用于紫外光谱水质分析的Boosting-偏最小二乘法

为提高水质参数总有机碳(TOC)的紫外吸收光谱分析的预测精度,提出一种基于Boosting理论的迭代式回归建模算法,并根据统计学习理论提出一种新的迭代停止判据,可有效防止过拟合,显著提高模型预测精度。为评估所提算法的性能,分别采用本算法和3种常用的光谱分析方法,即偏最小二乘、主成分回归和人工神经网络,对自行研制的紫外光谱水质分析仪实测的一组数据进行了建模和预测。计算结果表明:相对于其他3种方法,本算法具有生成的模型预测精度高的显著优势。     

荧光光度法测定地表水、地下水及废水中石油类样品的方法优化

改进了利用荧光分光光度计测定水质石油类样品的分析方法. 水质石油样品采用正己烷提取,经硅酸镁净化后使用荧光分光光度计检测. 经过优化,方法曲线线性在0.999以上,检出限为0.007 mg/L. 经过3种地表水、1种地下水以及2种工业废水的验证,回收率为87.5%~110.0%. 分别使用紫外法、红外法与荧光光度法进行比对,地表水和地下水测定结果相对偏差为5.3%~13.3%,废水测定结果相对偏差为1.7%~19.5%. 经验证,荧光光度法检出限低,灵敏度高,可以作为现有水质石油类监测标准体系的补充.     

川木香水热法一步合成荧光碳量子点及光学性能研究

以中药材川木香原药为碳源，采用水热法一步合成了荧光碳量子点。通过水热法实验条件优化，获得制备荧光碳量子点的最佳实验参数，通过透射电镜(TEM)对荧光碳量子点进行形貌表征，通过X射线光电子能谱分仪(XPS)对荧光碳量子点进行元素组成分析，通过荧光光谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱对荧光碳量子点进行了光学性能研究。结果表明：川木香用量1.00 g,水热反应温度180℃,水热反应时间2.0 h时，制备得到的荧光碳量子点光学性能最佳。荧光碳量子点平均粒径为5 nm,主要含有C元素和O元素，最大激发波长为360 nm,对应的发射波长为420 nm,特征吸收峰为280 nm,量子产率为12.9%。     

基于新疆煤炭的荧光碳量子点的制备与应用研究

本实验以新疆五种不同产地的煤炭为原料,采用酸煮回流法分别制备了五种碳量子点(CQDs)。通过荧光光谱对比分析,巴里坤煤样所制备的CQDs荧光性能最佳。利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、傅里叶变化红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV/vis)、荧光光谱(PL)等对巴里坤煤样所制备的CQDs进行进行结构和光学性能的表征。结果表明,制备的CQDs分散性良好,平均尺寸2.3 nm且具有良好的水溶性,在紫外区有很强的吸,可以发出黄色荧光。研究发现,基于微量金属离子对CQDs的猝灭作用,所制备的CQDs可应用于微量金属离子的探测。     

新型水溶性多色荧光碳点的制备及细胞成像研究

以鸡蛋清和牛奶分别与葡萄糖进行水热反应,制备水溶性多色荧光碳点,通过膜和柱层析分离纯化,利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外吸收光谱(UV)、荧光光谱(FL)、红外光谱(FTIR)等技术对所制备碳纳米粒子的粒径大小、吸收光谱、发光性质、表面基团进行表征。将所制备的碳点与小鼠黑色素瘤细胞共孵育,进行细胞成像应用评价。结果表明:制备的两种水溶性荧光碳点平均粒径分别为2.5 nm和4.9 nm,可在紫外灯下发出明亮的荧光,紫外最大吸收波长为250 nm。基于鸡蛋清或牛奶与葡萄糖反应制备的多色荧光碳量子点具有良好水溶性,其荧光光谱最大发射波长分别在410 nm和400 nm处,同时在660~800 nm激发波长范围内具有上转换性质,且荧光发射光谱随着激发光波长的增加发生红移。红外光谱表明存在—COOH、—NH2和—OH基团。细胞成像结果表明,在405 nm或488 nm激光照射下,所制备的碳点在细胞内的荧光成像清晰可见,而且在碳点浓度小于2.5 mg/mL时,均表现出较低的细胞毒性。     

Lindqvist型多酸-苯胺杂化固体的合成及光谱法检测维生素C

以Lindqvist型六钼多酸为无机组分、苯胺为有机组分,采用二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)脱水法合成了共价键结合的六钼多酸苯胺杂化固体,采用核磁共振谱(~1 HNMR和~(13)CNMR)、红外光谱(IR)、紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)对产物进行了光谱分析。结果显示,与苯胺相比,杂化物UV-Vis光谱发生了较大程度的红移(37nm),表明Mo与N之间形成了叁键结构,增强了体系的共轭效应。红外光谱表明杂化物仍保持Lindqvist型多酸的结构。通过紫外-可见光谱法检测不同浓度的维生素C,发现杂化物溶液多次循环后吸光度没有明显的改变,表明紫外可见探针可循环使用。     

葡萄糖酸碳量子点的合成及其光学性能的研究

以葡萄糖酸为碳源,采用微波法、热解法和水热溶液法合成了水溶性较好的蓝色荧光碳量子点。用透射电镜(TEM)观察其形貌,荧光光谱(FL)和紫外可见光谱(UV)探究其激发和发射光谱,用时间分辨光谱(TRF)测其荧光寿命值。微波和热解法制备的碳量子点粒径在2.5~7.5 nm之间,激发波长为360 nm,发射波长为450 nm,荧光发射依赖激发波长,有三个荧光寿命,表面状态不均一。水热法制备的碳量子点,粒径在3.0~8.5 nm之间,激发波长为350 nm,发射波长为430 nm,荧光发射不依赖激发波长,只有一个荧光寿命值,表面状态均一。水热法合成的碳量子点荧光量子产率高为6.01%,为进一步研究葡萄糖酸制备碳量子点提供参考。     

水热法新型水溶性荧光碳点的制备及其性能研究

以阿拉伯糖和磷酸酪蛋白肽进行水热反应,制备水溶性多色荧光碳点,利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外吸收光谱(UV)、荧光光谱(FL)、红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线衍射(XRD)等对所制备碳点的粒径大小、吸收光谱、发光性质、表面基团等进行表征,并考察了其性能和对不同金属离子的识别作用。结果表明:制备的荧光碳点平均粒径为4.62 nm,其紫外最大吸收波长为281 nm,XRD峰值约为21°,可在紫外灯下发出明亮的荧光,最大发射波长为414 nm,且呈荧光多元发射。红外光谱分析表明存在—COOH,—NH2和—OH基团。该荧光碳点具有良好的性能,且对Cu2+和Fe3+有较强的选择性识别作用,其原因可能是荧光碳点的聚合导致粒径增大从而使荧光强度减弱。该碳点有望作为荧光探针用于检测分析和生物成像等领域。     

基于涤棉混纺织物的荧光碳点对Cr（Ⅵ）和Hg（Ⅱ）的检测

该文以废弃涤棉混纺织物为碳源,分别在乙二醇和硫酸溶液中通过溶剂热法合成了两种荧光碳点,实现了对溶液中Cr（Ⅵ）和Hg（Ⅱ）的检测。通过透射电镜与红外光谱表征了碳点的形貌与组成,并基于紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱分析了碳点的电子跃迁形式及发光类型。在乙二醇体系中制得的碳点（ETCCDs）能够选择性检测Cr（Ⅵ）,检出限为0.093 mg/L,其检测机理为荧光内滤效应;硫酸体系中制备的碳点（WTCCDs）能够选择性检测Hg（Ⅱ）,检出限为0.018μmol/L,检测机理为能量转移。对实际水样中的Cr（Ⅵ）和Hg（Ⅱ）进行检测,验证了上述两种碳点的实用性。基于涤棉混纺织物制备的荧光碳点不仅实现了对两种重金属离子的检测,同时也为废旧纺织物的再生利用提供了借鉴意义。     

湿法氧化法测定水中总有机碳

饮用水水质尤其是有机污染物控制问题已成为当今世界普遍关注的问题。目前在水环境监测中常采用化学需氧量(CODCr)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)和总有机碳(TOC)等综合指标来表示水中有机物。由于TOC表征不同的碳化合物和氧化状态物,对各种有机物的氧化效率也高,与CODCr、BOD5和CODMn相比较,更能准确、直接、全面地反映水体中总有机物的含量[1,2]。因此,TOC测定越来越受到人们的关注[3,4]。测定TOC的方法很多,传统分析方法有高温催化氧化、辅助湿法氧化等;新颖的分析方法有电阻法、电导法、非分散红外吸收法、…     

Determination of anti-inflammatory drugs and estrogens in water by HPLC with UV detection

An analytical method based on LC and UV detection has been developed for the determination of anti-inflammatory compounds and estrogens in water samples. The drugs investigated were diclofenac, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, naproxen, clofibric acid, estriol, 17beta-estradiol, estrone and ethynylestradiol. The detection limits were in the range of 6-74 microg/L and 0.041 -0.16 mg/L for acidic pharmaceuticals and estrogens, respectively, using narrow-bore C18 analytical column. Analyte enrichment from water samples was achieved by SPE procedure using polymeric Strata-X cartridges. Average recoveries obtained from 2.5 L of surface water sample were in the range of 77-98%.     

一种有机酰腙类配体及其金属凝胶的结构及性能

设计合成了一种带有长链烷基和配位基团的新型有机配体2-吡啶甲醛-4'-十二烷氧基苯甲酰腙(简称L),并采用核磁(1H-NMR)、红外(FTIR)、电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)和元素分析确认其结构.在乙醇和水的混合溶剂中,配体L可使溶剂凝胶化,并可与多种金属离子(Co(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅱ)作用,形成金属凝胶.采用扫描电镜分析表明,L自身形成的凝胶及金属凝胶的微观形貌均为相互搭接的纤维状结构.采用紫外光谱分析表明在乙醇溶液中L分子形成了聚集体.采用平板流变仪分析表明引入金属离子可提高凝胶的强度.进一步合成了L与Cu(Ⅱ)的配合物,通过对比配合物与金属凝胶的红外光谱和紫外光谱,证明金属凝胶中配体L与金属离子间形成了配位作用.     

Determination of UV-filters in sunscreens by HPLC

Simultaneous determination of six internationally authorised organic UV-filters in sunscreen formulations was performed by HPLC with UV spectrophotometric detection. The filters determined were: sulisobenzone, oxybenzone, octyl dimethyl PABA, octyl methoxycinnamate, octyl salicylate and homosalate. A C18 stationary phase and a mobile phase of ethanol water acetic acid (70:29.5:0.5) were used with a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. UV measurements were carried out at 313 nm. The time required for the analysis was 25 min and the limits of detection were between 0.2 and 2 mg/L, except for sulisobenzone, which gave a limit of detection of 20 mg/L. The procedure proposed provides an accurate, fast and green analytical method, that does not involve toxic organic solvents.     

比光谱导数分光光度法同时测定微量磷和砷

采用比光谱导数法对严重重叠的砷钼酸和磷钼酸与乙基罗丹明Ｂ的缔合物的吸收光谱进行数据解释。结果表明，此法不需分离和掩蔽而能实现对微量砷和磷的同时测定，探讨了显色条件，测定波长及求导计算时波长间距的选择等问题，应用于合成样品和水样的分析。     

Ultra-trace determination of mercury in river waters after online UV digestion of humic matter

A fully automated online ultraviolet (UV) digestion method for subsequent mercury (Hg) quantification in humic matter containing river waters is reported. The new developed flow injection analysis system (FIAS) consists basically of a UV lamp, a meander-form quartz glass reaction tube for online irradiation of the sample, and a nano-gold collector for preconcentration of dissolved mercury species. The FIAS is coupled to an atomic fluorescence spectrometer (AFS) for Hg detection. The optimized procedure allows accurate mercury quantification in water samples with up to 15 mg CL(-1) as dissolved organic carbon by addition of only 1% (v/v) of hydrogen peroxide solution and online UV irradiation for 6 min. Addition of strong oxidants and any other reagents is avoided due to the use of the catalytic active nano-gold collector. Here, preconcentration of Hg species, release of mercury as Hg(0), and AFS measurement are performed without addition of any reagents. Hence, the proposed approach offers significant advantages over existing methods. Analytical figures of merit showed the good performance of the developed method: The limit of quantification was found to be as low as 0.14 ng Hg L(-1). The linear working range is from 0.1 to 200 ng Hg L(-1) and relative standard deviation is <6.0% (n = 9). The system was successfully validated by comparison of the mercury concentrations found in model and real water samples obtained by the reference method EPA 1631 and the proposed method. Furthermore, application to six real river waters confirmed the feasibility of the proposed approach.     

Determination of Celecoxib, Rofecoxib, Sodium Diclofenac and Niflumic Acid in Human Serum Samples by HPLC with DAD Detection

A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the separation and simultaneous determination of two COX-2 inhibitors, celecoxib and rofecoxib, in addition to two well-known non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), sodium diclofenac and niflumic acid in human serum samples. Good chromatographic separation was achieved using a C18 bonded silica column applying a gradient with acetronitrile and water, from 15 to 60% acetonitrile. The mobile phase contained 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid as an organic modifier. Detection was made using a diode array detector (DAD) and the analytical parameters were established at the wavelength maximum in the UV spectrum of each drug. Linearity was studied up to 100.0 mg L⁻¹. Calibration functions, quantification and detection limits, intra- and inter-day reproducibility and accuracy were estimated for each drug. Solid phase extraction was needed to separate and concentrate the drugs from human serum samples. The method was successfully applied to determine the drugs in human serum samples at levels of 1.0 mg L⁻¹.     

Novel Amperometric Sensor Based on Rigid Near‐Percolation Composite

A novel amperometric sensor based on a rigid graphite‐epoxy composite of which composition is near to the percolation is reported. The electrochemical response of the novel transducer material was evaluated in terms of reproducibility of the fabrication process and reproducibility and repeatability of the analytical signal. The signal to noise ratio was improved. atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique was used to obtain qualitatively information. Amperometric detection of chlorine in water was carried on at a set potential of ?250 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. The developed flow injection analysis (FIA) system responded linearly to chlorine concentration between 0.15 mg L^?1 and 4 mg L^?1with a sensitivity of ?0.20 μA L mg^?1. The proposed system was applied to real samples from swimming‐pool water. No significant difference was observed regarding the standard method.     

基于导数光谱融合建模的红外光谱定量分析方法

设计了基于奇摄动技术的导数光谱估计器并提出基于不同阶次导数光谱空间的融合建模定量分析方法。方法充分利用导数光谱信息空间、区间最小二乘法和融合建模的优点,挖掘光谱深层次信息进行融合建模。分别利用麦汁浓度范围4.23~18.76° P (柏拉图度)的啤酒红外光谱公共数据集和配制的浓度为0.04%~5%范围的葡萄糖溶液实测光谱数据集进行定量分析方法的对比实验。实验结果表明,融合建模定量分析方法能获得最小的预测均方根误差(RMSEP),其值分别为0.121和0.087,能够准确地进行定量分析。与其它建模方法相比较,基于导数光谱的融合建模方法所建立的预测模型具有明显优越的性能。     

Determination of volatile fatty acids in landfill leachates by ion-exclusion chromatography

An ion-exclusion chromatographic method with on-line desalinization for the determination of volatile fatty acids in landfill leachates is described. Highly sensitive conductivity detection of the organic acids was achieved by using dilute p-hydroxybenzoic acid solution as an eluent. Interference with mineral acids was reduced by treatment with barium chloride solution prior to desalinization. A silver-loaded cation-exchange guard column for the desalinization was installed in series with the analytical column to avoid the contamination of organic acids. This method features detection limits of 0.01 mg L(-1) formic acid, 0.02 mg L(-1) acetic acid, 0.05 mg L(-1) propionic acid, and 0.1 mg L(-1) butyric acid, respectively, with an injection of 20 microL sample. Application of the on-line desalinization LC method is illustrated for leachate samples from a Japanese sanitary landfill.     

Rapid estimation of TOC in a marine urban sewage area by UV spectral deconvolution

A simple and rapid procedure for on-site qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic matter from discharges of municipal wastewater in seawater has been developed. This method is based on the knowledge of the UV signal of both seawater and anthropogenic absorbing matter and on the mathematical deconvolution of the sample spectrum using reference spectra. The main application is the estimation of TOC at the direct outlet of the discharge. This quantitative application is obviously limited by the nature of organic compounds, but the UV estimation allowed us to have an overview of the composition and evolution of organic matter into the polluted area. The application of this procedure has been carried out to study the wastewater dilution into an area receiving urban discharges. Experiments showed satisfactory analytical features with a range of TOC values from 75 to 1500?µM C, and the comparison of the results with those obtained by reference method presented a reasonable correlation (r ²?=?0.9636) in the marine discharge. The results have also allowed us to quickly estimate the plume evolution at the sea surface and in depth. This alternative method could be integrated in a portable device for on-site analysis and multiplication of measurements for relevant results, or in a continuous flow analyser.