On Skew Triangular Matrix Rings

Let α be a nonzero endomorphism of a ring R, n be a positive integer and T_n(R, α) be the skew triangular matrix ring. We show that some properties related to nilpotent elements of R are inherited by T_n(R, α). Meanwhile, we determine the strongly prime radical, generalized prime radical and Behrens radical of the ring R[x; α]/(x~n), where R[x; α] is the skew polynomial ring.     

关于项链李代数的结构

Le Bruyn和V．Ginzbrug最近引入了项链李代数。它是定义在箭图上的一种无限堆李代数，在非交换几何研究中起了重要作用。本研究项链李代数结构，证明了当箭图中有长度大于1的循环时，其项链李代数不是幂零李代数，我们还给出了没有圈的箭图上项链李代数的分解。     

Generalization of Nilpotency of Ring Elements to Module Elements

We define nilpotent and strongly nilpotent elements of a module M and show that the set 𝒩 _s (M) of all strongly nilpotent elements of M over a commutative unital ring R coincides with the classical prime radical β _cl (M) the intersection of all classical prime submodules of M.     

Descriptions of radicals of skew polynomial and skew Laurent polynomial rings

In this paper, we first characterize the Levitzki radical of a skew (Laurent) polynomial ring by the prime ideals and skewed prime ideals in the base ring. We next provide formulas for the strongly prime radical and the uniformly strongly prime radical of skew (Laurent) polynomial rings.     

Semiprime rings with bounded indices of nilpotent elements

This paper deals with the structure of semiprime rings for which the indices of the nilpotent elements are bounded. It is shown that the complete right ring of quotients of such a ring is a regular, right self-injective ring in which each finitely generated ideal is generated by a central idempotent. The indices of the nilpotent elements of the factor ring of such a ring with respect to a minimal prime ideal do not exceed the upper bound of the indices of the nilpotent elements of the original ring. A criterion for the regularity (in the sense of von Neumann) of such rings is obtained. Also investigated are right completely idempotent rings with bounded indices of nilpotent elements (it is shown, in particular, that each nonzero ideal of such a ring contains a nonzero central idempotent).Translated from Trudy Seminara imeni I. G. Petrovskogo, No. 13, pp. 237–249, 1988.     

Quasi-Baer Rings with Essential Prime Radicals

A ring R is called “quasi-Baer” if the right annihilator of every right ideal is generated, as a right ideal, by an idempotent. It can be seen that a quasi-Baer ring cannot be a right essential extension of a nilpotent right ideal. Birkenmeier asked: Does there exist a quasi-Baer ring which is a right essential extension of its prime radical? We answer this question in the affirmative. Moreover, we provide an example of a quasi-Baer ring in which the right essentiality of the prime radical does not imply the left essentiality of the prime radical.     

The Jacobson radical of the Laurent series ring

For a large class of rings A, including all rings with right Krull dimension, it is proved that for every automorphism ϕ of the ring A, the Jacobson radical of the skew Laurent series ring A((x, ϕ)) is nilpotent and coincides with N((x, ϕ)), where N is the prime radical of the ring A. If A/N is a ring of bounded index, then the Jacobson radical of the Laurent series ring A((x)) coincides with N((x)). __________ Translated from Fundamentalnaya i Prikladnaya Matematika, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 209–215, 2006.     

Quivers of Associative Rings

The concept of a quiver, i.e., a direct graph of a finite-dimensional algebra, was introduced by Gabriel in connection with problems of representation theory of such algebras. The notion of a scheme (=quiver Q(A)) of a semiperfect, right Noetherian ring A was introduced by the author and was applied to the study of the structure of serial rings. We give a short review of some results on structural ring theory, which were obtained by using the graph technique. __________ Translated from Sovremennaya Matematika i Ee Prilozheniya (Contemporary Mathematics and Its Applications), Vol. 14, Algebra, 2004.     

The Category of Lattices over a Lattice-Finite Ring

It is well-known that for a lattice-finite order Λ over a complete discrete valuation domain, the radical of Λ-lat (the category of Λ-lattices) is nilpotent modulo projectives. Iyama has shown that this property merely depends on the combinatorial data given by the Auslander–Reiten quiver of Λ. Moreover, he established a criterion for a finite (symmetrizable) translation quiver Q to be the Auslander–Reiten quivers of an order Λ. We improve his characterization by showing that the remaining conditions on Q can be replaced by the existence of an additive function on the vertices of Q (Theorem 4). Our proof rests on a functorial theory of ladders, expressing the Auslander–Reiten structure of Λ-lat by means of an adjoint pair of functors L⊣L⁻ in the homotopy category of two-termed complexes over Λ-lat. Presented by I. Reiten Mathematics Subject Classifications (2000) Primary: 16G70, 16G30; secondary: 16G60.     

Essentially nilpotent rings

In this note we introduce a class of nil rings (called essentially nilpotent) which properly contains the class of nilpotent rings. A nil ring is said to be essentially nilpotent if it contains an essential right ideal which is nilpotent. Various properties of essentially nilpotent rings are investigated. A nil ring is essentially nilpotent if and only if it contains an essential right ideal which is leftT-nilpotent.     

On the Zero-Divisor Graph of a Ring

Let R be a commutative ring with identity, Z(R) its set of zero-divisors, and Nil(R) its ideal of nilpotent elements. The zero-divisor graph of R is Γ(R) = Z(R)\{0}, with distinct vertices x and y adjacent if and only if xy = 0. In this article, we study Γ(R) for rings R with nonzero zero-divisors which satisfy certain divisibility conditions between elements of R or comparability conditions between ideals or prime ideals of R. These rings include chained rings, rings R whose prime ideals contained in Z(R) are linearly ordered, and rings R such that {0} ≠ Nil(R) ? zR for all z ∈ Z(R)\Nil(R).     

A note on termination of the Baer construction of the prime radical

The well known Baer construction of the prime radical shows that the prime radical of an arbitrary ring is the union of the chain of ideals of the ring, constructed by transfinite induction, which starts with 0 and repeats the procedure of taking the sum of ideals that are nilpotent modulo ideals in the chain already constructed. Amitsur showed that for every ordinal number α there is a ring for which the construction stops precisely at α. In this paper we construct such examples with some extra properties. This allows us to construct, for every countable non-limit ordinal number α, an affine algebra for which the construction terminates precisely at α. Such an example was known due to Bergman for α = 2.     

Nil properties for rings which are sums of their additive subgroups

Suppose that a ring R is a direct sum of a finite number of its additive subgroups, and the union of these subgroups is closed under multiplication. We show that if all rings among these subgroups are nilpotent (left T-nilpotent, locally nilpotent or Baer radical), then the whole ring R satisfies the same property.     

分次环的有限正规扩张

本文研究了群分次环的有限正规分次扩张问题．利用经典环论方法，得到一个群分次环与其有限正规分次扩张环之间关于分次Jacobson根和分次素根的关系，同时，给出了分次情形的Cutting down定理和Lying over定理．     

On Lie Nilpotent Rings and Cohen's Theorem

We study certain (two-sided) nil ideals and nilpotent ideals in a Lie nilpotent ring R. Our results lead us to showing that the prime radical rad(R) of R comprises the nilpotent elements of R, and that if L is a left ideal of R, then L + rad(R) is a two-sided ideal of R. This in turn leads to a Lie nilpotent version of Cohen's theorem, namely if R is a Lie nilpotent ring and every prime (two-sided) ideal of R is finitely generated as a left ideal, then every left ideal of R containing the prime radical of R is finitely generated (as a left ideal). For an arbitrary ring R with identity we also consider its so-called n-th Lie center Z _n (R), n ≥ 1, which is a Lie nilpotent ring of index n. We prove that if C is a commutative submonoid of the multiplicative monoid of R, then the subring ?Z _n (R) ∪ C? of R generated by the subset Z _n (R) ∪ C of R is also Lie nilpotent of index n.