液晶显示器用导电粉的扫描电镜图像

液晶显示器用导电粉的形状、尺寸及偏差对于液晶显示屏的质量控制来说是非常重要的。论述了液晶显示器(LCD)用导电粉的作用和性能要求。给出了液晶显示器用导电粉的扫描电镜图像。该图像对观测导电粉的粒径分布、导电粉在导电点中的浓度和分析导电点缺陷、提高液晶显示器的产品质量具有一定的意义。     

Partially coherent optical processor for enhancement of partial second order derivatives of an image: Analysis and implementation

We present an optical processor capable to perform partial second derivatives of an image working with partially coherent illumination. The proposed system utilizes a liquid crystal display, onto which images to be derived are displayed. The method is based on the capacity of these devices to generate simultaneously a contrast reverted replica of the image displayed on it. A positive replica of original image is obtained when the LCD is between crossed polarizers, while the negative one is obtained with the LCD is between parallel polarizers. Since the LCD is a diffraction element, both polarizer arrangements may be simultaneously implemented, for example, in a 4f optical processor using polarization filtering of the different diffraction orders. When three images (two replicas of original image displaced in opposite direction and the other one with contrast reverted and centered at the origin.) are imagined across a slightly defocused plane, one obtains an image with enhanced second derivatives in a given direction. No other incoherent (or partially coherent) optical system is presently known which can perform partial second-order derivatives of an image. Experimental results obtained are presented.     

The quality improvement of PI coating process of TFT-LCD panels with Taguchi methods

This study applied Taguchi methods to improve the quality of PI (polyimide) coating processes for TFL-LCD (thin-film transistor liquid-crystal display) panels, which could prevent low yield due to adjustments of cleaning machine brush indentation for chipping. The optimal process conditions were obtained by the Taguchi methods in order that alignment film printing can achieve the best product quality at the lowest cost. Experiments were conducted, based on a number of defects on printed alignment film, for the impacts of various conditions of Taguchi experiments on quality. The Fourier analysis was performed in an optical inspection machine to determine the defects in the deposition of an alignment film layer. This study employed the Taguchi method to improve alignment film printing process parameters and production yield, and control a cell particle derived long-term product scrap level below 0.2%, as well as lower NG and line repair probabilities.     

Tunable optical vortex arrays using spontaneous periodic pattern formation in nematic liquid crystal cells

Controllable liquid crystal (LC) defects can provide an effective approach to creating tunable optical vortices. We develop a method to create tunable matter vortex arrays in an LC cell, in which +1 and −1 defects are periodically arranged in a square grid lattice. Spontaneous formation of the periodic defect array is achieved using a spontaneous standing pressure wave without using any patterned electrode or patterned alignment layer. The +1 and −1 defects in the array can induce optical vortices with opposite handedness, and the matter vortex array produces a periodic optical vortex array with orbital angular momenta of −2ℏ and +2ℏ in the same grid lattice. Because the pitch of the grid can be controlled, the method can provide a useful pathway to producing tunable optical vortex arrays for various applications such as advanced optical communication and quantum computation.     

Film thickness measurement and defect inspection using optical coherence tomography

An optical sensing technology based on optical coherence tomography is presented for film thickness measurement and defect inspection. In order to improve the imaging quality, a simple interference spectrum processing procedure is proposed to eliminate the DC and the autocorrelation noise. With the proposed method, we obtain high quality one-dimensional depth and two-dimensional cross-sectional images of the films. Then, the thickness and the defect information of the film can be obtained from the acquired images. The experiment result demonstrates that this nondestructive imaging technique is applicable for measuring film thickness and inspecting defects.     

Study on dynamic deformation synchronized measurement technology of double-layer liquid surfaces

Accurate measurement of the dynamic deformation of double-layer liquid surfaces plays an important role in many fields, such as fluid mechanics, biomechanics, petrochemical industry and aerospace engineering. It is difficult to measure dynamic deformation of double-layer liquid surfaces synchronously for traditional methods. In this paper, a novel and effective method for full-field static and dynamic deformation measurement of double-layer liquid surfaces has been developed, that is wavefront distortion of double-wavelength transmission light with geometric phase analysis (GPA) method. Double wavelength lattice patterns used here are produced by two techniques, one is by double wavelength laser, and the other is by liquid crystal display (LCD). The techniques combine the characteristics such as high transparency, low reflectivity and fluidity of liquid. Two color lattice patterns produced by laser and LCD were adjusted at a certain angle through the tested double-layer liquid surfaces simultaneously. On the basis of the refractive indexes difference of two transmitted lights, the double-layer liquid surfaces were decoupled with GPA method. Combined with the derived relationship between phase variation of transmission-lattice patterns and out-of plane heights of two surfaces, as well as considering the height curves of the liquid level, the double-layer liquid surfaces can be reconstructed successfully. Compared with the traditional measurement method, the developed method not only has the common advantages of the optical measurement methods, such as high-precision, full-field and non-contact, but also simple, low cost and easy to set up.     

Defect inspection of actuator lenses using swept-source optical coherence tomography

Actuator lens industries have gained an enormous interest with the enhancement of various latest communication devices, such as mobile phone and notebooks. The quality of the aforementioned devices can be degraded due to the internal defects of actuator lenses. Therefore, in this study, we implemented swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system to inspect defects of actuator lenses. Owing to the high-resolution of the SS-OCT system, defected foreign substances between the actuator lenses, defective regions of lenses and surface stains were more clearly distinguished through three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) cross-sectional OCT images. Therefore, the implemented SS-OCT system can be considered as a potential application to defect inspection of actuator lens.     

Air-coupled ultrasound inspection of various materials

Conventional ultrasound inspection, a standard non-destructive testing method, uses a coupling medium (e.g. water) because of impedance mismatch. This liquid contact is a drawback because it prevents inspection of many materials. There is a need, then, for air-coupled ultrasound testing, which is now feasible because of low impedance focused narrow band transducers and sensitive electronics, both of which improve the signal-to-noise ratio. We present results obtained on fibre-reinforced plastics, water sensitive materials (e.g. reinforced ceramics), and "shape adaptive" structures to reveal delaminations, impacts, and growth of internal defects. Actuators embedded in "adaptive" structures are used as transmitters while the receiver records the signals. Thus it is possible to image defect areas and non-linear behaviour of potential defects.     

基于分布式超声无损检测方法的零件内部缺陷检测

超声检测广泛应用于工业检测,比如超声相控阵检测法和超声A扫应用于零件内部缺陷检测。然而,这些方法可以检测出缺陷位置却很难精确地检测缺陷尺寸,缺陷定量成了急需解决并且很有意义的问题。本文提出了一种分布式超声无损检测方法,将超声探头均匀布置在检测表面,每一个超声探头可以同时发射和接收超声信号,通过对接收到的信号进行处理来重构缺陷轮廓。基于分布式超声无损检测方法,重构零件的人造缺陷并建立相应的声学仿真模型。通过多项式拟合法和聚类法分别处理实验和仿真所获得的数据并重构缺陷轮廓。实验结果和仿真结果显示重构的椭圆形缺陷和正方形缺陷具有一定的精度。结果表明分布式超声无损检测方法有潜在的应用价值和理论意义。     

Simulation of Lamb wave's interactions with transverse internal defects in an elastic plate

Lamb wave’s interactions with transverse internal defects in an elastic plate are investigated in this paper to help practical inspection work with guided wave. A 2D frequency domain hybrid boundary element method approach previously mainly used to study Lamb wave’s interactions with external defects in elastic plates is adopted in this work and extended to study the cases of internal defects. Simulation examples are presented to illustrate the reflection and transmission coefficients’ variations with various parameters including defect’s height, width, testing fd for internal symmetrical and non-symmetrical cracks, with symmetry defined with respect to the middle plane of the plate. This simulation could be a valuable tool for the research of Lamb wave’s applications in nondestructive testing (NDT) field, as the problem of internal defects could be difficult to study experimentally because of the inconvenience in machining internal defects in a real plate.     

小角度纵波水浸超声检测技术在消除锻件结构盲区中的应用

航空发动机中的后轴颈锻件一般采用水浸超声纵波直入射方法检测内部缺陷。由于型面结构的问题,在锻件的直筒和锥形段连接区域存在检测盲区。该文针对某型号发动机中的后轴颈锻件,开展了水浸超声检测工艺研究,提出利用小角度纵波覆盖盲区的思路。通过对含有人工缺陷的模拟样件的检测实验,比较了水浸纵波直入射和小角度纵波斜入射两种检测方法对后轴颈连接区域的覆盖能力。结果表明,该文提出的小角度纵波方法,可以有效检测出水浸纵波直入射检测方法无法发现的人工缺陷,消除由结构引起的检测盲区,保障零件的服役安全。     

液晶相息图用于光学检测

根据液晶的动态响应和位相调制特性,研究了一种利用液晶显示器进行光学检测的检测方法.实验中,把液晶显示器改造为纯位相的空间光调制器,并测定了它的位相调制特性.实验测得：改造后的液晶显示器可实现1 λ(λ=632.8 nm)的调制量.通过引入相息图的方法,实现了液晶空间光调制器的大位相调制量.并产生了调制量为3.4 λ的球面波.最后,利用液晶显示器检测了凸透镜的前表面.检测结果发现,干涉条纹为平行直条纹且PV值为0.32λ.     

Scanning moiré and spatial-offset phase-stepping for surface inspection of structures

In order to develop a high-speed and accurate surface inspection system of structures such as tunnels, a new surface profile measurement method using linear array sensors is studied. The sinusoidal grating is projected on a structure surface. Then, the deformed grating is scanned by linear array sensors that move together with the grating projector. The phase of the grating is analyzed by a spatial offset phase-stepping method to perform accurate measurement. The surface profile measurements of the wall with bricks and the concrete surface of a structure are demonstrated using the proposed method. The change of geometry or fabric of structures and the defects on structure surfaces can be detected by the proposed method. It is expected that the surface profile inspection system of tunnels measuring from a running train can be constructed based on the proposed method.     

缺陷态透射率可调的三缺陷层的一维光子晶体

利用传输矩阵方法,从理论上研究了三缺陷层一维光子晶体的光学性质.在缺陷层间距足够大以致于出现缺陷态简并的情况下,调节第一或第三个缺陷层的光学厚度,光子晶体缺陷态的透射率会发生最大程度的变化.这种结构可同时具有窄带滤波器和光开关的功能,据此提出了一种低阈值光开关的设计.把折射率可调的向列型液晶作为晶体的第三个缺陷层,并用4×4传输矩阵方法计算了其缺陷态透射率与电场电压的关系.     

基于电磁超声换能器的火车轮探伤研究

利用电磁超声探伤方法对检测火车轮表面及近表面缺陷进行实验探究,从而保证车轮质量,避免事故发生。文章介绍了火车车轮电磁超声探伤的原理和方法。根据电磁超声表面波辐射扩散角的分布情况,得出利用电磁超声表面波进行车轮踏面探伤的可行性。将制作的小巧换能器探头与便携式电磁超声探伤仪配合,能够实现对车轮的快速探伤检测。通过大量的车轮探伤实验,检出了典型车轮踏面缺陷。根据检测波形特点并结合生产工艺情况,分析得出产生缺陷的原因。研究表明:电磁超声无损检测方法能够快速、有效检出车轮踏面缺陷。     

光学元件损伤在线检测装置及实验研究

 利用暗场成像原理，研制成功一套应用于大型激光装置的光学元件损伤在线检测装置，并在多程放大系统上进行了实验研究。与传统的检测手段相比，该检测装置可以实现对光学系统的在线检测，并可对损伤点的图像进行分析处理，最后提出通过减小像差和扩大检测范围的方法来改进该装置的检测效果。     

基于LED背光源区域控制的LCD系统色域分析

介绍了液晶显示(LCD)系统普遍使用的色域计算方法。针对LCD系统的色域主要由背光源的光谱特性、彩膜的光谱透过率特性和液晶面板的特性三个方面的因素决定,采用LED作为背光源来提高系统整体的色彩表现能力,利用色度学的方法,通过对LED背光源光谱的分析计算,比较了有无区域控制的背光源经过彩膜后系统色域的大小,并分析了液晶面板对比度的变化分别对两种模式下背光源色域的影响情况。分析和计算结果表明：采用区域控制的LED背光源可以改善由于彩膜性能的不完善所引起的再现三基色色彩饱和度降低的现象,同时该模式下系统色域受液晶面板对比度变化的影响很小,即降低了系统色域对彩膜性能和液晶面板性能的要求,因此对于提高现有LCD系统的色域具有非常重要的意义。     

Modeling and characterization of TFT-LCD display module for LED projector

We developed optical simulation models for TFT-LCD modules in LED projectors to study the effects of optical properties and light projection tilting angle on the transmission rate of liquid crystals. Optical properties for modules in each of the LCD panel layers were included in the study. The experiment for establishing crystal rotation was first constructed to measure changes in the transmission rate as light was projected on the LCD panel from different angles. The relationship between light attenuation and the allowable angles at which the LCD panel is able to allow light to shine through, was investigated. The results were used as parameters in the optical simulations. Through the use of LightTools, an optical software package, optical simulation was built for different modules in each of the LCD panel layers and optical simulation analysis was performed on the overall structure of the TFT-LCD panel. Results from the simulation analysis were compared with experimental results from scanning illumination measurement. The disparity between simulated and experimental values was less than 13%, ensuring the rationality and accuracy of the optical simulation.     

液晶双折射实验

本文介绍测试液晶双折射的见和ne的一种实验方法，它可作为使学生了解光学双折射现象和现代液晶显示技术（LCD）的一个新的物理实验。     

A Color Holographic Reconstruction System by Time Division Multiplexing with Reference Lights of Laser

3D-TV systems by holography technique have been studied in the world. In this paper, we report a color holographic reconstruction system by time division multiplexing method with reference lights of laser. The method can reconstruct a color holographic image by switching reference lights of red, green and blue colors at certain intervals. We can observe a color holographic image using red and green lasers as the reference lights, a high minute liquid crystal display (LCD) panel as a spatial light modulator (SLM) and electro-shutters as the shuttering device of the laser lights in the optical system. This approach has some advantages. Namely, the structure of the optical system can be simple and the number of LCD panels in the optical system can be decreased.