁磁情况下系统的临界温度高于反铁磁情况．在温度极低的环境中,纠缠在一定的磁场范围内形成稳定的平台,但是当磁场强度超过某一临界值时,纠缠完全消失．本文还对混合自旋和单一自旋系统的热纠缠进行了对比分析,发现在混合自旋系统中存在多层次的能级交错现象．     

Ru13原子簇基态的磁性

采用离散变分局域自旋密度泛函方法，研究了三种可能的高对称几何构型的由１３个钌原子组成的Ru₁₃原子簇的电子结构．结果表明，所有具有不同对称性的Ru₁₃原子簇在它们各自的平衡位置处都有两重磁性解，从能量上看，每一种构型的低自旋解都比高自旋解更为稳定．基态原子簇为Ｉ_hRu₁₃原子簇，具有４μ_B的磁矩，或每个原子具有０.３１μ_B的磁矩．这与实验测得的Ru₁₃原 关键词：     

设计阻挫

正所谓几何阻挫,是指缘起材料晶格几何结构的一类现象。阻挫系统中,如果近邻作用无法同时满足能量极小,就会出现几何阻挫。最简单的自旋阻挫系统由三个位于正三角形顶点且两两之间反铁磁耦合的伊辛(Ising)自旋组成,无论何种自旋构型都无法使所有近邻自旋满足反铁磁排列。相对于此,复杂情况下的自旋阻挫往往是系统晶格结构以及特定自旋相互作用叠加的结果。在阻挫之茫茫世界中,自旋相互作用之间的竞争会导致许多新奇     

磁体“沙漠”中的月牙泉——量子自旋液体

当温度趋于零时,如果阻挫自旋系统不呈现长程磁序也不破缺晶格对称性,而且其低能物理性质表现出分数化的量子特征,这种状态称为量子自旋液体态。量子自旋液体随着高温超导的发现而被大量研究,它超越了朗道对称自发破缺的理论框架,并促进了拓扑序理论的发展,其分类理论是以投影对称群为代表的现代数学工具。量子自旋液体中的元激发是分数化的自旋子和演生规范场的光子或量子化磁通,有能隙的量子自旋液体可应用于拓扑量子计算。研究量子自旋液体的理论工具还包括严格可解格点模型、各种不同的数值计算方法和量子场论等。实验上,三角晶格、笼目晶格、六角晶格甚至三维格点系统中的量子自旋液体候选材料相继被发现和深入研究,探测手段包括核磁共振、中子散射、热输运等,调控方法包括高磁场、高压强等。确切的量子自旋液体材料的寻找仍在持续进行中,近些年发展尤其迅速。中国研究人员做出了很多努力,并在部分方向上逐步开始起引领作用。量子自旋液体是一个充满困难和挑战的研究领域,也是一个充满魅力和活力的领域。     

Long-range frustration in a spin-glass model of the vertex-cover problem

In a spin-glass system on a random graph, some vertices have their spins changing among different configurations of a ground-state domain. Long-range frustrations may exist among these unfrozen vertices in the sense that certain combinations of spin values for these vertices may never appear in any configuration of this domain. We present a mean field theory to tackle such long-range frustrations and apply it to the NP-hard minimum vertex-cover (hard-core gas condensation) problem. Our analytical results on the ground-state energy density and on the fraction of frozen vertices are in good agreement with known numerical and mathematical results.     

Signature of the ground-state topology in the low-temperature dynamics of spin glasses

We numerically address the issue of how the ground-state topology is reflected in the finite temperature dynamics of the +/-J Edwards-Anderson spin glass model. In this system a careful study of the ground-state configurations allows us to classify spins into two sets: solidary and nonsolidary spins. We show that these sets quantitatively account for the dynamical heterogeneities found in the mean flipping time distribution at finite low temperatures. The results highlight the relevance of taking into account the ground-state topology in the analysis of the finite temperature dynamics of spin glasses.     

Magnetic Phase Transition Driven by Frustrated Interactions in a Longitudinal‐Field Ising Chain

The ground‐state magnetic phase transitions in a classical spin chain with long‐range interactions in a system of trapped ions are investigated. The tunable competing interactions, mediated by both longitudinal and transverse photon modes, lead to competition among different spins, due to which magnetic frustration occurs. Various ground‐state spin configurations are separated by multiple phase transitions when the strength and sign of these interactions are tuned continuously. The spin chains are highly degenerated because of the frustration, so there is some melting of several magnetic phases.     

Absence of a spontaneous long-range order in a mixed spin-(1/2, 3/2) Ising model on a decorated square lattice due to anomalous spin frustration driven by a magnetoelastic coupling

The mixed spin-(1/2, 3/2) Ising model on a decorated square lattice, which takes into account lattice vibrations of the spin-3/2 decorating magnetic ions at a quantum-mechanical level under the assumption of a perfect lattice rigidity of the spin-1/2 nodal magnetic ions, is examined via an exact mapping correspondence with the effective spin-1/2 Ising model on a square lattice. Although the considered magnetic structure is in principle unfrustrated due to bipartite nature of a decorated square lattice, the model under investigation may display anomalous spin frustration driven by a magnetoelastic coupling. It turns out that the magnetoelastic coupling is a primary cause for existence of the frustrated antiferromagnetic phases, which exhibit a peculiar coexistence of antiferromagnetic long-range order of the nodal spins with a partial disorder of the decorating spins with possible reentrant critical behavior. Under certain conditions, the anomalous spin frustration caused by the magnetoelastic coupling is responsible for unprecedented absence of spontaneous long-range order in the mixed-spin Ising model composed from half-odd-integer spins only.     

Metamagnetic phase transition of the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg icosahedron

The observation of hysteresis effects in single molecule magnets like Mn12-acetate has initiated ideas of future applications in storage technology. The appearance of a hysteresis loop in such compounds is an outcome of their magnetic anisotropy. In this Letter we report that magnetic hysteresis occurs in a spin system without any anisotropy, specifically where spins mounted on the vertices of an icosahedron are coupled by antiferromagnetic isotropic nearest-neighbor Heisenberg interaction giving rise to geometric frustration. At T = 0 this system undergoes a first-order metamagnetic phase transition at a critical field Bc between two distinct families of ground state configurations. The metastable phase of the system is characterized by a temperature and field dependent survival probability distribution.     

Coexistence of long-range order and spin fluctuation in geometrically frustrated clinoatacamite Cu2Cl(OH)3

Muon spin rotation experiments are carried out on clinoatacamite, Cu2Cl(OH)3, which is a new geometrically frustrated system featuring a three-dimensional network of corner-sharing tetrahedral 3d Cu2+ spins. A long-range antiferromagnetic order occurs below 18.1 K with a surprisingly small entropy release of about 0.05Rln2/Cu. Below 6.5 K, the static long-range order transforms abruptly into a metastable state with nearly complete depolarization of muon spins which suggests strong fluctuation. The system then enters a state in which partial long-range order and spin fluctuation coexist down to the lowest experimentally attainable temperature of 20 mK. This work presents a novel system for studying geometric frustration.     

Magnetic anisotropy,exchange coupling and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction of two-dimensional magnets

The two-dimensional (2D) magnets provide novel opportunities for understanding magnetism and investigating spin related phenomena in several atomic thickness. Multiple features of 2D magnets, such as critical temperatures, magnetoelectric/magneto-optic responses, and spin configurations, depend on the basic magnetic terms that describe various spins interactions and cooperatively determine the spin Hamiltonian of studied systems. In this review, we present a comprehensive survey of three types of basic terms, including magnetic anisotropy that is intimately related with long-range magnetic order, exchange coupling that normally dominates the spin interactions, and Dzyaloshinskii−Moriya interaction (DMI) that favors the noncollinear spin configurations, from the theoretical aspect. We introduce not only the physical features and origin of these crucial terms in 2D magnets but also many correlated phenomena, which may lead to the advance of 2D spintronics.     

Giant enhancement of quantum decoherence by frustrated environments

Decoherence in a system of two antiferromagnetically coupled spins that interact with a spin bath environment is studied. Systems are considered that range from the rotationally invariant to highly anisotropic spin models and have different topologies and values of parameters that are fixed or are allowed to fluctuate randomly. We explore the conditions under which the two-spin system clearly shows an evolution from the initial spin-up-spin-down state towards the maximally entangled singlet state. We demonstrate that frustration and, especially, glassiness of the spin environment strongly enhances the decoherence of the two-spin system. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Ground-state long-range order in quasi-one-dimensional Heisenberg quantum antiferromagnets: high-order coupled-cluster calculations

We investigate the ground-state magnetic long-range order of quasi-one-dimensional quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnets for spin quantum numbers s = 1/2 and s = 1. We use the coupled cluster method to calculate the sublattice magnetization and its dependence on the inter-chain coupling J_⊥. We find that for the unfrustrated spin-1/2 system, an infinitesimal inter-chain coupling is sufficient to stabilize magnetic long-range order, in agreement with results obtained by other methods. For s = 1, we find that a finite inter-chain coupling is necessary to stabilize magnetic long-range order. Furthermore, we consider a quasi one-dimensional spin-1/2 system, where a frustrating next-nearest neighbor in-chain coupling is included. We find that for stronger frustration as well, a finite inter-chain coupling is necessary to have magnetic long-range order in the ground state, and that the strength of the inter-chain coupling necessary to establish magnetic long-range order is related to the size of the spin gap of the isolated chain.     

Order by disorder and gaugelike degeneracy in a quantum pyrochlore antiferromagnet

The (three-dimensional) pyrochlore lattice antiferromagnet with Heisenberg spins of large spin length S is a highly frustrated model with a macroscopic degeneracy of classical ground states. The zero-point energy of (harmonic-order) spin-wave fluctuations distinguishes a subset of these states. I derive an approximate but illuminating effective Hamiltonian, acting within the subspace of Ising spin configurations representing the collinear ground states. It consists of products of Ising spins around loops, i.e., has the form of a Z2 lattice gauge theory. The remaining ground-state entropy is still infinite but not extensive, being O(L) for system size O(L3). All these ground states have unit cells bigger than those considered previously.