Particle-number-conserving analysis of multiquasiparticle bands in ~(177)Lu

The experimental one-, three-, and five-quasiparticle bands in ~(177)Lu are analyzed by the particle-number conserving (PNC) method for treating the cranked shell model with pairing interaction, in which the blocking effects are taken into account exactly. The experimental moments of inertia are reproduced very well by PNC calculations with us free parameter.     

Microscopic Mechanism of Large Fluctuation in Odd-Even Differences in Moments of Inertia for Actinide Nuclei

The experimental large fluctuation in odd-even differences in moments of inertia of deformed actinide nuclei is investigated using the particle-number conserving (PNC) method for treating the cranked shell model with monopole and quadrupole pairing interactions. PNC calculations show that the large odd-even difference in moments of inertia mainly comes from the interference contributions j(μν) from particles in high j intruder orbitals μ and ν quite near the Fermi surface, which have no counterpart in the BCS formalism. The effective monopole and quadrupole pairing interaction strengths are determined to fit the experimental odd-even differences in binding energies and bandhead moments of inertia. The experimental results for the variation of moments of inertia with rotational frequency ω are reproduced well by the PNC calculation. The nearly identical experimental moments of inertia between ²³⁶U(gsb) and ²³⁸U(gsb) at low frequencies ħω≤0.20 MeV are also reproduced quite well.     

Nonadditivity in moments of inertia of high-K multiquasiparticle bands

The experimental high-K 2- and 3-quasiparticle bands of well deformed rare-earth nuclei are analyzed. It is found that there exists significant nonadditivity in moments of inertia (MOIs) for these bands. The microscopic mechanism of the rotational bands is investigated by the particle number conserving (PNC) method in the frame of cranked shell model with pairing, in which the blocking effects are taken care of exactly. The experimental rotational frequency dependence of these bands is well reproduced in PNC calculations. The nonadditivity in MOIs originates from the destructive interference between Pauli blocking effects.     

Nonadditivity in moments of inertia of high-K multiquasiparticle bands

The experimental high-K 2-and 3-quasiparticle bands of well deformed rare-earth nuclei are analyzed.It is found that there exists significant nonadditivity in moments of inertia(MOIs)for these bands.The microscopic mechanism of the rotatiohal bands is investigated by the particle number conserving(PNC)method in the frame of cranked shell model with pairing.in which the blocking effects are taken care of exactly.The experimental rotational frequency dependenEe of these bands is well reproduced in PNC calculations.The nonadditivity in MOIs originates from the destructive interference between Pauli blocking effects.     

稀土变形奇A核173,175Hf的多准粒子高K转动带的粒子数守恒分析

用处理推转壳模型的粒子数守恒方法分析了稀土奇A变形核^173,175Hf的3准粒子和5准粒子高K转动带,包括转动惯量、顺排角动量,以及推转Nilsson能级上的粒子填布几率随转动角频率的变化.计算中无自由参数.实验观测结果在计算中得到较好地重现.分析了多准粒子带与相邻偶偶核基态带的转动惯量变化规律不同的微观机制.在这里Fermi面邻近高j闯入态的堵塞效应起了举足轻重的作用.     

Blocking Effect and Moments of Inertia of K = 1／2 Rotational Band in ^171Yb

The K=1/2 rotational band in ¹⁷¹Yb is investigated using the particle number conserving (PNC) method for treating the cranked shell model with monopole and quadrupole pairing interactions. The experimental moments of inertia of ¹⁷¹Yb [521]1/2 (signature α =±1/2) are reproduced well by the PNC calculation, in which no free parameter is involved. The difference in the contribution to the moment of inertia between protons and neutrons is mainly due to the blocking effect of neutron normal orbitals. The ω variation of the occupation probability of each cranked orbital and the contribution to the moment of inertia from each major shell and from each cranked orbital are investigated.     

Particle-Number Conserving Analysis for High K Multi-Quasiparticle Bands in Odd-A Deformed Nuclei 173,175Hf

Using the Particle-number Conserving (PNC) method for treating the cranked shell model, the high K multi-quasiparticle bands in odd-A deformed nuclei ^173,175Hf are analyzed, including the variation with rotational frequency of the moment of inertia, angular momentum alignment and occupation probability of each cranked Nilsson orbital. No free parameters are involved in the PNC calculation and the experimental results are reproduced well. The microscopic mechanism of the difference between the multi-quasiparticle high K bands and the yrast bands in neighboring even-even nuclei is investigated, where the blocking effects of high j intruder orbitals near the Fermi surface play a crucial role.     

Implementation of physical-layer network coding

This paper presents the first implementation of a two-way relay network based on the principle of physical-layer network coding (PNC). To date, only a simplified version of PNC, called analog network coding (ANC), has been successfully implemented. The advantage of ANC is that it is simple to implement; the disadvantage, on the other hand, is that the relay amplifies the noise along with the signal before forwarding the signal. PNC systems in which the relay performs XOR or other denoising PNC mappings of the received signal have the potential for significantly better performance. However, the implementation of such PNC systems poses many challenges. For example, the relay in a PNC system must be able to deal with symbol and carrier-phase asynchronies of the simultaneous signals received from multiple nodes, and the relay must perform channel estimation before detecting the signals. We investigate a PNC implementation in the frequency domain, referred to as FPNC, to tackle these challenges. FPNC is based on OFDM. In FPNC, XOR mapping is performed on the OFDM samples in each subcarrier rather than on the samples in the time domain. We implement FPNC on the universal soft radio peripheral (USRP) platform. Our implementation requires only moderate modifications of the packet preamble design of 802.11a/g OFDM PHY. With the help of the cyclic prefix (CP) in OFDM, symbol asynchrony and the multi-path fading effects can be dealt with simultaneously in a similar fashion. Our experimental results show that symbol-synchronous and symbol-asynchronous FPNC have essentially the same BER performance, for both channel-coded and non-channel-coded FPNC systems.     

Physical-layer network coding: Tutorial,survey, and beyond

The concept of physical-layer network coding (PNC) was proposed in 2006 for application in wireless networks. Since then it has developed into a subfield of network coding with wide implications. The basic idea of PNC is to exploit the mixing of signals that occurs naturally when electromagnetic (EM) waves are superimposed on one another. In particular, at a receiver, the simultaneous transmissions by several transmitters result in the reception of a weighted sum of the signals. This weighted sum is a form of network coding operation by itself. Alternatively, the received signal could be transformed and mapped to other forms of network coding. Exploiting these facts turns out to have profound and fundamental ramifications. Subsequent works by various researchers have led to many new results in the domains of (1) wireless communication, (2) information theory, and (3) wireless networking. The purpose of this paper is fourfold. First, we give a brief tutorial on the basic concept of PNC. Second, we survey and discuss recent key results in the three aforementioned areas. Third, we examine a critical issue in PNC: synchronization. It has been a common belief that PNC requires tight synchronization. Recent results suggest, however, that PNC may actually benefit from asynchrony. Fourth, we propose that PNC is not just for wireless networks; it can also be useful in optical networks. We provide an example showing that the throughput of a passive optical network (PON) could potentially be raised by 100% with PNC.     

Atomic parity non-conservation: Present status and future prospects

The general features of parity nonconservation (PNC) in atoms arising from neutral weak currents and the nuclear anapole moment are discussed. The theoretical approaches used to calculate PNC observables are briefly mentioned. A brief review of the present status of atomic PNC is presented and its potential as a probe of physics beyond the standard model is highlighted.     

Hf高自族态推转壳模型PNC方法研究

用推转壳模型ＰＮＣ方法研究了１６６Ｈｆ９４－１７０Ｈｆ９８核，计算了这三个核晕带和次晕带间的带交叉频率、带间互作用强度、顺排角动量和转动惯量等，并与实验值作了比较，结果表明在Ｎｉｌｓｓｏｎ势参数完全按照Ｌｕｎｄ系统学选取的情况下，理论计算值与实验值符合得较好．     

Parity nonconservation and Brosa modes in nuclear fission

The parity nonconserving (PNC) asymmetry coefficient for the angular distribution of fragment emission from binary fission of²³³U irradiated by polarized thermal neutrons has been measured. Complementary fragments were detected by a double ionization chamber with high resolving power. The experiment was carried out at the high flux reactor of the ILL, Grenoble. Integrated over all masses and energies of light fragments from asymmetric fission of²³⁴U^h, the PNC asymmetry coefficient is found to be =(3.29±0.31) × 10^–4.The positive sign of indicates a preferential emission of light fragments parallel to the spin of neutrons inducing fission. Theory claims that PNC effects are sensitive to the properties of the fission barrier. On the other hand, one may wonder whether characteristics of eventual fragments are already specified at the barrier. The measurement of PNC asymmetries for distinct mass-energy ranges of fragments has been utilized to answer this question. Mass-energy distributions of fragments were analyzed along the lines of the Brosa model of fission as a superposition of individual modes. Within experimental uncertainty no mode dependence of asymmetric fission could be disclosed. The result is in keeping with the Brosa model where asymmetric modes bifurcate only once the standard fission barrier has been passed.     

利用无人机多源传感器估算马铃薯植株氮含量

快速准确地获取作物的植株氮含量(PNC)信息,是农业精细化管理的关键和数字农业发展的研究热点。近年来,随着无人机和传感器技术的发展,利用多种传感器信息监测作物理化参数逐渐引起国内外学者的关注。以马铃薯为研究对象,首先,基于无人机获取了马铃薯现蕾期、块茎形成期、块茎增长期、淀粉积累期和成熟期的高光谱影像和数码影像,同时采集各生育期的地面数码影像,并实测了株高(H)、PNC和11个地面控制点(GCPs)的三维空间坐标。其次,利用无人机数码影像结合GCPs生成试验区域的数字表面模型(DSM),分别从无人机数码影像和DSM中提取马铃薯的地面覆盖度(VC_uav)和株高(H_dsm),并利用地面数码影像计算的覆盖度(VC)和实测H验证提取的VC_uav和H_dsm的精度。然后,根据高光谱反射率数据计算绿边参数(GEPs),构造GEPs×H_dsm×VC_uav,GEPs/(1+VC_uav),(GEPs+VC_uav)×H_dsm和GEPs/(1+H_dsm) 4种融合特征参数(FFPs),对高光谱影像信息和数码影像信息进行融合。最后,将各生育期提取的GEPs和构造的FFPs分别与PNC作相关性分析,筛选最优绿边参数（OGEP）和最优融合特征参数(OFFP)构建5个生育期的PNC线性估算模型,并根据相关性较高的GEPs和FFPs利用偏最小二乘(PLSR)和人工神经网络(ANN) 2种回归方法构建PNC的多参数估算模型,结果表明：(1)基于无人机数码影像提取的H_dsm和VC_uav具有较高的精度,可以代替实测H和VC估算作物理化参数。(2)与GEPs相比,前4个生育期,构造的大部分FFPs与PNC的相关性更高,能更好地反映马铃薯的氮营养状况。(3)马铃薯5个生育期,OFFP估算PNC的效果优于OGEP。(4)与单参数模型相比,基于GEPs和FFPs利用PLSR和ANN 2种方法构建的模型精度和稳定性均明显提高,其中,以FFPs为模型因子利用ANN方法构建的模型效果最好。该研究表明融合高光谱绿边参数和高清数码相机传感器提取的株高和覆盖度信息能显著提升PNC的估算精度,可为马铃薯氮营养状况的动态无损监测和多源传感器信息的应用提供参考。     

ZnO nanoparticles dispersed PVA–PVP blend matrix based high performance flexible nanodielectrics for multifunctional microelectronic devices

Polymer nanocomposite (PNC) films based on the blend matrix of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) (50/50 wt%) incorporated with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (i.e., (PVA–PVP)–x wt% ZnO; x = 0, 1, 3 and 5) were prepared by solution-cast method. The behaviour of polymer-polymer and polymer-nanoparticle interactions in the PNC films was ascertained by employing X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray, and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopies. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were performed for the morphological characterization, whereas the thermal and optical properties of the PNC films were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, respectively. The dielectric and electrical behaviour of these PNC materials were determined by employing the dielectric relaxation spectroscopy over the frequency range from 20 Hz to 1 MHz. The influence of ZnO concentration on the degree of PVA crystalline phase and the crystallite size, surface morphology and roughness of the films, the glass phase transition and melting phase transition temperatures, direct and indirect optical energy band gap, refractive index, complex permittivity, electrical conductivity, activation energy and the structural dynamics of these PNC materials were explored. The investigated properties of the PNC films were credited to an innovation and engineering of novel high performance flexible nanodielectrics in the area of advanced functional materials for their promising applications especially in the next generation optoelectronic, gas sensor and microelectronic devices.     

基于卫星波段的马铃薯植株氮素含量估测

植株氮素浓度是反应作物氮素营养状况的关键指标,对作物的产量与品质具有重要的影响。作物大面积氮素营养的实时监测不仅对区域上氮肥投入提供决策,而且还对区域上氮素循环的估算提供依据。传统的地面传感器虽然有较高的精度,但很难在区域尺度上大面积获取数据,且目前存在的高光谱卫星影像如MODIS,Hyperion的空间分辨率普遍不高。随着卫星遥感的发展,近些年来高空间分辨率的多通道卫星逐渐发射升空,这些高分辨率的卫星遥感数据将对大尺度上植被生理生化指标反演提供可能。该研究从2014年-2016年在内蒙古阴山北麓武川县进行了三年不同氮水平的马铃薯田间试验,借助地面马铃薯冠层高光谱实测数据,模拟近几年发射的具有红边波段的多通道卫星WorldView-2和VENμS不同宽度波段,并构建多种光谱指数,建立光谱指数与马铃薯地上部植株氮素浓度的估测模型,进行马铃薯关键生育期冠层氮素营养的实时监测。结果表明,波段宽度和波段位置的选择决定着光谱指数对氮素浓度的响应程度,基于红边波段的光谱指数具有更高的灵敏性。生育时期显著影响光谱指数对马铃薯地上部氮素浓度的估测能力,苗期土壤背景对光谱反射率具有显著干扰,马铃薯块茎形成期后植株氮素浓度的预测效果最佳。基于WorldView-2和VENμS卫星红光、红边和近红外特定波段构成的融合光谱指数NDRE/NDVI相对其他指数来说在马铃薯植株氮素浓度估测上更具优势,与不同生育时期马铃薯植株氮素浓度都具有较高的相关性,相关系数r在0.63～0.81之间。其中,生殖生长期基于VENμS卫星红光、红边和近红外通道构成的融合光谱指数VENμS-NDRE/NDVI与马铃薯植株氮素浓度相关性最高（r=0.81）,模型验证结果的决定系数为0.56,且验证误差较小,RMSE和RE%分别为0.38%,10.45%,模型估测值与实测值的验证斜率最接近1,为0.82;WorldView-2-NDRE/NDVI与马铃薯植株氮素浓度也具有较高的相关性（r=0.74）,模型验证结果的决定系数为0.49,验证误差RMSE和RE%分别为0.41%和11.12%,模型估测值与实测值的验证斜率为0.78。多通道卫星模拟的结果证明,基于红边宽波段的融合光谱指数能用来进行马铃薯植株氮浓度的监测。     

QED Theory of Transition Probabilities and Line Profiles in Highly Charged Ions

A rigorous QED theory of the spectral line profiles is applied to transition probabilities in few-electron highly charged ions. Interelectron interaction corrections are included as well as radiative corrections. Parity nonconserving (PNC) amplitudes with effective weak interactions between the electrons and nucleus are also considered. QED and interelectron interaction corrections to the PNC amplitudes are derived.     

High-accuracy calculation of 6s --> 7s parity-nonconserving amplitude in Cs

We calculated the parity-nonconserving (PNC) 6s-->7s amplitude in Cs. In the Dirac-Coulomb approximation our result is in good agreement with other calculations. Breit corrections to the PNC amplitude and to the Stark-induced amplitude beta are found to be -0.4% and -1%, respectively. The weak charge of 133Cs is Q(W) = -72.5+/-0.7 in agreement with the standard model.     

A Study for Nuclei 166Hf94—170Hf98 Using Cranking Shell Model with PNC Method

The properties of the band in even nuclei of ¹⁶⁶Hf₉₄—¹⁷⁰Hf₉₈ are investigated using cranking shell model with PNC method. The band crossing frequency, the interaction intensity between yrast and yrare bands, the aligned momentum, and the moment of inertia are calculated. The comparison between the calculation and experimental data shows a good agreement with each other if Lund systematic parameter is used for the Nilsson potential.     

AC conductivity and relaxation behavior in ion conducting polymer nanocomposite

We report the ac conductivity and relaxation behavior analysis for a heterogeneous polymer–clay nanocomposite (PNC) having composition (polyacrylonitrile)₈LiCF₃SO₃ + x wt.% dodecylamine modified montmorillonite. Charge transport behavior in an ionically conducting PNC has been analyzed systematically and correlated with the macroscopic parameters like polymer glass transition temperature and available free mobile charge carriers. Intercalation of cation coordinated polymer into the nanometric clay channels has been confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The electrical properties of the intercalated PNC films have been studied using complex impedance/admittance spectroscopy. Excellent correlation of relaxation behavior with polymer glass transition temperature (T _g) confirmed the objectives of the work. An analysis of dielectric relaxation indicates that PNC films are lossy when compared with polymer–salt film. This result is a direct outcome of faster ion dynamics leading to strong electrode polarization effect due to the accumulation of charge carriers at the interface.     

Underlying Physics of Identical Odd-and Even-Mass Bands in Normally Deformed Rare-Earth Nuclei

The microscopic mechanism of the identical odd-and even-mass number nuclear bands in normally deformed rare-earth nuclei was investigated using the particle-number conserving (PNC) method for treating nuclear pairing correlation. It was found that the odd particle of an odd-A identical band always occupied a cranked low j and high Ω Nilsson orbital (e.g. proton [404]7/2, [402]5/2). On the contrary, if the odd particle occupies an intruder high j orbital (e.g. neutron [633]7/2, proton [514]9/2), the moment of inertia of the odd-A band was much larger than that of neighboring even-even ground state band. The observed variation of moment of inertia (below bandcrossing) was reproduced quite well by the PNC calculation, in which no free parameter was involved. The strengths of monopole and Y₂₀ quadrupole interactions were determined by the experimental odd even differences in binding energy and bandhead moment of inertia.