国家自然科学基金力学学科发展现状和“十三五”发展战略

结合国家自然科学基金力学学科"十三五"发展战略,介绍了力学学科的特点与战略地位,明确了国家自然科学基金力学学科的资助范围和指导思想.并通过对力学学科2006—2015年面上项目、青年科学基金、重点项目以及截至2015年国家杰出青年科学基金和优秀青年科学基金的申请和资助情况的分析,总结了自然科学基金的资助现状及其推动力学学科发展的作用.最后对"十三五"期间力学学科发展应该关注的问题给出了建议和政策措施.     

力学学科“十二五”国家自然科学基金项目申请和资助情况

对"十二五"期间力学学科国家自然科学基金项目的申请和资助情况进行了介绍,对5年期间总体趋势以及获资助主要单位和隶属关系进行了分析.着重介绍了面上项目、青年科学基金和地区科学基金的申请和资助情况,包括各分支学科以及研究领域的分布情况,项目申请人、负责人的年龄、职称和性别分布情况.对今后应该关注的问题给出了建议和措施.     

2000年度力学学科基金项目申请情况

为便于力学专家及时了解２０００年度力学学科的基金项目申请,现将面上项目、重点项目、国家杰出青年科学基金及海外（香港）青年学者合作研究基金项目的受理情况做一介绍．１面上项目 ２０００年力学学科面上各类项目的申请数及与去年的对比见表１． 今年面上项目申请总数比去年减少３７项．其中,自由申请项目和青年基金项目各减少２４项和 １９项,地区基金项目和高技术探索项目分别增加 ２项和 ４项． 力学学科各分支学科的申请项目见表２． 其中一般力学的申请项数占总申请项数的１３．７％,固体力学占４８．０％,流体力学占２７．…     

2000年度力学学科面上项目资助情况

经力学学科评审组会,２０００年度力学学科面上资助项目已经确定（见附表１）．现将有关信息公布如下： １．各类项目的申请项数、资助项数、资助金额、平均资助强度为： 今年力学学科面上项目的总体资助率为２０．ｌ％． ２．对资助的实验项目给予了一定程度的经费倾斜,以便加强力学的实验研究． ３．根据今年高技术探索项目的申请和经费分配的实际情况,力学学科除了５项作为高技术探索项目予以资助外,另有５项转为自由申请项目给予资助． ４．数理科学部继续推行对今年获得面上项目资助且近三年优秀结题项目的追加经费支持．力学学科…     

2011年度力学科学处面上项目、青年科学和地区科学基金资助情况介绍

经力学专家评审、数理科学部工作会议及基金委员会委务会审议,2011年度力学科学处面上项目、青年科学基金和地区科学基金资助项目已确定（见附表1）。现将有关信息公布如下:（1）国家自然科学基金委员会根据基础研究发展趋势和“十一五”发展规划的总体部署,目前已确立了研究项目、人才项目和环境条件项目三个项目资助系列。这三个资助项目系列的定位各有侧重,相辅相成,构成了国家自然科学基金资助格局。面上项目属于研究项目系列,以获得科研创新成果为主要目的,并通过创新性科学研究培养科技人才,促进学科均衡、协调和可持续发展,提高基础研究水平。青年科学基金和地区科学基金划归人才项目系列,青年科学基金将采取加大资助规模并适当提高资助强度的措施,着力提高资助率,发挥其培养青年人才的作用;地区科学基金将大幅度提高资助强度,适度提高资助率,培养和扶植基础研究薄弱地区的科学技术人员,稳定和凝聚优秀人才,为区域创新体系建设与经济、社会发展服务。随着国家对基础研究投入的不断增加,2011年度自然科学基金委对部分类别项目的资助强度和资助期限等进行了调整:面上项目资助期限由3年延长为4年,平均资助强度约60万元/项;青年科学基金项目资助期限仍为3年,平均资助强度约25万元/项;地区科学基金项目资助期限由3年延长为4年,平均资助强度约50万元/项。      

2012年度力学科学处面上项目、青年科学基金和地区科学基金资助情况介绍

经力学专家评审、数理科学部工作会议及基金委员会委务会审议,2012年度力学科学处面上项目、青年科学基金和地区科学基金资助项目已确定（见附表1）.现将有关信息公布如下：（1）国家自然科学基金委员会目前已确立了研究项目、人才项目和环境条件项目3个项目资助系列.这3个资助项目系列的定位各有侧重,相辅相成,构成了国家自然科学基金资助格局.面上项目属于研究项目系列,以获得科研创新成果为主要目的,并通过创新性科学研究培养科技人才,促进学科均衡、协调和可持续发展,     

2017年度力学科学处面上项目、青年科学基金和地区科学基金资助情况介绍

对2017年度国家自然科学基金委员会数理科学部力学科学处面上项目、青年科学基金和地区科学基金资助情况进行了简要介绍,给出了资助项目清单.     

2018年度力学科学处面上项目、青年科学基金和地区科学基金资助情况介绍

对2018年度国家自然科学基金委员会数理科学部力学科学处面上项目、青年科学基金和地区科学基金资助情况进行了简要介绍,给出了资助项目清单。      

2001年度力学学科面上项目资助情况

经力学学科评审组会,２００１年度力学学科面上资助项目已确定（见附表１）．现将有关信息公布如下：（１）各类项目的申请项数、资助项数、资助金额、平均资助强度列于表１．表２进一步给出了力学学科各分支的资助情况．（２）　今年基金委员会设立“小额预研项目”,以资助一些探索性强,有创新性的项目．力学学科共资助了１０项,执行期均为一年,总经费为６３万元．（３）对西部地区的申请项目给予了一定的倾斜．（４）对资助的实验项目给予了一定程度的经费倾斜,以便加强力学的实验研究．　（５）数理科学部继续推行对今年获得面上项…     

2016年度力学科学处面上项目、青年科学基金和地区科学基金资助情况介绍

对2016年度国家自然科学基金委员会数理科学部力学科学处面上项目、青年科学基金和地区科学基金资助情况进行了简要介绍,给出了资助项目清单.      

Solid mechanics of discrete form and the variational principles of the discontinuous form

This paper discusses the fundamental assumptions,the differen-tial equations,and the variational principles of discontinuousform belonging to a new developing branch of science-the solidmechanics of discrete form.The solid mechanics of discrete formbelongs to the branch of science of discrete medium mechanicswhich is the developing direction of the mechanics for the pre-sent.Based on the solid system with discretization and sepa-rability,the unknown functions with discontinuity in definedregions and the defined regions with variable boundaries,themechanics systems to solve the solid displacements,strains andstresses in various cases are called the solid mechanics of dis-crete form.when the unknown functions are sufficiently smooth func-tions in the whole defined region and the effects of the vari-able boundaries are disregarded,the solid mechanics of discreteform will degenerate into the classical solid mechanics belong-ing to continuum.mechanics:Its variational principles will de-generate into the clas     

Experimental solid mechanics in the nineteenth century

Fashion, fortune, dogma, and genius have each played a role in the 19th century history of experimental solid mechanics. The dominant themes are traced and critically evaluated, from the epoch-making experiments of Alphonse Duleau and Pierre Dupin in 1811 that for 50 years stimulated successive studies in various aspects of solid mechanics including giving impetus to the linear theory of elasticity in the 1820's, to the ingenious and definitive experiments of Eduard Grüneisen in 1906, who adapted Michelson-Morley interferometry to solid mechanics, reaching strains as small as 10⁻⁸. The 19th century was rich in experimentists and elegant experiments that in every decade contributed to a fascinating panorama of discovery in the laboratory. Paper was presented at the 1989 SEM Conference on Experimental Mechanics held in Cambridge, MA on May 28–June 1.     

G. N. Savin and the Lviv school of mechanics

Fragments of the development of the Lviv school of mechanics in the early postwar years (1945–1952) and the role of Academician G. N. Savin in its establishment are highlighted. Much attention is given to the scientific achievements of Savin in solid mechanics, including solutions to fundamental and applied problems of stress concentration around holes in plates and shells. Mention is also made of original solutions to some problems in mechanics that stimulated solution of new fundamental and applied problems in solid mechanics and engineering and establishment and development of the Lviv school of mechanics __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 16–36, January 2007.     

Computational model of boundary integral equation in solid mechanics

In the first part of the paper, the computational model of boundary integral equation in solid mechanics is presented while in the second part the model is used in the solution of two problems of solid mechanics.     

以力学竞赛促进基础力学教改的创新与实践

以组织与辅导力学竞赛为契机,促进基础力学教学改革. 着眼于提高学生的力学素养与创新 能力,围绕如何创新基础力学教学新模式,从激发学生学习的热情与动力、改革教学实验、 提升力学课程建设等方面介绍了基于大学生力学竞赛培养力学人才与促进高校基础力学教学 改革的基本做法、实践效果与创新成果.     

Variational Lagrangian-thermodynamics of nonisothermal finite strain mechanics of porous solids and thermomolecular diffusion

The nonisothermal finite strain dynamics of a porous solid containing a viscous fluid is developed on the basis of a new thermodynamics of open systems and irreversible processes. The same theory is applicable to the mechanics of a nonporous solid with thermomolecular diffusion of a substance in solution. New fundamental concepts of “thermobaric” and “convective” potentials are presented in the context of porous solids. Field equations and Lagrangian equations with generalized coordinates are derived directly from a variational principle of “virtual dissipation”. Inclusion of nonlinear viscoelasticity and plastic behavior is indicated. Partial saturation of pore fluid is discussed. The theory is applicable to the mechanics of a non porous solid with thermolecular diffusion of several molecular species in solution, and under certain conditions to the analogous case of a porous solid containg a fluid mixture. It is shown how the Lagrangian equations provide the foundation of finite element methods.     

Thoughts on the present and future interrelation of theoretical and experimental mechanics

During the last five years, the long-overdue improvement in attitude of academic and other research people toward experimental mechanics has begun. This welcome change is attributed, in large measure, to their renewed interest in the behavior of real materials. Many have come to the realization that idealizations which served them so well for past problems are inadequate not only for living systems but for brittle and ductile fracture of metals, for sufficiently detailed prediction of behavior of composite materials, for incisive application of continuum mechanics on the microscale, and for thermodynamics. An attempt is made to bring out general aspects of a few of these problems of current interest and to show how careful experimentation has produced and interacted with new theoretical developments. A distinction is drawn between a true experiment and one which is no more than an analog computation. Illustrations of misleading analogs are given from both fluid and solid mechanics. Except for some remarks on possible difficulties in distinguishing constitutive relations and boundary conditions in living tissues and body fluids, however, thoughts for the future are restricted to the mechanics and the thermodynamics of solids. Emphasis is placed throughout on the fact that a good experiment and a good theory start at very much the same point and have a great deal in common.     

The problem of inequality in solid mechanics

In this paper the problem of inequality in solid mechanics, the contents of which consist of some main concepts, methods and results of the stationary and evolutionary as well as determinate and random problems in variational principle and variational inequality, is studied in detail.