稳恒电流磁效应对导体内电荷体密度的影响

在普通物理电磁学讲课中,讨论到稳恒电流通过均匀导体时得到这样的结论:净电荷只能出现在导体表面,体内净电荷处处为零。但是这个结论是在电学部分中给出的,换言之并没有考虑到电流本身磁效应的影响。因此在尔后引入电流的磁场时,有些学生自然地会提出这样的疑问:如果考虑电流本身的磁效应,那么上述结论是否还正确呢?下面就此作些解释。 首先考虑均匀导体无电流时,自由电子电荷体密度p0应为这样的常量,它使净电荷体密度处处为零。当通以稳恒电流时,体电流会在体内产生磁场,使运动电荷受到径向力。若以自由电子为载流子,它们便会向中央移动,…     

在均匀磁场中旋转的导体厚球壳上电荷的分布--证明在磁场中转动的导体表面电荷分布无普遍公式

用简单方法求出了在均匀磁场中旋转的导体厚球壳上电荷的分布,证明了在磁场中转动的导体表面电荷分布无普遍公式。     

也谈均匀磁场中旋转的中性轴对称导体上的电荷分布

严格证明了中性轴对称导体在均匀外磁场中旋转时,等势面为同轴圆柱面,并由电荷守恒定律证明该轴上的磁场精确等于外磁场Bo。同时还得出了该导体表面电荷密度的普遍公式。     

转动导体中的电荷分布

一、前言 在静止条件下,某孤立导体上的电荷将会在导体表面自动分布,以使它在导体内产生的电场为零,这是静电学中的一个基本结论.如果让导体转动,则应预期由于对传导电子的离心作用以及因电荷运动而产生的磁场,将会引起电有在导体中重新分布,并且导体中还会出现空间电荷. 我们将考虑下面的问题.让带有一个净电荷的某孤立导体具有一恒定的角速度.在稳定条件下,找出导体中的电荷分布和电磁场. 我们还未看到处理这个问题的文章,但有人考虑过三类与之有关的问题,而且都涉及转动体的电磁场理论. 首先,单极感应的问题已在本世纪的前二十年中研究过…     

读“等效的磁荷观点”有感

文章在假想的“磁荷世界”中修改了麦克斯韦方程组和洛伦兹力公式.由磁的库仑定律出发,并根据磁荷与电荷产生的电磁场的等效性,得到真空中静磁场的高斯定理和环路定理.仿照“电荷世界”中的电流定义了磁流强度,又根据磁场的相对论变换,由毕奥—萨伐尔定律和法拉第电磁感应定律得到稳恒电场D的高斯定理和环路定理.     

对"均匀磁场中转动的导体上电荷的分布"一文的商榷

<大学物理>1999年第1期中的一篇文章"均匀磁场中转动的导体上电荷的分布"给出了在均匀磁场中转动的轴对称导体产生的磁场的精确解和略去附加磁场后导体球上的电荷分布. 求解电荷分布的方法是巧妙的,在求解磁场分布之前曾用反证法证明了导体内电场的等势面是与导体共轴的柱面这样一个命题,并依此命题为基础求出了导体内磁场的精确解,因此该命题是否成立关系到所求的磁场精确解是否正确的问题.证明时原文使用了"设为a (见图1),则在x轴的球内一段上会有一些点的电势相等"这样一个关键判断,本文认为此判断令读者费解.     

二平行载流圆柱上的电荷分布

本文计算出载有等值反向稳恒电流的二长直平行圆柱体内外的稳恒电场、导体圆柱面上的电荷密度以及二导体柱之间的电场力。     

《电磁学》自学辅导材料(三)

第四章研究稳恒磁场,主要讨论两个问题.第一是建立对稳恒磁场的描述,阐明它的规律和性质.第二是磁场对处于其中的载流导线和运动电荷施加作用力的问题.虽然稳恒磁场与静电场是不同性质的场,它们有不同规律,但它们都是矢量场,在不少问题上有一定的类似之处.因此在这部分的学习中,采用对比的方法,可以收到较好的效果. 一、稳恒磁场的性质及计算 稳恒电流产生的磁场称为稳恒磁场。载流导线间的相互作用、运动电荷与电流之间的相互作用都是通过磁场实现的.磁场与静电场一样,都与电荷相联系,但静电场是与静止电荷相联系,而稳恒磁场则是与连续匀速…     

人们对“单极感应”的认识

一、引言 古典形式的“单极感应”是指一沿对称轴方向磁化的金属导体磁体绕其对称轴旋转(图1),而在通过金属电刷A、B连接的外电路与导体磁体构成的回路中产生稳恒电流的一种电现象.所用对称形磁体可以是圆柱形、圆盘形,也可以是圆锥形或其它轴对称形的金属导体.通常也称这些形状的金属导体(非磁化)在均匀磁场中绕其对称轴(对称轴沿外磁场方向放置)转动、而在回路中产生稳恒电流的现象为“单极感应”.之所以称为“单极”是由于只有永久磁体两极中的一极与外电路(见图1)相接的缘故.Web的这一命名虽然欠妥,但是由于历史及习惯的原因,一直沿用…     

均匀磁场中旋转的轴对称导体上的电荷分布析

分析了均匀磁场中旋转的轴对称导体上的电荷分布，指出这里不存在普遍的面电荷密度公式。     

耗散系统中原子和场的熵交换与纠缠

研究耗散腔中,二能级原子与单模辐射场在相互作用过程中熵关联的情况。结果表明：原子与场之间存在熵交换现象,更重要的是证明了它们之间的熵交换需要满足一定的条件。同时也计算了原子与场之间的纠缠,发现两子系统间熵交换与纠缠的关系。     

耗散系统中原子和场的熵交换与纠缠

研究耗散腔中, 二能级原子与单模辐射场在相互作用过程中熵关联的情况. 结果表明：原子与场之间存在熵交换现象, 更重要的是证明了它们之间的熵交换需要满足一定的条件. 同时也计算了原子与场之间的纠缠, 发现两子系统间熵交换与纠缠的关系.     

强场X射线激光物理

相干X光,特别是X射线自由电子激光技术的发展提供了一种新的产生超强光场的途径.由于其较高的光子能量、高峰值功率密度与超短的脉冲长度,有望将强场激光物理从可见光波段推进到X光波段.目前,基于X射线的非线性原子分子物理已取得了初步进展,随着X射线光强的提升,相互作用将进入相对论物理、强场量子电动力学(quantum electrodynamics,QED)物理等领域,为激光驱动加速与辐射、QED真空、暗物质的产生与探测等带来新的科学发现机会.本文对强场X射线激光在固体中的尾场加速、真空极化、轴子的产生与探测等方面进行介绍,旨在阐明X射线波段强场物理在若干基础前沿与关键应用方面的独特优势,并对未来的发展方向进行展望.     

Wind field deduced from marine SAR images

Summary A recently improved model capable of extracting the wind field from SAR imagery without the aid of ?sea truth? is applied to ERS-1 SAR data for the Mediterranean Sea. The model is based on the properties of the relationship between the first two moments of the probabilistic distribution function of SAR signals as well as on spectral analysis of the SAR signal itself.     

Apertureless near field optical microscopy: a contribution to the understanding of the signal detected in the presence of a background field

Apertureless scanning near field optical microscopy techniques have become a common way of studying surface samples. By using a nano-probe that scatters the electromagnetic non-propagative waves emerging from a given sample, this microscopy provides optical images with a resolution beyond the diffraction limit. Despite a great diversity of works covering a wide variety of physical domains, the formation of the images obtained is not yet fully understood. The purpose of this letter is to assess the influence of the tip position and imposed oscillation of the tip in apertureless SNOM when a background field is added to the scattered near field. We propose a simple analytical model which enables us to account for the experimental results and explains how, depending on the experimental conditions, the near field signal can totally disappear or, on the contrary, be greatly enhanced.     

The hydrogen molecule in an arbitrarily oriented magnetic field

Summary The modifications induced by a magnetic field of arbitrary direction and intermediate strength (i.e not larger than 2.35·10⁵ tesla, the ?atomic tesla?) on the lowest singlet and triplet energy states of the hydrogen molecule are studied. Using a linear combination of products of field-modified atomic orbitals, it is found that increasing the field strength the depth of the singlet energy well increases and the equilibrium internuclear distance decreases, yielding more rigid and localized nuclear vibrations. For sufficiently strong fields perpendicular to the internuclear axis, the triplet state exhibits a bonding behaviour. An explanation of the above results is given in terms of the field-modified electronic-charge distributions in the internuclear region. Based on the thesis submitted by S. Basile to the University of Palermo for graduation in Physics.     

Modeling spatio-temporal field evolution

Prediction of spatio-temporal field evolution is based on the extraction of a physical law from joint experimental data. This extraction is usually described by a set of differential equations. If the only source of information is a field record, a method of field generators based on nonparametric modeling by conditional average can successfully replace differential equations. In this article we apply the method of field generators to a two-dimensional chaotic field record that describes the asynchronous motion of high-amplitude striations. We show how to choose the model structure in order to optimize the quality of the prediction process.     

Onset of chaotic field line trajectories in tokamaks

Summary The onset of chaotic field line trajectories on tokamak plasmas perturbed by external resonant helical currents has been investigated. The spatial distribution of field lines is obtained integrating numerically the differential equations for the perturbed field lines and investigating the Poincaré maps characteristic of these fields. Several algorithms have been computed to identify the transition to large-scale stochasticity for this quasi-integrable dynamical system, which, for a given m.h.d. equilibrium, is determined by the enhancement of the coupling between the helical perturbation and the toroidicity, as the helical current increases. The authors of this paper have agreed to not receive the proofs for correction. Work partially supported by CNPq and FINEP.     

Magnetic field tomography

Neutral atoms may be trapped via the interaction of their magnetic dipole moment with magnetic field gradients. One of the possible schemes is the cloverleaf trap. It is often desirable to have at hand a fast and precise technique for measuring the magnetic field distribution. We use for instantaneous imaging the equipotential lines of the magnetic field a diagnostic tool which is based on spatially resolved observation of the fluorescence emitted by a hot beam of sodium atoms crossing a thin slice of resonant laser light within the magnetic field region to be investigated. The inhomogeneous magnetic field spatially modulates the resonance condition between the Zeeman-shifted hyperfine sublevels and the laser light and therefore the amount of scattered photons. We apply this technique for mapping the field of our cloverleaf trap in three dimensions under various conditions. Received 20 March 2001 and Received in final form 12 May 2001