Synthesis and complete stereochemical assignment of psymberin/irciniastatin A

We describe a concise and flexible synthetic avenue for the preparation of compounds with structures relevant to those proposed for the novel marine-derived differential cytotoxins psymberin and irciniastatin A. Our efforts led to their complete stereochemical assignment and the notion that psymberin and irciniastatin A are identical compounds. Our total synthesis features an interesting termini-differentiating lactolization of a dialdehyde obtained from a C2-symmetrical bis-olefin precursor, a mild platinum-catalyzed hydrolysis of an epimerizable nitrile, a novel protocol to prepare sensitive methyl imidates, and a one-pot conversion of these imidates to N-acyl aminals. Starting from fragments 5-7 (prepared in 7-8 steps each, 30-49% overall yield) the synthesis of psymberin/irciniastatin A was completed in an additional 9 steps and 30% yield (17 steps longest linear sequence, 8.9% overall).     

1-苯基-3-甲基-6-N,N-二正丁基胺-2(1H)-喹喔啉-2-酮的全合成

报道了2(1H)-喹喔啉类衍生物——1-苯基-3-甲基-6-N,N-二正丁基胺-2(1H)-喹喔啉-2-酮的全合成.该化合物及其中间体1-苯基-3-甲基-6-胺基-2(1H)-喹喔啉-2-酮和1-苯基-3-甲基-6-硝基-2(1H)-喹喔啉-2-酮均为新化合物,文中给出了它们的重要的分析数据,简要讨论了溶剂在关环反应以及N-烷基化反应中的重要影响,偶然发现以水作溶剂时关环主产物为1-苯基-3-甲基-5-硝基-苯并咪唑.这类化合物可应用于药物,如用作N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体及α-氨基羟甲基异噁唑丙酸(AMMPA)受体拮抗剂、杀菌剂等;还可用作植物生长抑制剂、荧光探针以及作为新型功能染料中间体等诸多领域.     

Facile access to chiral 4-substituted chromanes through Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation

Rh/ZhaoPhos-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of a series of (E)-2-(chroman-4-ylidene)acetates was successfully developed to prepare various chiral 4-substituted chromanes with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield, 98% ee). Moreover, the gram-scale hydrogenation could be performed well in the presence of 0.02 mol% catalyst loading (TON = 5000), the hydrogenation product was easily converted to access other important compounds, which demonstrated the synthetic utility of this asymmetric catalytic methodology.     

一种合成多氟联苯类化合物的新方法

以CuI为催化剂,芳胺与多氟苯经重氮化/偶联一锅反应生成了6个多氟取代的联苯类化合物(3a~3f),收率56%~82%,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹⁹F NMR和EI-MS确证。在最佳反应条件［1a 2 mmol, 20%CuI为催化剂,150%四丁基碘化铵为碘化试剂,V(DMSO）:V（MeCN）=1 : 1为溶剂,于130 ℃反应4 h］下,3a收率75%。     

Total synthesis of hapalindoles J and U

The total synthesis of D,L-hapalindoles J and U has been accomplished. Hapalindole J was prepared in 11% overall yield over 11 synthetic steps and hapalindole U was prepared in 25% overall yield over 13 synthetic steps from commercially available materials. The route employs a novel silyl ether-based strategy for accessing the 6:5:6:6 ring system of the hapalindoles rapidly and in good yields.     

Synthesis of sulfonamide-substituted phthalocyanines

The synthesis and characterization of new phthalocyanines bearing eight N-alkyl or N-aryl sulfonamide groups is described. The synthetic route involves the chorosulfonation of 4,5-diphenoxyphthalonitrile with chlorosulfonic acid and reaction of the resulting 4,5-bis(p-chlorosulfonylphenoxy)phthalonitrile with amines. The sulfonamide-substituted phthalonitriles are then cyclotetramerized to yield the title compounds in good yields (50–83%).     

Improvements in the Synthesis of the Third-Generation EGFR Inhibitor Osimertinib

Osimertinib, a third generation potent and specific EGFR inhibitor is an important drug against many forms of cancer. It was synthesized by an improved and highly efficient protocol, revisiting the classical synthetic process and modifying parameters, such as solvents, temperature, reagents, and reaction time. A cost-effective, environmentally friendly methodology for the synthesis of osimertinib was established, which gave shorter reaction times, saved labor by eliminating purification steps through column chromatography, and enhanced yields. Four of the seven steps in total, were proceeded quantitatively or almost quantitatively (ca. 98 %). This synthetic protocol provides a very high overall yield, up to 68 %. In addition, the entire approach enables the preparation of osimertinib analogues and could be extended in the synthesis of other structurally similar bioactive compounds.     

Asymmetric Negishi reaction for sterically hindered couplings: synthesis of chiral binaphthalenes

A new synthetic approach affording, for the first time chiral binaphthalene derivatives via an asymmetric Negishi reaction, in good yields (55–95%) and good enantioselectivities (49–85% ee), is reported.     

A Convenient and Practical Prepapation of Acetylphenyl Boronic Acids

A practical and scalable synthesis route of acetylphenylboronic acids is described. Bromoacetophenones (compounds 3a, 3b) were ketalized with ethylene glycol and triethyl orthoformate to give bromo ketals (compounds 4a-4c) in 60-80% yields. Compounds 4a-4b were treated with a Grignard reagent and then exchanged with borate to give p-and m-acetylphenyl boronic acids(compounds 5a and 5b) in 80% and 56% yields, respectively. The o-form(compound 5c) was obtained in 61% yield via the BuLi method.     

Facile and efficient addition of terminal alkynes to benzotriazole esters: synthesis of d-erythro-sphingosine using ynones as the key intermediate

From the perspective of synthesis, ynones are compounds of considerable interest because of their occurrence in a wide variety of biologically active molecules and as key synthetic intermediates. In this context, a facile and highly efficient synthesis of ynones was developed based on the high reactivity of benzotriazole esters formed in situ. Lithium acetylides can alkylate various carboxylic acids in yields ranging from 60% to 92%. To determine whether our methodology is useful for synthesising complex and biologically relevant molecules, we synthesise d-erythro-sphingosine in four steps and with 33% overall yield from l-serine.     

Catalytic, highly enantioselective Friedel-Crafts reactions of aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds to trifluoropyruvate. A simple approach for the formation of optically active aromatic and heteroaromatic hydroxy trifluoromethyl esters.

A new catalytic enantioselective synthetic method for the formation of optically active aromatic and heteroaromatic hydroxy-trifluoromethyl ethyl esters is presented. This catalytic enantioselective Friedel-Crafts reaction of trifluoromethyl pyruvate with aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds is catalyzed by a chiral bisoxazoline copper(II) complex and proceeds in good yield and with high enantiomeric excess. For a series of substituted indoles, the corresponding 3-substituted hydroxy-trifluoromethyl ethyl esters are formed in up to 93% yield and 94% ee. Pyrrole and 2-substituted pyrroles also react with trifluoromethyl pyruvate in a highly enantioselective aromatic electrophilic reaction and up to 93% ee and good yields are obtained. Furanes and thiophenes give the corresponding 2-hydroxy-trifluoromethyl ethyl esters in high enantiomeric excess; however, the yields of the products are only moderate. Various types of aromatic compounds react in this catalytic reaction with trifluoromethyl pyruvate to give the aromatic electrophilic addition product in good yield. To obtain high enantiomeric excess (> 80% ee) it is necessary that aromatic amines are protected with sterically demanding protecting groups such as benzyl or allyl. This prevents coordination of the amine nitrogen atom to the catalyst, as aromatic amines having a N,N-dimethyl group probably coordinate to the catalyst, leading to a significant reduction of the enantioselective properties of the catalyst. On the basis of the experimental results and the absolute configuration of the formed chiral center, the mechanism for the catalytic enantioselective Friedel-Crafts reaction is discussed.     

A modified Prins reaction for the facile synthesis of structurally diverse substituted 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,3-dihydrofurane-2(3H)-ones

Furanones are important synthetic intermediates commonly found in natural products, receptor ligands, and drug molecules. Unacceptable yields of substituted furanones obtained using a previously reported Prins reaction led to the development of a modified approach. Readily prepared substituted allylic esters were reacted under Prins reaction conditions catalyzed by a protic acid to provide structurally diverse substituted furanones in modest to good yields. The reaction goes through a protected caprolactone intermediate that was isolated and characterized for selected compounds. The approach supplies an efficient, versatile, and higher yield method for the synthesis of these important heterocyclic intermediates.     

手性芳基膦-噁唑啉的简便合成

膦-噁唑啉化合物作为一类“优势配体”,自发现以来就引起化学家们的广泛关注。 现有合成方法存在路线长、收率低、分离困难等问题。 本研究发展了一种合成手性芳基膦-噁唑啉(PHOX)的简单高效方法。 在1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBt)、1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)作用下,2-(二苯基膦基)苯甲酸与多种光学纯的氨基醇发生缩合反应,高收率获得酰胺基醇类化合物;之后酰胺基醇经三苯基膦/三乙胺/四氯化碳体系处理完成噁唑啉环的构建,以64%86%的总收率得到膦-噁唑啉化合物。 随后,合成的化合物(S)-t-BuPHOX被应用于钯催化β-酮酯的脱羧Tsuji烯丙基化反应,得到了80%的收率和84%的ee值。 该新方法具有原料易得、条件温和、收率高等优点。     

Formation of phenol and carbonyls from the atmospheric reaction of OH radicals with benzene

The gas-phase reaction of OH radicals with benzene has been studied in a flow tube operated at 295 +/- 2 K and 950 mbar of synthetic air or O2. Ozonolysis of tetramethylethylene (dark reaction) with a measured OH radical yield of 0.92 +/- 0.08 or photolysis of methyl nitrite in the presence of NO served as the OH sources. For investigations in the presence of NOx, the conditions were chosen so that more than 95% of the OH/benzene adduct reacted with O2 even for the highest NO2 concentration occurring in the experiment. In the absence of NOx, a phenol yield from the reaction of OH radicals with benzene of 0.61 +/- 0.07 was measured by means of long-path FT-IR and UV spectroscopy over a wide range of experimental conditions. This yield was confirmed by measurements performed in the presence of NOx. Detected carbonyls were glyoxal, cis-butenedial and trans-butenedial with formation yields of 0.29 +/- 0.10, 0.08 +/- 0.03 and 0.023 +/- 0.007, respectively, measured in synthetic air and in the presence of NOx. There was no significant difference in the product yields applying both experimental approaches for OH generation (dark reaction or photolysis). Nitrobenzene and o-nitrophenol were detected in traces. The yield of nitrobenzene increased with increasing NOx resulting in a maximum formation yield of 0.007. The detected products in the presence of NOx account for approximately 78% of the reacted carbon. Butenedial yields from benzene degradation are reported for the first time. In the absence of NOx, glyoxal, cis-butenedial and trans-butenedial were also detected, but with distinctly lower yields compared to the experiments with NOx.     

Catalytic oxidative cleavage of terminal olefins by chromium(III) stearate

A new synthetic methodology for the preparation of carbonyl compounds from the oxidative cleavage of terminal olefins has been developed. With the use of TBHP in combination with chromium(III) stearate, selective oxidation of double bonds conjugated with aromatic ring or carbonyl group could be achieved at ambient temperature in moderate to excellent yield. The oxidative cleavage of electron rich -methylstyrene derivatives proceeded in good to excellent yield whereas lower yields were observed in -methylstyrene derivatives containing an electron withdrawing group. This developed oxidation reaction was believed to undergo via free radical process and high valent chromium oxo species.     

Liquid-Phase and Solventless Oxidation of Cyclohexane,Benzene, and Other Hydrocarbons by Cerium(IV) Catalyzed by Iridium(III) in Acidic Medium

Oxidation of some hydrocarbons dissolved in acetic acid by cerium(IV) sulphate at 100 °C in the presence of traces of iridium(III) chloride (catalyst-substrate 1:56818 to 151515) in the solution phase resulted in good to excellent yields of corresponding carbonyl compounds. In the cases of cyclohexane and benzene, 44% and 51.8% yields of corresponding carbonyl compounds were obtained, whereas in other cases, yield ranged from 34.9 to 99.8%. Yield decreased when reactions were performed in a microwave oven by adsorbing reactants (except acetic acid) on alumina. Decrease in the yield was probably due to the high temperature generated during the course of the reaction, resulting in the loss of organics from evaporation. Conditions were optimized for the highest yields under ambient conditions.     

Development of optimised synthesis of 4-amino-N-(4-carbamoylphenyl)benzamide for industrial application

An efficient two-step synthetic route for preparation of the important Pigment Yellow 181 intermediate 4-amino-N-(4-carbamoylphenyl)benzamide is described. The synthetic pathway reflects requirements that are important for industrial applications. Optimisation of the reaction steps was performed to improve yields and procedures. The overall yield was higher than 78 %.     

萘基薁并[2,1-d]嘧啶-4-胺类衍生物的合成

研究了萘基薁并[2,1-d]嘧啶-4-胺类衍生物的合成方法.以托酚酮、萘乙酸乙酯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺二甲缩醛(DMF-DMA)及芳香胺为原料,依次经过氯代、缩合、环加成、环化反应得到目标产物.该反应操作简单、条件温和、收率良好.产物的结构经1H NMR,IR及元素分析等得以证实.     

Total synthesis of the highly potent anti-HIV natural product daurichromenic acid along with its two chromane derivatives, rhododaurichromanic acids A and B

[reaction: see text] The highly potent anti-HIV natural product daurichromenic acid was successfully synthesized in only five steps with 49% overall yield. The key step in the synthetic strategy involves a microwave-assisted tandem condensation and intramolecular S(N)2'-type cyclization to form the 2H-benzopyran core structure.     

Total synthesis of natural and unnatural lamellarins with saturated and unsaturated D-rings

Twenty-eight natural and unnatural lamellarins with either a saturated or an unsaturated D-ring were synthesized according to our developed synthetic route. The key step involved the Michael addition/ring closure (Mi-RC) of the benzyldihydroisoquinoline and alpha-nitrocinnamate derivatives, which provided the 2-carboethoxypyrrole intermediates in moderate to good yields (up to 78% yield). Subsequent hydrogenolysis/lactonization furnished lamellarins with a saturated D-ring in excellent yields (up to 93% yield). DDQ oxidation of the saturated lamellarin acetates led directly to the corresponding unsaturated analogues in 54-95% yield. In addition, only two steps in our developed strategy require column chromatography.