基于反饱和吸收的无腔光学双稳态

本文研究了有机材料基于反饱和吸收的瞬态无腔光学双稳特性，以有机材料酞菁铜为例，理论计算得到了基于反饱和吸收的无腔光学双稳回线，实验上首次观察到酞菁铜溶液的增强吸收型无腔光学双稳态，理论计算与实验结果一致。     

基于延时光电反馈控制两段式半导体激光器的双稳及自脉动特性

提出一种将延时光电反馈引入两段式双稳半导体激光器（TBLD）的吸收区，从而达到控制其双稳及自脉动特性的方案.利用速率方程模型，分析了反馈增益及延迟时间对TBLD双稳及不稳定特性的控制作用.数值模拟的结果表明：TBLD的稳定区域随延迟时间呈周期性变化；双稳区域随延迟时间的增大而变窄；在一定的取值范围内，增大延迟时间有利于增强双稳的稳定性；负反馈更容易出现不稳定性. 关键词： 两段式双稳半导体激光器 动态双稳 自脉动 延时光电反馈     

离子晶格非简谐振动引起的光学非线性与增强吸收型光双稳

处理了光场（电磁场）与离子晶体的非简谐性振动之间的相互作用问题。导出了用简正坐标即声子模式所表达的非线性晶格动力学和非线性宏观极化。在旋转波近似下，得到在入射光驱动下光子－声子耦合体系的总的相干性哈密顿算符。通过相应的静态方程证明该耦合系统会出现增强吸收型光学双稳性，这也就证明了光场与各种玻色子型固体元激发，如光频支声子和半导体中激子的非线性耦合可以作为增强吸收型光双稳的机制。     

ZnSe／ZnS多量子阱激子光学双稳性

用MOCVD在CaF_2衬底上生长的ZnSe/ZnS多量子阱材料,在77K下用N_2激光泵浦染料获得的宽带光脉冲进行了非线性光学测量,首次观察到ZnSe/ZnS多量子阱的激子光学双稳性,据分析这是由激子的能带增宽效应引起的增强吸收光学双稳性.     

光脉冲在含玻色元激发的非线性介质中的传播与面积定理

研究了取决于场与玻色（ｂｏｓｏｎ元激发瞬间相互作用的光信号传播问题。导出了相应的‘面积定理’，是将只关系到光脉冲在二能级系统中传播的面积定理的一种推广。所得结果和用光与玻色物质耦合模型对增强吸收型光双稳的解决是一致的。     

掺铒光纤吸收增加光学双稳态

报道了的掺铒光纤中观测到的吸收增加非线性和无腔光学双稳运转。双稳是低功率的（亚毫瓦级）。分析了掺铒光纤吸收增加双稳态产生的机理     

Na2中由一对耦合能级相干叠加导致的双光子吸收的干涉增强效应

在中间共振增强能级是一对波函数叠加的耦合能级的钠分子菱形四能级系统中，实验观察了由该两耦合能级的相干叠加作用所导致的不等频双光子吸收的干涉增强效应，并运用密度矩阵方程对这一实验现象进行了计算，其结果与实验符合得很好. 关键词： 干涉增强 双光子吸收 菱形四能级系统 耦合能级     

级联双稳系统的随机共振特性

研究了两个双稳系统级联的随机共振特性，由于第一级双稳系统的作用是将白噪声转变为色噪声，因此它是整个级联系统中最重要的环节，以后各级系统近似按洛伦兹分布将噪声能量不断向低频区域集中，从而减弱高频抖动，突出波形的基本轮廓.频谱中信号谱峰随噪声强度的变化规律表明，级联双稳系统只在有限的低频范围内，通过一定量的噪声强度来增强信号频率处的谱峰高度，如果前一级系统未达到随机共振状态，那么其后一级并不能对前一级的输出进行“优化”而形成随机共振.级联双稳系统级数的增加，会使噪声能量集中的低频区域变窄，信号谱峰易被压缩和受到噪声干扰.虽然可以用二次采样方法进行改善，但其改善程度有限.因此对于信号检测而言，使用单级双稳系统即可. 关键词： 级联双稳系统 随机共振 频谱 噪声     

包含三能级原子环形腔的动态非稳与混沌过渡

在包含三能级原子的环形腔的输出光场中，观察到了由电磁感应透明（EIT）效应导致的动态非稳及混沌．该动态非稳及向混沌的过渡可以通过耦合光场而加以很好地控制．同时，由三能级EIT导致的原子相干改变了系统的吸收、色散及非线性效应，从而极大地增强了系统的动态非稳和混沌过渡特性．建立了一个理论模型来定量地解释观察到的现象．     

随机共振控制的频率匹配方法

根据非线性双稳系统在噪声和弱周期信号作用下产生随机共振的随机同步条件，提出了随机共振控制的频率匹配方法.理论分析和数值仿真结果表明，随机共振是可控制的，通过控制输入信号的频率和噪声的统计特性，不仅能拓宽产生随机共振的频率范围，而且能增强共振的强度，从而实现有更多的噪声能量转换为信号能量. 关键词： 随机共振 非线性双稳系统 频率匹配 控制     

Defining quantum dynamical entropy

We propose an elementary definition of the dynamical entropy for a discrete-time quantum dynamical system. We apply our construction to classical dynamical systems and to the shift on a quantum spin chain. In the first case, we recover the Kolmogorov-Sinai invariant and, for the second, we find the mean entropy of the invariant state plus the logarithm of the dimension of the single-spin space.     

Resynchronizing dynamical systems

Resynchronizing dynamical systems are important for certain chaotic signal masking methods. We demonstrate the dependence of the resynchronizing property of linear dynamical systems on choices of coordinate systems. Using these insights, we demonstrate how a nonlinear system not previously known to be synchronizable can be used for chaotic signal masking.     

On non-singular generalised dynamical formalisms

This work shows that a certain class of classical dynamical formalisms, characterised by non-singular Lie structures more general than the usual (Poisson) one, are derivable from ordinary constrained dynamical formalisms. As a consequence, the Lie brackets considered are special cases of suitably chosen Dirac brackets. Both unconstrained and constrained generalised dynamical formalisms are considered. The relations of our results with the problem of constructing classical analogues of generalised quantum systems are stressed.     

Entropy of a fibered dynamical system

The entropy of the geodesic flow associated to a fibered dynamical system is shown to be zero; in particular the entropy of a quantizable dynamical system is zero. An ergodic dynamical system which defines a quantizable dynamical system is outlined.This research was supported in part by NSF GP-20856 A 1     

Exponent inequalities in dynamical systems

In this Letter, we derive exponent inequalities relating the dynamic exponent z to the steady state exponent Γ for a general class of stochastically driven dynamical systems. We begin by deriving a general exact inequality, relating the response function and the correlation function, from which the various exponent inequalities emanate. We then distinguish between two classes of dynamical systems and obtain different and complementary inequalities relating z and Γ. The consequences of those inequalities for a wide set of dynamical problems, including critical dynamics and Kardar-Parisi-Zhang-like problems, are discussed.     

Optimization-based structure identification of dynamical networks

The topological structure of a dynamical network plays a pivotal part in its properties, dynamics and control. Thus, understanding and modeling the structure of a network will lead to a better knowledge of its evolutionary mechanisms and to a better cottoning on its dynamical and functional behaviors. However, in many practical situations, the topological structure of a dynamical network is usually unknown or uncertain. Thus, exploring the underlying topological structure of a dynamical network is of great value. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in structure identification of dynamical networks. As a result, various methods for identifying the network structure have been proposed. However, in most of the previous work, few of them were discussed in the perspective of optimization. In this paper, an optimization algorithm based on the projected conjugate gradient method is proposed to identify a network structure. It is straightforward and applicable to networks with or without observation noise. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is applicable to dynamical networks with partially observed component variables for each multidimensional node, as well as small-scale networks with time-varying structures. Numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the good performance and universality of the new algorithm.     

Differences between dynamical theories of giant resonances

It is the objective of dynamical theories of collective excitations to describe the influence of particle-vibration coupling on the excitation energies of giant resonances. This yields dynamical corrections to the energies calculated in the random-phase approximation (RPA). The existing dynamical theories can be characterized by the effective particle-hole gap which they prescribe for RPA-type calculations of collective excitations. We investigate three dynamical theories in the framework of a schematic model for the nucleon self-energy. In the case of the giant dipole resonance in ²⁰⁸Pb, the microscopic dynamical model prescribes an effective p-h gap which is smaller than the experimental value; in contradistinction, the effective p-h gap is larger than the experimental value in the case of the isoscalar octupole surface vibration. These dynamical corrections are opposite to the corrections predicted by two other models which have been proposed. The origin of these differences is discussed.     

Explosive synchronization through dynamical environment

We report the emergence of an explosive synchronization transition in the identical oscillators interacting indirectly through a network of dynamical agents. The transition from incoherent state to coherent state and vice–versa in these coupled oscillator exhibits an abrupt as well as irreversible. Such transition depends on the network topology as well as the interaction between the oscillators and dynamical agents rather than degree-frequency correlation in the network of oscillators. The occurrence of explosive synchronization is studied in details by using an appropriate order parameter for limit-cycle oscillators with respect to the different parameters like rewiring probability, average degree, and diffusion rate in dynamical agents.     

Normal forms of reversible dynamical systems

We consider reversible dynamical systems with a fixed point which is also fixed under the reversing involution; we show that applying to such a system the canonical Poincaré-Dulac procedure reducing a dynamical system to its normal form, we obtain a normal form which is still reversible (under the same involution as the original system); conversely, we also show how to obtain all the reversible systems which are reduced to a given reversible form. This allows one to (locally) classify reversible dynamical systems, and reduce their (local) study to that of reversible normal forms.     

Spectral decomposition of expanding probabilistic dynamical systems

We study probabilistic combinations of expanding dynamical systems, which we call expanding probabilistic dynamical systems, in one dimension. If the system is composed by exact endomorphisms we prove that the probabilistic dynamical system is an exact Markov semigroup, and we determine a generalized spectral decomposition of the associated Markov operator on densities for an example of the tent map coupled with the 2-Renyi map.