On missing boundary conditions with unsteady incompressible Navier–Stokes flows

We investigate an unsteady viscous flow problem where ‘good’ boundary conditions are available on part of the boundary only. This problem appears when the flow phenomena one is interested in are concentrated on part of the flow region and, for reasons of computational economy, are numerically computed in this subregion only. Assuming that outside of the subregion the flow is not subjected to any acceleration forces, we develop an (abstract) combined finite-element/boundary element scheme to compute the flow approximately. This scheme leads to a proof of the existence of a weak solution of the corresponding Navier–Stokes problem as well.     

求解对流扩散方程的一致四阶紧致格式

目前,许多高精度差分格式,由于未成功地构造与其精度匹配的稳定的边界格式,不得不采用低精度的边界格式.本文针对对流扩散方程证明了存在一致四阶紧致格式,它的边界点的计算格式和内点的计算格式的截断误差主项保持一致,给出了具体内点和边界格式;并分析了此半离散格式的渐近稳定性.数值结果表明该格式是四阶精度;在对流占优情况下,本文边界格式的数值结果比四阶精度的显式差分格式的的数值结果的数值振荡小,取得了不错的效果,理论结果得到了数值验证;驱动方腔数值结果显示,本文对N-S方程的离散格式具有很好的可靠性,适合对复杂流体流动的数值模拟和研究.     

An immersed-boundary method for compressible viscous flows and its application in the gas-kinetic BGK scheme

An immersed-boundary (IB) method is proposed and applied in the gas-kinetic BGK scheme to simulate incompressible and compressible viscous flows with complex stationary and moving boundaries on stationary Cartesian grids. In this method the ghost-cell technique is used to satisfy the boundary condition on the immersed boundary. A novel idea, “local boundary determination”, is put forward to identify the ghost cells, each of which may have several different ghost-cell constructions corresponding to different boundary segments. Thus, the singular behavior of the ghost cell is eliminated. Furthermore, the so-called “fresh-cell” problem that occurs when implementing the IB method in a moving-boundary simulation is resolved by a simple temporal extrapolation. The method is first applied in the gas-kinetic BGK scheme to simulate the Taylor–Couette flow, wherein the second-order spatial accuracy of the method is validated and the “super-convergence” of the BGK scheme is observed. After that the flow between a circular cylinder and a square cylinder is used as a test case to showcase the advantage of this method in resolving the singularity problem. Then the supersonic flow around a stationary cylinder, the incompressible flow around an oscillating cylinder and the compressible flow around a moving airfoil are simulated to verify that this method can be used to simulate compressible flows and handle moving boundaries. These numerical tests demonstrate the good performance of the proposed immersed-boundary method for the study of incompressible/compressible flow problems with complex stationary/moving boundaries.     

Use of active control for elimination of flow separation with estimation of energy costs

Problems were posed and solved concerning the aerodynamic computation of the flow past an airfoil with an active boundary layer control device used to prevent flow separation. A moving wall, suction, or tangential blowing in the boundary layer was used as a flow control device. The turbulent boundary layer was computed by directly solving the boundary layer equations using an implicit difference scheme with adaptive grid generation and the determination of the computational domain size. A software code was developed, and numerical simulations were performed taking into account the energy costs related to the flow control device. The numerical results showed that the active flow control devices can be used to prevent flow separation.     

On the modeling and simulation of boundary flow through partially open pipe ends

The determination of boundary conditions for the Euler equations of gas dynamics in a pipe with partially open pipe ends is considered. The boundary problem is formulated in terms of the exact solution of the Riemann problem and of the St. Venant equation for quasi-steady flow so that a pressure-driven calculation of boundary conditions is defined. The resulting set of equations is solved by a Newton scheme. The proposed algorithm is able to solve for all inflow and outflow situations including choked and supersonic flow.Received: August 7, 2002; revised: November 11, 2002     

A non-iterative immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method with boundary condition enforced for fluid–solid flows

A non-iterative immersed boundary lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM) is proposed in this work for the simulation of fluid–solid flows. In the scheme, the interface is implemented by the correction of the neighboring distribution functions, similar to that of the LBM. Such treatment of the boundary is contrary to the traditional methods, where the interface is usually modeled as a generator of external force. Therefore, an advantage of the present method is to remove the efforts to evaluate the IB force and then incorporate it into the governing equation. Furthermore, an adjustment parameter is introduced to the immersed boundary scheme, which ensures the interpolated distribution functions derive the desired velocity at the boundary. Compared with the solution of a large boundary matrix and the multiple force correction that generally used in the previous studies, the present method is simpler and efficient without any iterative procedures. Those above-mentioned features make the present scheme based on the correction of the distribution function, with the enforcement of no-slip boundary condition. Simulation of flow past a fixed cylinder shows that there is no penetration of streamlines to the cylinder surface, indicating a well enforcement of the no-slip boundary condition. This scheme is further validated in the flows of a cylinder oscillating in a quiescent fluid, circular and elliptical particles settling in a channel. The results have good agreement with those data available in the literature.     

An advanced study on the solution of nanofluid flow problems via Adomian’s method

Nanofluid flow is one of the most important areas of research at the present time due to its wide and significant applications in industry and several scientific fields. The boundary layer flow of nanofluids is usually described by a system of nonlinear differential equations with boundary conditions at infinity. These boundary conditions at infinity cause difficulties for any of the series method, such as Adomian’s method, the variational iteration method and others.The objective of the present work is to introduce a reliable method to overcome such difficulties that arise due to an infinite domain. The proposed scheme, that we will introduce, is based on Adomian’s decomposition method, where we will solve a system of nonlinear differential equations describing the boundary layer flow of a nanofluid past a stretching sheet.     

GLOBAL SOLUTIONS TO THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS FOR COMPRESSIBLE HEAT-CONDUCTING FLOW WITH SYMMETRY AND FREE BOUNDARY

ABSTRACT

Global solutions of the multidimensional Navier-Stokes equations for compressible heat-conducting flow are constructed, with spherically symmetric initial data of large oscillation between a static solid core and a free boundary connected to a surrounding vacuum state. The free boundary connects the compressible heat-conducting fluids to the vacuum state with free normal stress and zero normal heat flux. The fluids are initially assumed to fill with a finite volume and zero density at the free boundary, and with bounded positive density and temperature between the solid core and the initial position of the free boundary. One of the main features of this problem is the singularity of solutions near the free boundary. Our approach is to combine an effective difference scheme to construct approximate solutions with the energy methods and the pointwise estimate techniques to deal with the singularity of solutions near the free boundary and to obtain the bounded estimates of the solutions and the free boundary as time evolves. The convergence of the difference scheme is established. It is also proved that no vacuum develops between the solid core and the free boundary, and the free boundary expands with finite speed.     

The coupling of bem and fem for the two-dimensional viscous flow problem

In this paper we propose a numerical scheme for treating the problem of sJow viscous flow past an obstacle in the plane. This scheme is a combination of boundary element and finite element methods. By introducing an auxiliary boundary curve, we divide the region under consideration into two subregions, an inner and an outer region. In the inner region, we employ a finite element method (FEM) for solving a system of simplified field equations with proper natural boundary conditions. In the outer region, the solution is expressed in the form of a simple-layer potential with density function satisfying a system of modified integral equations of the first kind. The latter are solved by a boundary element method (BEM). Both solutions are matched on the common auxiliary boundary curve. Error estimates in suitable function spaces are derived in terms of the mesh widths as well as the small parameters, the Reynolds numbers     

Convergence of the Point Vortex Methods for Euler Equation on Half Plane

1.IntroductionThevortexmethodsareefficientnumericalmethodofsimulatingincompressibleflowathighReynold'snumber-TheconvergenceofthevortexmethodsfortheinitialvalueproblemsofEulerequationwasfirstobtainedbyHald[41,thentheresultswereimprovedbyseveralauthors[1'2'3'5].Butinfact,manypracticalproblemsareconsideredinaboundeddomainoranexteriordomain,andthenumericalboundaryconditionhasanimportanteffectonnumericalresult.Theparticletrajectoriesofexactsolutionwillnotgooutfromthedomain,butitisnotthecaseinprat…     

Computation of forces acting on bodies in plane and axisymmetric cavitation flow problems

Plane and axisymmetric cavitation flow problems are considered using Riabouchinsky’s scheme. The incoming flow is assumed to be irrotational and steady, and the fluid is assumed to be inviscid and incompressible. The flow problems are solved by applying the boundary element method with quadrature formulas without saturation. The free boundary is determined using a gradient descent technique based on Riabouchinsky’s principle. The drag force acting on the cavitator is expressed in terms of the Riabouchinsky functional. As a result, for small cavitation numbers, the force is calculated with a fairly high accuracy. Dependences of the drag coefficient are investigated for variously shaped cavitators: a wedge, a cone, a circular arc, and a spherical segment.     

ON THE ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOUR OF THE STEADY SUPERSONIC FLOWS AT INFINITY

This paper studies the asymptotic behaviour of steady supersonic flow past a piece-wise smooth corner or bend. Under the hypothese that both vertex angle and the total variation of tangent along the boundary are small, it is shown that the solution can be obtained by a modified Glimm scheme, and that the asymptotic behaviour of the solution is determined by the velocity of incoming flow and the limit of the tangent of the boundary at infinity.     

Application of numerical schemes with singling out the boundary layer for the computation of turbulent flows using eddy-resolving approaches on unstructured grids

The use of eddy-resolving approaches to solving problems on arbitrary unstructured grids is investigated. The applications of such approaches requires the use of low dissipation numerical schemes, which can lead to numerical oscillations of the solution on unstructured grids. Numerical oscillations typically occur in domains with large gradients of velocities, in particular, in the near-wall layer. It is proposed to single out the boundary layer and use a numerical scheme with increased numerical dissipation in it. The algorithm for singling out the boundary layer uses a switching function to change the parameters of the numerical scheme. This algorithm is formulated based on the BCD scheme from the family NVD. Its validity and advantages are investigated using the zonal RANS–LES approach for solving some problems of turbulent flow of incompressible fluids.     

Vortex breakdown in turbulent pipe flows

In many technical applications turbulent flows with embedded slender vortices exist. Depending on the boundary conditions vortex breakdown can occur. The purpose of this work is to develop and implement a solution scheme for large‐eddy simulations of vortex breakdown in turbulent pipe flows. One of the main problems in this simulation is the formulation of the inflow boundary condition for a fully developed turbulent flow with an embedded vortex. For that purpose a rescaling technique is developed in which a solution at a downstream location is inserted at the inflow boundary after an appropriate rescaling. To determine rescaling laws for pipe flows with an embedded vortex, analytical velocity profiles of swirling flows are first prescribed in a laminar flow. From the spatial development of the vortex a scaling law is deduced. In a next step this procedure is to be transferred to turbulent flows.     

Transonic nozzle flows and free boundary problems for the full Euler equations

We establish the existence and uniqueness of transonic flows with a transonic shock through a two-dimensional nozzle of slowly varying cross-sections. The transonic flow is governed by the steady, full Euler equations. Given an incoming smooth flow that is close to a constant supersonic state (i.e., smooth Cauchy data) at the entrance and the subsonic condition with nearly horizontal velocity at the exit of the nozzle, we prove that there exists a transonic flow whose downstream smooth subsonic region is separated by a smooth transonic shock from the upstream supersonic flow. This problem is approached by a one-phase free boundary problem in which the transonic shock is formulated as a free boundary. The full Euler equations are decomposed into an elliptic equation and a system of transport equations for the free boundary problem. An iteration scheme is developed and its fixed point is shown to exist, which is a solution of the free boundary problem, by combining some delicate estimates for the elliptic equation and the system of transport equations with the Schauder fixed point argument. The uniqueness of transonic nozzle flows is also established by employing the coordinate transformation of Euler-Lagrange type and detailed estimates of the solutions.     

Lattice Boltzmann simulation for high-speed compressible viscous flows with a boundary layer

In this study, the lattice Boltzmann method is employed for simulating high-speed compressible viscous flows with a boundary layer. The coupled double-distribution-function lattice Boltzmann method proposed by Li et al. (2007) is employed because of its good numerical stability and non-free-parameter feature. The non-uniform mesh construction near the wall boundary in fine grids is combined with an appropriate wall boundary treatment for the finite difference method in order to obtain accurate spatial resolution in the boundary layer problem. Three typical problems in high-speed viscous flows are solved in the lattice Boltzmann simulation, i.e., the compressible boundary layer problem, shock wave problem, and shock boundary layer interaction problem. In addition, in-depth comparisons are made with the non-oscillatory and non-free-parameter dissipation (NND) scheme and second order upwind scheme in the present lattice Boltzmann model. Our simulation results indicate the great potential of the lattice Boltzmann method for simulating high-speed compressible viscous flows with a boundary layer. Further research is needed (e.g., better numerical models and appropriate finite difference schemes) because the lattice Boltzmann method is still immature for high-speed compressible viscous flow applications.     

A numerical method for mass conservative coupling between fluid flow and solute transport

We present a new coupled discretization approach for species transport in an incompressible fluid. The Navier-Stokes equations for the flow are discretized by the divergence-free Scott-Vogelius element on barycentrically refined meshes guaranteeing LBB stability. The convection-diffusion equation for species transport is discretized by the Voronoi finite volume method. In accordance to the continuous setting, due to the exact integration of the normal component of the flow through the Voronoi surfaces, the species concentration fulfills discrete global and local maximum principles. Besides of the numerical scheme itself, we present important aspects of its implementation. Further, for the case of homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions, we give a convergence proof for the coupled scheme. We report results of the application of the scheme to the interpretation of limiting current measurements in an electrochemical flow cell with cylindrical shape.     

一维气液两相漂移模型的AUSMV算法研究

将AUSMV(advection upstream splitting method V)格式从计算气体动力学问题扩展至一维等温瞬态气液两相管流.阐述了采用AUSMV格式构建气液两相漂移模型数值通量的方法及边界单元的处理方法.采用Runge Kutta方法与经典的保单调MUSCL(monotone upstream centred schemes for conservation laws)方法结合Van Leer限制器,构建具有二阶时间和空间精度的数值计算方法.计算经典Zuber-Findlay激波管问题和复杂漂移关系变质量流动问题并与可靠的参考结果进行了对比.分析表明:AUSMV格式应用于气液两相流动漂移模型时计算效率高、精度高、耗散效应和色散效应小,低流速条件下能够精确地描述间断.     

浅水方程近岸行为的数值模拟

二维浅水流动几乎仅在水平方向上,这一特点容许在数学形式上对ＮＳ方程进行简化：通过描述水流运动的平均行为而使得问题降低一维［１０］,从而在数值上表现为大大减少计算量,这一相对简单性正是浅水方程之所以吸引如此多的计算数学家和流体力学家关注的原因之一．通过降维而减少计算量的思想在深水方程中表现为通过边界积分法而捕捉气液交界面的行为［１］． 浅水方程的数值模拟在计算机出现的早期就开始得到应用．在本世纪四十年代后期,Ｃｈａｒｎｅｙ等人就利用它做了大气的数值模拟［２］,Ｈａｎｓｅｎ数值模拟了海洋流动［５］．…