渗透汽化型酯化膜反应器研究：PVA／PSSA共混聚合物管式复合膜的膜反？…

聚合物共混是制备具有预定性能的功能膜材料的有铲方法。报道了以惰性攻陶瓷管为支撑体的ＰＶＡ／ＰＳＳＡ共混聚合物管式复合膜的制备及其在渗透汽化型酯化膜反应器中不同实验条件下的膜催化反应性能。     

渗透汽化型酯化膜反应器研究聚合物／无机固体酸管式复合膜？…

设计了渗透汽化型管式膜反应器,以乙酸丁酯合成反应为探针,考察了Ｚｒ（ＩＶ）／ＰＶＡ,Ｚｒ（ＩＶ）－ＰＶＡ／ＰＶＡ两类聚合物担载无机固体酸管式复合膜的膜催化反尖性能。探讨了功能膜的组成,结构,反应条件等对膜反应和分离性能的影响以及同步膜分离过程对反应转化的促进作用。实验结果表明,膜催化酯化反应过程主要是依赖与料液接触侧膜表面层的催化活性,膜的催化活性是影响反应速率,特别是初期反应转化速率的主要因素,     

渗透汽化型酯化膜反应器研究 聚合物/无机固体酸管式复合膜的膜反应性能

设计了渗透汽化型管式膜反应器,以乙酸丁酯合成反应为探针,考察了Ｚｒ（ＩＶ）／ＰＶＡ,Ｚｒ（ＩＶ）－ＰＶＡ／ＰＶＡ两类聚合物担载无机固体酸管式复合膜的膜催化反应性能。探讨了功能膜的组成,结构,反应条件等对膜反应和分离性能的影响以及同步膜分离过程对反应转化的促进作用。实验结果表明,膜催化酯化反应过程主要是依赖与料液接触侧膜表面层的催化活性,膜的催化活性是影响反应速率,特别是初期反应转化速率的主要因素,后期的超平衡转化则依赖于膜分离过程     

Zr（Ⅳ）／PVA功能膜的膜催化酯化反应研究

在催化与渗透汽化分离技术相偶合的渗透汽化型膜反应器中，研究了羧酸酯的液相合成反应．实验中制备了两类具有强酸催化活性的ｚｒ（Ⅳ）／ＰＶＡ（聚乙烯醇）功能膜，采用管式膜方式，以乙酸正丁酯的合成反应为探针，对这类新型的催化反应技术在催化活性、分离性能以及分离对反应转化的影响等方面进行了探索性研究。从得到的结果看，膜催化酯化反应过程的反应条件和缓，转化率可达到９８％，反应的选择性为１００％．     

Zr（IV）／PVA功能膜的膜催化酯化反应研究

在催化与渗透汽化分离技术相偶合的渗透汽化型膜反应器中，研究了羧酸酯的液相合成反应。实验中制备了两类具有强酸催化活性的Ｚｒ（Ⅳ）／ＰＶＡ（聚乙烯醇）功能膜，采用管式膜方式，以乙酸正丁酯的合成反应为探针，对这类新型的催化反应技术在催化活性、分离性能以及分离对反应转化的影响等方面进行了探索性研究。从得到的结果看，膜催化酯化反应过程的反应条件和缓，转化率可达到９８％，反应的选择性为１００％。     

聚苯乙炔LB多层膜及其光电导性能的研究

制备了聚苯乙炔（ＰＰＡ）ＬＢ多层膜，将其作为电荷产生层首次应用于机能分离型光电导体领域．从π Ａ曲线发现，ＰＰＡ单分子膜具有表面压力的各向异性和松弛特性．ＴＥＭ照片显示，ＰＰＡ分子链在ＬＢ膜中有序排列．转移比和ＸＰＳ的研究表明，复合膜沉积均匀．与ＰＰＡ涂膜相比，以ＰＰＡ ＬＢ多层膜作为电荷产生层的光电导体表面充电电位Ｖ０＝１３４５Ｖ，光照１ｓ后的光衰百分比ΔＶ１ｓ＝６５０５％，半衰时间ｔ１／２＝０５８ｓ，具有更优异的光电导性能．     

聚丙烯腈原液膜的制备和性能

以溶液聚合的聚丙烯腈原液为铸模液，研究了溶液铸腊法工艺参数：铸膜液温度、凝胶水温度、铸膜液浓度等对膜性能的影响。结果表明，不存在蒸发时间的影响以及不调整原液的组分和浓度是聚俩烯腈原液于其它膜制作技术的显著特点。调节有关制膜工艺参数即可获得特定用途的超滤分离膜。在具有三层结构、平均孔径为５ｎｍ的聚丙烯腈原液干膜上复合了聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）的ＰＶＡ／ＰＡＮ复合膜，分离醇水溶液的渗透汽化（ＰＶ）性能优良。     

高选择性透过二氧化硫气体分离膜的研究 （Ⅳ）不同烃基乙烯基亚砜接枝聚乙烯醇膜的透过性能

研究了不同烃基乙烯基亚砜接枝聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ－ＲＶＳＯ，Ｒ＝Ｍｅ，Ｅｔ，ｔ－Ｂｕ，Ｐｈ）膜对纯ＳＯ２、Ｎ２的透过性能以及ＳＯ２／Ｎ２混合气体的分离性能．结果表明上述膜对ＳＯ２具有高的选择性．对不同烃基乙烯基亚砜接枝膜进行了比较．     

醇／水混合液分离用聚乙烯醇复合膜的渗透汽化特性

制备了聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）／聚丙烯睛（ＰＡＮ）渗透汽化复合膜，研究了交联剂用量、底膜结构、进料液组成、操作温度等因素对膜的渗透汽化性能的影响．发现ＰＶＡ／ＰＡＮ复合膜对水／醇混合液表现为水优先透过，进料液中乙醇浓度在６０～９９ｗｔ％的范围内，渗透通量Ｊｔ与温度之间符合Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ关系，选择分离系数αＷ／Ｅ也随温度上升而增大．进料液为９５ｗｔ％的乙醇／水混合液时，７５℃下Ｊｔ高达３００～４５０ｇ／ｍ２ｈ，αＷ／Ｅ为８００～１１００．对异丙醇／水、异丁醇／水及甘油／水混合体系，复合膜显示出更为优秀的透过、分离性能．就膜的化学、物理结构与其渗透汽化性能间的关系进行了讨论．     

再生纤维素／聚乙烯醇共混膜的研究

由纤维素铜氨溶液与不同体积比（１－１０％）的聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）水溶液共混制备了一系列再生纤维素共混膜．扫描电镜结果表明ＰＶＡ含量大于８％时，该共混膜产生明显相分离．当ＰＶＡ低于５％时，共混膜相容性较好．膜的结晶度，抗张强度，直角撕裂强度，断裂伸长及耐热性均优于单独用钢氨液制备的再生纤维素膜．此外，用流动速率法和超滤法测定了膜的孔径，渗透性及纯水通量，结果表明共混膜的孔性没有明显变化．本文得出：再生纤维素与５％ＰＶＡ共混能改善力学性能，并且能保持其生物降解性．     

An efficient nanofiltration membrane based on blending of polyethersulfone with modified (styrene/maleic anhydride) copolymer

In this study, styrene–maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer was modified by ring opening reaction of its anhydride groups with diethanolamine (DEA). The modified SMA copolymer was blended in different concentrations (2.5, 4 and 5.5 %) with Polyethersulfone (PES) to improve the hydrophilicity of PES membranes and the corresponding blend membrane was prepared through phase inversion. The influence of SMA copolymer on morphology, mechanical properties, water flux, rejection and anti-fouling properties of blend membrane were investigated. The modified SMA and their composition were confirmed by FT-IR and ¹HNMR techniques. The asymmetric structure of membrane was revealed by SEM. The water flux and contact angle results show that the hydrophilicity of membrane surface was increased by addition of SMA copolymer. The better anti-fouling properties of the PES/modified SMA blend membranes in comparison with the PES membrane also confirmed that the hydrophilicity of blend membrane enhances.     

What are the expectations of liquid membranes in ion separations?

The transport of radionuclides and metals in environment and living organisms is to a great extent controlled by multi-compartment, multi-stage liquid film diffusion and biological membrane transfer, often resulting in very selective and segregative process. The separative catalytic power of liquid membranes, and biomimetic membranes in particular is not always unambiguous at present state of art, but still promising. The scope of SIS '91 Conference was in the looking for interdisciplinary approach in that field of separation of ionic solutes.     

Structural and mechanical characterizations of microporous silica–boron membranes for gas separation

This paper presents structural and mechanical characterizations of microporous silica membranes for gas separation. The membrane separative layer is made of microporous silica–B₂O₃ produced via a sol–gel process. This layer of about 200 nm of thickness is deposited on the internal surface of a tubular asymmetric γ-alumina/α-alumina support. FTIR and Raman analyses indicate the presence of the boron in the silica net and the above methods in conjunction with ¹¹B MAS NMR analyses of the samples indicate that boron is located mainly in the tetrahedral framework position. Such membranes present interesting gas separation properties at temperatures up to 500 °C and transmembrane pressures lower than 8 bar. He permeance values close to 10⁻¹⁰ kmol m⁻² s⁻¹ Pa⁻¹ are obtained, associated with ideal selectivity α(He/CO₂) which can reach 55. Mechanical properties of separative silica-modified layers are measured by nanoindentation and the coefficient of thermal expansion is obtained from pure material.     

季胺盐对共混聚酰亚胺膜气体除湿性能的影响

季胺盐对共混聚酰亚胺膜气体除湿性能的影响;共混改性;聚酰亚胺;季胺盐;亲水性;除湿     

耗散粒子动力学模拟Nafion膜和PVA/Nafion共混膜的介观结构

采用耗散粒子动力学模拟方法研究了水化Nafion膜和水化聚乙烯醇(PVA)/Nafion共混膜的微结构.模拟结果表明水化Nafion膜和水化PVA/Nafion共混膜均能形成相分离的微结构.在水化Nafion膜中,水与磺酸根混合形成管状的水团簇.随着膜内水含量增多,管状水团簇的尺寸逐渐变大并在膜内形成连续的水通道.在水化PVA/Nafion共混膜中,PVA、水、磺酸根混合形成亲水性区域.共混膜中PVA的质量分数和水含量共同影响膜的微结构.当膜中PVA质量分数较低时,PVA主要分布在Nafion的磺酸根基团周围;PVA质量分数升高后,PVA会在膜内单独成一相.当膜中的水含量相对较低时,水分子会溶解于PVA中,此时膜内不存在单独的水团簇;膜中的水含量增多后,膜内会形成接近于球形的水团簇.本文工作可为直接甲醇燃料电池用的PVA改性Nafion膜的开发提供参考.     

Improved Mechanical Properties of Poly(butylene succinate) Membrane by Co-electrospinning with Gelatin

Gelatin, a natural proteinous polymer, was used to co-electrospin with poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) in order to improve the mechanical properties of PBS membrane and facilitate its applications in biomedical field. The PBS/gelatin blend membranes have narrower distribution of fiber diameter and smoother surface than neat PBS membrane. The contact angles, water absorption rates and water uptakes of the PBS/gelatin blend membranes were measured, showing increased hydrophilicity. The interaction between PBS and gelatin was investigated by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mechanical properties of PBS/gelatin blend membranes in both dry and wet states were evaluated by uniaxial tensile tests. In the dry state, the PBS/gelatin blend membrane containing 10% gelatin has a 3-times increase in tensile strength without any adverse effect on ductility because of the existence of interaction between the two blend components, little change in crystallinity of PBS, and possible interaction between any adjacent fibers; the tensile strength and elongation at break are even better in the wet state attributed to some gelatin on fiber surfaces, which act as a binder in the presence of water. The potential applications of PBS/gelatin blend membranes were demonstrated by successful immobilization of thrombin, a clinically-used hemostatic drug. The thrombin-loaded membrane could be used for rapid hemostasis.     

An adiabatic type of palladium membrane reactor for coupling endothermic and exothermic reactions

Palladium can play an interesting role as a catalytic membrane, that is, a hydrogen separative and catalytically active wall. Utilizing this function, a palladium membrane reactor capable of working under an adiabatic condition was designed in this study for coupling two conjugated reactions. On one side of the membrane, dehydrogenation of cyclohexane as a model takes place in the catalyst-packed layer, and on the membrane surface of the other side hydrogen permeated reacts in-situ with oxygen. In the adiabatic membrane reactor, a heat compensation between the endothermic dehydrogenation and the exothermic oxidation is expected to be realized. As a result, it became obvious experimentally that the generated heat due to the oxidation refluxed to the dehydrogenation side, heated up the catalyst layer and therefore enhanced the dehydrogenation. A simple mathematical model derived for analyzing the reaction process could simulate the practical reactor performances well.     

聚环氧乙烷（PEO）／壳聚糖（CS）共混膜的醇－水渗透蒸发性能研究

研究了ＥｔＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ，ｎ－ＰｒＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ，ｉ－ＰｒＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ体系在ＣＳ膜和ＰＥＯ／ＣＳ共混膜中的渗透蒸发性能。讨论了料液温度、料液浓度、共混膜组成对分离性能的影响，结果发现ＰＥＯ的掺入能大大提高ｃｓ膜的渗透通量；而分离因子下降。同时从膜材料的聚集态结构出发对相关的渗透蒸发行为进行了讨论。对于ＰＥＯ／ＣＳ共混膜，膜内自由体积的大小是影响分离性能的主要因素，小分子在膜中的渗透蒸发行为主要是由扩散过程控制的。本文还研究了ＰＥＯ的掺入对壳聚塘膜强度的影响以及利用ＤＳＣ谱研究ＰＥＯ掺入后壳聚糖膜聚集态结构的变化。     

磺化聚芳醚砜/磺化聚酰亚胺复合质子交换膜的制备与性能研究

利用溶液浇铸法制备了一系列双磺化型磺化聚芳醚砜/磺化聚酰亚胺(SPAES/SPI)复合质子交换膜.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果显示复合膜不存在明显的相分离,表明二者具有很好的相容性.由于SPI的引入,复合膜在甲醇中稳定性较纯SPAES具有大幅的提高,比Nafion112低得多的甲醇吸收率表明了这些复合膜具有比后者更低的甲醇透过率.复合膜显示了与单组分膜相类似的高温分解稳定性,磺酸基团的分解温度达到了290℃以上.复合膜显示出远高于纯SPAES膜的尺寸稳定性能,在130℃高温中200h处理后,所有的复合膜均保持了高的机械性能,而此时纯SPAES膜已经溶解于水中.而且由于两种磺化聚合物间的复合,复合膜维持了较高的IEC水平,显示了较高的质子导电率,在80%相对湿度时的质子导电率与Nafion112相近,而在水中的质子导电率均高于Nafion112.