Long-time behavior of reaction-diffusion equations with dynamical boundary condition

In this paper, we study the long-time behavior of the reaction-diffusion equation with dynamical boundary condition, where the nonlinear terms f and g satisfy the polynomial growth condition of arbitrary order. Some asymptotic regularity of the solution has been proved. As an application of the asymptotic regularity results, we can not only obtain the existence of a global attractor A in (H¹(Ω)∩L^p(Ω))×L^q(Γ) immediately, but also can show further that A attracts every L²(Ω)×L²(Γ)-bounded subset with (H¹(Ω)∩L^p+δ(Ω))×L^q+κ(Γ)-norm for any δ,κ∈[0,∞).     

Global attractors for the wave equation with nonlinear damping

Based on a new a priori estimate method, so-called asymptotic a priori estimate, the existence of a global attractor is proved for the wave equation utt+kg(ut)−Δu+f(u)=0 on a bounded domain Ω⊂R³ with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The nonlinear damping term g is supposed to satisfy the growth condition C₁(|s|−C₂)?|g(s)|?C₃(1+p|s|), where 1?p<5; the damping parameter is arbitrary; the nonlinear term f is supposed to satisfy the growth condition |f^′(s)|?C₄(1+q|s|), where q?2. It is remarkable that when 2<p<5, we positively answer an open problem in Chueshov and Lasiecka [I. Chueshov, I. Lasiecka, Long-time behavior of second evolution equations with nonlinear damping, Math. Scuola Norm. Sup. (2004)] and improve the corresponding results in Feireisl [E. Feireisl, Global attractors for damped wave equations with supercritical exponent, J. Differential Equations 116 (1995) 431-447].     

Coincidence sets in quasilinear elliptic problems of monostable type

This paper concerns the formation of a coincidence set for the positive solution of the boundary value problem: −εΔpu=uq−1f(a(x)−u) in Ω with u=0 on ∂Ω, where ε is a positive parameter, Δpu=div(|∇u|^p−2∇u), 1<q?p<∞, f(s)∼|s|^θ−1s(s→0) for some θ>0 and a(x) is a positive smooth function satisfying Δpa=0 in Ω with infΩ|∇a|>0. It is proved in this paper that if 0<θ<1 the coincidence set Oε={x∈Ω:uε(x)=a(x)} has a positive measure for small ε and converges to Ω with order O(ε1/p) as ε→0. Moreover, it is also shown that if θ?1, then Oε is empty for any ε>0. The proofs rely on comparison theorems and the energy method for obtaining local comparison functions.     

Solutions concentrating on higher dimensional subsets for singularly perturbed elliptic equations II

We construct spike layered solutions for the semilinear elliptic equation −ε²Δu+V(x)u=K(x)up−1 on a domain Ω⊂RN which may be bounded or unbounded. The solutions concentrate simultaneously on a finite number of m-dimensional spheres in Ω. These spheres accumulate as ε→0 at a prescribed sphere in Ω whose location is determined by the potential functions V,K.     

Nodal solutions for singularly perturbed equations with critical exponential growth

The existence and concentration behavior of nodal solutions are established for the equation −?²Δu+V(z)u=f(u) in Ω, where Ω is a domain in R², not necessarily bounded, V is a positive Hölder continuous function and f∈C¹ is an odd function having critical exponential growth.     

An energy-decreasing rearrangement of level sets preserving the domain and volume constraints

Let Ω⊂R² be a bounded and regular domain, u∈C³(Ω) and V⊂Ω a domain where the subset K₀ of points where the curvature of the t-level sets of u is zero admits a regular t-parameterization. We exhibit a local correction of u in a neighborhood of a particular point x^∗∈K₀⊂V such that the volume ∫f(u) is preserved and the Dirichlet integral ∫²|∇u| decreases. Consequently, a certain monotonic property is deduced for constrained minimizers in H¹(Ω). Our result can be applied to classical variational and free-boundary problems.     

On non-autonomous strongly damped wave equations with a uniform attractor and some averaging

In this paper we study the existence of a uniform attractor for strongly damped wave equations with a time-dependent driving force. If the time-dependent function is translation compact, then in a certain parameter region, the uniform attractor of the system has a simple structure: it is the closure of all the values of the unique, bounded complete trajectory of the wave equation. And it attracts any bounded set exponentially. At the same time, we consider the strongly damped wave equations with rapidly oscillating external force gε(x,t)=g(x,t,t/ε) having the average g⁰(x,t) as ε→⁰⁺. We prove that the Hausdorff distance between the uniform attractor Aε of the original equation and the uniform attractor A₀ of the averaged equation is less than O(ε1/2). We mention, in particular, that the obtained results can be used to study the usual damped wave equations.     

Concentration on minimal submanifolds for a singularly perturbed Neumann problem

We consider the equation −ε²Δu+u=up in Ω⊆RN, where Ω is open, smooth and bounded, and we prove concentration of solutions along k-dimensional minimal submanifolds of ∂Ω, for N?3 and for k∈{1,…,N−2}. We impose Neumann boundary conditions, assuming 1<p<(N−k+2)/(N−k−2) and ε→⁰⁺. This result settles in full generality a phenomenon previously considered only in the particular case N=3 and k=1.     

Existence of solutions for degenerate quasilinear elliptic equations

This paper deals with a class of degenerate quasilinear elliptic equations of the form −div(a(x,u,∇u)=g−div(f), where a(x,u,∇u) is allowed to be degenerate with the unknown u. We prove existence of bounded solutions under some hypothesis on f and g. Moreover we prove that there exists a renormalized solution in the case where g∈L¹(Ω) and f∈(L^p′(Ω))^N.     

On the mean oscillation of the Hessian of solutions to the Monge-Ampère equation

We give interior a priori estimates for the mean oscillation of second derivatives of solutions to the Monge-Ampère equation detD²u=f(x) with zero boundary values, where f(x) is a non-Dini continuous function. If the modulus of continuity of f(x) is φ(r) such that limr→0φ(r)log(1/r)=0, then D²u∈VMO.     

Regularity of the extremal solution for some elliptic problems with singular nonlinearity and advection

In this note, we investigate the regularity of the extremal solution u^? for the semilinear elliptic equation −△u+c(x)⋅∇u=λf(u) on a bounded smooth domain of Rn with Dirichlet boundary condition. Here f is a positive nondecreasing convex function, exploding at a finite value a∈(0,∞). We show that the extremal solution is regular in the low-dimensional case. In particular, we prove that for the radial case, all extremal solutions are regular in dimension two.     

Large time behavior and L−L estimate of solutions of 2-dimensional nonlinear damped wave equations

We show the asymptotic behavior of the solution to the Cauchy problem of the two-dimensional damped wave equation. It is shown that the solution of the linear damped wave equation asymptotically decompose into a solution of the heat and wave equations and the difference of those solutions satisfies the L^p−L^q type estimate. This is a two-dimensional generalization of the three-dimensional result due to Nishihara (Math. Z. 244 (2003) 631). To show this, we use the Fourier transform and observe that the evolution operators of the damped wave equation can be approximated by the solutions of the heat and wave equations. By using the L^p−L^q estimate, we also discuss the asymptotic behavior of the semilinear problem of the damped wave equation with the power nonlinearity |u|^αu. Our result covers the whole super critical case α>1, where the α=1 is well known as the Fujita exponent when n=2.     

Convergence to strong nonlinear diffusion waves for solutions to p-system with damping on quadrant

In this paper, we consider the so-called p-system with linear damping on quadrant. We show that for a certain class of given large initial data (v₀(x),u₀(x)), the corresponding initial-boundary value problem admits a unique global smooth solution (v(x,t),u(x,t)) and such a solution tends time-asymptotically, at the Lp (2?p?∞) optimal decay rates, to the corresponding nonlinear diffusion wave which satisfies (1.9) provided the corresponding prescribed initial error function (V₀(x),U₀(x)) lies in (H³(R⁺)∩L¹(R⁺))×(H²(R⁺)∩L¹(R⁺)).     

Boundary regularity for viscosity solutions to degenerate elliptic PDEs

Sufficient conditions are given for the solutions to the (fully nonlinear, degenerate) elliptic equation F(x,u,Du,D²u)=0 in Ω to satisfy |u(x)−u(y)|?Cα|x−y| for some α∈(0,1) when x∈Ω and y∈∂Ω.     

Dirichlet inhomogeneous boundary value problem for the n+1 complex Ginzburg-Landau equation

We study the following complex Ginzburg-Landau equation with cubic nonlinearity on for under initial and Dirichlet boundary conditions u(x,0)=h(x) for x∈Ω, u(x,t)=Q(x,t) on ∂Ω where h,Q are given smooth functions. Under suitable conditions, we prove the existence of a global solution in H¹. Further, this solution approaches to the solution of the NLS limit under identical initial and boundary data as a,b→0⁺.     

Bound states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with potentials tending to zero at infinity

In this paper, we are concerned with the existence of solutions to the N-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation −ε²Δu+V(x)u=K(x)up with u(x)>0, u∈H¹(RN), N?3 and . When the potential V(x) decays at infinity faster than ⁻²(1+|x|) and K(x)?0 is permitted to be unbounded, we will show that the positive H¹(RN)-solutions exist if it is assumed that G(x) has local minimum points for small ε>0, here with denotes the ground energy function which is introduced in [X. Wang, B. Zeng, On concentration of positive bound states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with competing potential functions, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 28 (1997) 633-655]. In addition, when the potential V(x) decays to zero at most like (1+|x|)^−α with 0<α?2, we also discuss the existence of positive H¹(RN)-solutions for unbounded K(x). Compared with some previous papers [A. Ambrosetti, A. Malchiodi, D. Ruiz, Bound states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with potentials vanishing at infinity, J. Anal. Math. 98 (2006) 317-348; A. Ambrosetti, D. Ruiz, Radial solutions concentrating on spheres of NLS with vanishing potentials, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A 136 (2006) 889-907; A. Ambrosetti, Z.Q. Wang, Nonlinear Schrödinger equations with vanishing and decaying potentials, Differential Integral Equations 18 (2005) 1321-1332] and so on, we remove the restrictions on the potential function V(x) which decays at infinity like (1+|x|)^−α with 0<α?2 as well as the restrictions on the boundedness of K(x)>0. Therefore, we partly answer a question posed in the reference [A. Ambrosetti, A. Malchiodi, Concentration phenomena for NLS: Recent results and new perspectives, preprint, 2006].     

Multiple positive solutions of nonhomogeneous elliptic systems with strongly indefinite structure and critical Sobolev exponents

In this paper, we study the existence of multiple positive solutions to some Hamiltonian elliptic systems −Δv=λu+u^p+εf(x), −Δu=μv+v^q+δg(x) in Ω;u,v>0 in Ω; u=v=0 on ∂Ω, where Ω is a bounded domain in R^N (N?3); 0?f, g∈L∞(Ω); 1/(p+1)+1/(q+1)=(N−2)/N, p,q>1; λ,μ>0. Using sub- and supersolution method and based on an adaptation of the dual variational approach, we prove the existence of at least two nontrivial positive solutions for all λ,μ∈(0,λ₁) and ε,δ∈(0,δ₀), where λ₁ is the first eigenvalue of the Laplace operator −Δ with zero Dirichlet boundary conditions and δ₀ is a positive number.     

Global attractors for nonlinear wave equations with nonlinear dissipative terms

We show the existence, size and some absorbing properties of global attractors of the nonlinear wave equations with nonlinear dissipations like ρ(x,ut)=a(x)r|ut|ut.     

Partial regularity of finite Morse index solutions to the Lane-Emden equation

We prove regularity and partial regularity results for finite Morse index solutions u∈H¹(Ω)∩Lp(Ω) to the Lane-Emden equation −Δu=|u|^p−1u in Ω.     

The singular limit of the Allen-Cahn equation and the FitzHugh-Nagumo system

We consider an Allen-Cahn type equation of the form ut=Δu+ε⁻²fε(x,t,u), where ε is a small parameter and fε(x,t,u)=f(u)−εgε(x,t,u) a bistable nonlinearity associated with a double-well potential whose well-depths can be slightly unbalanced. Given a rather general initial data u₀ that is independent of ε, we perform a rigorous analysis of both the generation and the motion of interface. More precisely we show that the solution develops a steep transition layer within the time scale of order ε²|lnε|, and that the layer obeys the law of motion that coincides with the formal asymptotic limit within an error margin of order ε. This is an optimal estimate that has not been known before for solutions with general initial data, even in the case where gε≡0.Next we consider systems of reaction-diffusion equations of the form