高速旋转物体频闪在线相位测量轮廓术

为了实现高速旋转工件的在线三维面形检测,提出一种高速旋转物体频闪在线相位测量轮廓术(PMP)三维测量方法。利用圆形正弦光栅替代线形正弦光栅,采用高密度二元编码光栅替代灰度编码光栅,设计专用频闪同步控制单元同时触发投影系统频闪投射相移光栅和图像采集单元同步获取图像,获得物体在同一"冻结"位置下的相移变形条纹后,采用静态PMP相移算法重建物体的三维面形信息。实验结果表明,该方法具备可行性和实用性,可有效避免工件离线检测时多次装夹不一致引入的加工误差,能够提高工件的检测效率和加工效率,可用于其他高速旋转物体的三维面形重建。     

位相相关在大尺寸物体三维重构中的应用

提出了一种对大尺寸物体进行三维重构的方法.将一正弦光栅投影到物体表面,通过摄像机得到有变形条纹的二维子区域强度像.在频域中完成各二维子区域强度像之间的相关,根据输出的相关峰值位置即可得出平移量,通过图像拼接获得有变形条纹的整个物体的二维强度像.运用傅里叶变换轮廓术可得到大尺寸物体的三维型面,给出了实验结果.     

一种多距离融合的大深度测量范围相移阴影叠栅轮廓术

针对传统阴影叠栅轮廓术深度测量范围有限的问题,根据阴影叠栅条纹对比度的变化特点,提出了大深度范围内的阴影叠栅轮廓新型测量方法。该方法将光栅置于不同的高度,在物体表面形成叠栅条纹,通过将不同高度范围内的条纹相位测量结果相互融合,实现了大深度范围内的阴影叠栅轮廓测量。分析了光栅处于不同位置时叠栅条纹的相位分布特点,提出了基于重叠区域的相位融合方法和误差补偿方法。通过实验验证了所提出方法的可行性和准确性。     

基准光栅重构傅里叶变换轮廓术

应用傅里叶轮廓变换术进行三维形貌测量中,为了获得待测物体的高度相位信息,通常需要采集两幅图像.因此当光学系统发牛变动时,必须重新采集基准光栅图像,不利于快速测量.提出一种从变形光栅图像中获取基准光栅图像信息的测量方法.首先在变形光栅图像中记录基准光栅信息,然后通过傅里叶分析提取基准光栅频率信息,通过图像分析获得基准光栅相位信息,最后重构出一幅完整的基准光栅图像,实现三维物体形貌测量.实验结果验证了该方法的可行的.     

点光源下的Talbot效应在阴影叠栅中的应用

传统的阴影叠栅轮廓术的测量深度十分有限。根据点光源照明下Talbot自成像的空间分布规律,提出将点光源下的Talbot效应应用于阴影叠栅三维轮廓测量的方法。推导点光源模型下阴影叠栅测量系统中相机接收到的光强随物体到光栅距离变化的数学表达式。数值模拟和实验表明,相对于传统的阴影叠栅轮廓术,利用Talbot效应会大大增加阴影叠栅轮廓术的测量深度。分别使用文中所提出的方法和传统的阴影叠栅轮廓术对同一物体表面进行测量,两次测量结果之差在±5μm内。说明将点光源下的Talbot效应应用于阴影叠栅轮廓测量能够准确地反映物体表面的三维形貌。     

光栅投影测量物体三维轮廓的条纹中心线相对偏移量的获取

精确地获得光栅条纹中心线的相对偏移量，在三角形法测量物体三维轮廓技术中占有非常重要的地位。本文对光栅投影条纹图像进行预处理，提出采用重心法提取条纹中心线位置，可以获得亚像素级的精度；接着修补条纹中心线，采用模板技术跟踪条纹的走向，可求出条纹中心线相对参照平面条纹中心线的相对偏移量。     

基于多视方程的高反光物体表面三维形貌测量

双目结构光三维形貌测量技术在测量高反光物体的过程中,左右图像中对应物体表面的不同位置处出现过度曝光的现象,致使对应区域的相位数据无效.首先将投影系统作为反向相机并与双目系统共同组成多视系统,然后对物体表面的每一点进行多视系统匹配,接着通过调制度来判断每一像素对应相位的有效性,舍弃过曝光图像区域的像素以获得双视共线方程,最后由整体多视方程同时实现三维点云重建.该方法能够有效解决坐标系转换、多系统重建结果的数据冗余和融合误差等问题.实验结果表明,所提方法在500 mm×700 mm大小的视场范围内能够很好地对高反光物体进行完整的三维形貌测量.     

基于四步相移光栅投影的三维形貌测量系统

为了实现对具有明显跳变面物体的轮廓测量,建立了四步相移光栅投影的三维形貌测量系统,并对所采用的四步相移测量算法进行研究。在介绍四步相移原理的基础上以有明显跳变面的三棱锥橡皮块为例,建立针对明显跳变面的测量算法。通过对4幅相移图算术求和并除以4得到平均灰度图;将平均灰度图二值化处理定位明显跳变面或阴影部分;将二值化图像与包裹相位图卷积,而后对包裹相位图进行解包裹,从而得到正确的连续相位,最终获取物体三维形貌。根据上述算法测量三棱锥的三维形貌并计算其体积,测量实验表明:被测物的体积平均相对精度为0.47%。     

基于单目结构光的大物体三维测量关键方法的研究

在单目结构光的三维测量系统中,由于投影仪倾斜投影, 参考平面上的条纹周期展宽, 给测量带来误差,降低了测量精度。同时受大物体自身几何和形貌等因素的影响,以及相交轴测量系统的限制,其单幅面测量范围受限,很难一次测量大物体完整的三维形貌,而且在测量大物体时,摄像机镜头非线性畸变也影响测量精度。根据参考平面上光栅条纹的周期变化规律,提出了一种适用性好、方便快捷的条纹周期校正的理论模型, 在此基础上, 提出了基于条纹周期校正的四步相移法的理论模型,进而提出了基于条纹周期校正的时间相位展开法的理论模型。采用摄像机镜头非线性畸变校正模型,提高测量精度。在被测物表面粘贴标志点,获取其三维坐标,利用SVD分解和L-M优化算法求取转换矩阵,并在设定的全局坐标系下实现三维图像拼接,采用线性加权算法,对重叠区域进行图像融合。实验结果表明,X轴的拼接误差为0.14 mm,Y轴的拼接误差为0.16 mm,Z轴的拼接误差为0.19 mm,其拼接误差均在测量误差允许范围之内。     

采用剪切干涉和虚拟光栅的三维形貌检测

本文提出一种新型三维形貌测量方法,该方法通过投影装置将剪切干涉条纹投射到物体表面,以获取调制光栅图。采用相位法,由计算机生成虚拟接收光栅,从一幅调制光栅图重建物体形貌。文中给出了实验结果和性能分析。     

Phase deviation analysis and phase retrieval for partial intensity saturation in phase-shifting projected fringe profilometry

Intensity saturation may take place as a sinusoidal fringe pattern is projected onto an object which has a relative high reflective index on some regions of the surface. If a phase-shifting method is used, the illuming light intensities at the same point of the object may have different values for each projected phase-shifting fringe pattern. Therefore, when the intensity at a point of the object exceeds the saturation level for a certain phase step of projected fringe pattern, other intensities obtained at the same point with different phase steps of projected fringe patterns do not exceed the saturation level. This kind of saturation is defined as partial intensity saturation. In the case of partial intensity saturation, a relative larger phase error is introduced when a conventional phase reconstruction algorithm is used in the phase-shifting projected fringe profilometry (PSPFP). To get rid of such disadvantage, an improved algorithm for phase reconstruction is proposed in this paper. By using the new algorithm, the effect of partial intensity saturation for the phase reconstruction can be decreased greatly and a good quality of reconstructed phase map can be obtained. Phase deviation of the reconstructed phase is also analyzed. Finally, an experimental result with PSPFP is presented to validate the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.     

小波相位解调轮廓术

针对傅里叶变换轮廓术因混频难以准确提取基频的问题,可将小波变换用于三维形貌相位直接解调。对其原理进行了研究,通过编程实现了小波相位解调。取Morlet复小波作为小波母函数,对调制栅线图逐行进行连续小波变换,从各位置的沿尺度方向的小波变换系数幅值的极值中可直接求取对应的相位数据。由于小波函数具有空域_频率两域的局部化特性,因此它对变形栅具有很强的自适应能力。为验证新方法,对其进行了仿真分析,同时还对石膏半球模型和化妆品瓶进行了实际测量,并分别用傅里叶变换和小波变换进行了处理。结果表明,新方法有效地克服了混频的问题,改善了相位解调效果,提高了测量精度,特别适合于复杂物体的形貌测量。     

A flexible fast 3D profilometry based on modulation measurement

This paper proposes a flexible fast profilometry based on modulation measurement. Two orthogonal gratings through a beam splitter are vertically projected on an object surface, and the measured object is placed between the imaging planes of the two gratings. Then the image of the object surface modulated by the orthogonal gratings can be obtained by a CCD camera in the same direction as the grating projection. This image is processed by the operations consisting of performing the Fourier transform, spatial frequency filtering and inverse Fourier transform. Using the modulation distributions of two grating patterns, we can reconstruct the 3D shape of the object. In the measurement process, we only need to capture one fringe pattern, so it is faster than the MMP and remains the advantages of it. In the article, the principle of this method, the setup of the measurement system, some simulations and primary experiment results are given. The simulative and experimental result proves it can restore the 3D shape of the complex object fast and comparatively accurate. Because only one fringe pattern is needed in the testing, our method has a promising extensive application prospect in real-time acquiring and dynamic measurement of 3D data of complex objects.     

应用神经网络的复杂物体三维测量

将神经网络引入基于结构光投影的复杂物体三维面形测量。在测量过程中,利用神经网络强大的函数逼近能力,得到离散条纹图的连续逼近函数,从中解出物体的相位分布信息,获得物体的三维面形分布。应用神经网络方法,在结构光投影条件下,只需要获取一幅条纹图,便可以完成复杂物体的三维面形测量。该方法相比传统的傅里叶变换轮廓术,不存在滤波操作,不会在测量过程中丢失被测物体的高频分量,具有更高的空间带宽积和灵敏度,能准确测量出复杂物体的细节,更加适用于恢复复杂物体的三维面形。并且该方法在条纹图存在阴影的情况下与傅里叶变换轮廓术相比,能更好地提取出物体的相位信息,恢复物体的三维面形。模拟及实验均验证了该方法的可行性。     

A novel Fourier transform profilometry based on dual-frequency grating

The projecting grating method is used to measure the profile of the object. When the object has the steps shape or there are shadows in the grating stripes, the disconnected phase cannot be correctly unwrapped. In order to resolve these problems, the dual-frequency grating is programmed by the computer. And it is projected to the measurement object. The measurement object is placed on the exact rotary platform. After getting two images, the two images are mosaiced, the clear object image modulated by the grating is got. Then a novel Fourier transform profilometry is used to process the image, and the filter is designed to filter the high frequency and the low frequency. The phase difference of high frequency is worked out based on that of the low frequency. At last, the three dimension profile measurement is realized. Comparing with the traditional Fourier transform profile, the method cuts down three times frequency shifting reduces the calculation time and improves filter precision. The result indicates that the method is simple, with high precision. Three dimension profile measurement of the object that has the steps shape or there are shadows in its grating stripes can be successfully resolved.     

A three dimensional on-line measurement method based on five unequal steps phase shifting

A three-dimensional on-line measurement method based on five unequal steps phase-shifting with phase measuring profilometry is presented. While only one sinusoidal grating pattern is projected onto the measured object moving with the pipe-line, five arbitrary deformed patterns are captured by CCD as the measured object moves within a duty cycle of the grating pattern. The modulation distribution based on Fourier transform profilometry is introduced to realize pixel matching so as to calculate the corresponding equivalent shifted phase on the deformed patterns. A five unequal steps phase shifting algorithm is developed, which is suitable for non-uniform motion of the pipeline. The experiments verify its feasibility and validity.     

光学投影式三维轮廓测量技术综述

主要用于散射物体的宏观轮廓测量的光学投影式轮廓测量技术可以分为两大类：直接三角法和相位测量法。直接三角法包括激光逐点扫描法、光切法和新近出现的二元编码图样投影法。相位测量法以测量投影到物体上的变形栅像的相位为基础，包括莫尔法、移相法、傅氏变换法等等。本文以基于相位测量和光栅投影法为重点综述了光学投影式轮廓测量技术的几种典型方法，讨论了它们的优缺点，并分析了研究热点和发展方向。     

Surface profile inspection of a moving object by using dual-frequency Fourier transform profilometry

The 2π phase ambiguity caused by surface isolations and large height step can be solved by dual-frequency projection grating profilometry. However, in the Fourier transform profilometry (FTP) of a moving object, only one single deformed fringe pattern can be obtained. In order to introduce the dual-frequency technique into the FTP of moving object, a novel experimental system is designed to capture two fringe patterns with different frequency at the same time. A grating structure comprising two regions with different frequencies is projected upon the surface of the detected object. Two line-scan CCD cameras are used to capture the surface images encoded by the two kinds of patterns, respectively. By getting the corresponding image intensity at the same point of the object surface in the two acquired images, the dual-frequency technique is applied to extract the real phase without phase ambiguity. The surface profile of a specimen with a large height step is measured to prove the feasibility of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method can solve the 2π phase ambiguity problem successfully in the surface profile inspection of a moving object.