静电纺丝法制备Y2O3纳米纤维与表征

采用静电纺丝法制备了PVA/Y(NO3)3复合纳米纤维,在适当的温度下进行热处理,得到Y2O3纳米纤维. 利用XRD,SEM,TG-DTA,FTIR等现代分析手段对样品进行了表征. XRD分析表明,PVA/Y(NO3)3复合纤维为无定型,焙烧温度在600 ℃以上得到晶态单相的Y2O3纳米纤维,属于立方晶系,空间群为Ia3. SEM分析表明,PVA/Y(NO3)3复合纤维表面光滑,平均直径为110 nm. 焙烧温度对Y2O3纳米纤维的形成有重要影响. 600 ℃焙烧得到的Y2O3纳米纤维的平均直径约50 nm,900 ℃焙烧得到的Y2O3纳米纤维由纳米颗粒堆积而成,部分已断裂. TG-DTA和FTIR分析表明,PVA,Y(NO3)3以及水分在600 ℃以上时完全分解挥发,最终样品为晶态单相的Y2O3纳米纤维.     

静电纺丝技术制备Y_2O_3∶Yb~(3+),Er~(3+)上转换纳米纤维及其表征

采用静电纺丝技术制备了PVA/[Y(NO3)3+Yb(NO3)3+Er(NO3)3]复合纳米纤维,将其在适当的温度下进行热处理,得到Y2O3∶Yb3+,Er3+上转换纳米纤维.XRD分析表明,复合纳米纤维为无定形,Y2O3∶Yb3+,Er3+上转换纳米纤维属于体心立方晶系,空间群为Ia3.SEM分析表明,复合纳米纤维的平均直径约为150nm;随着焙烧温度的升高,纤维直径逐渐减小.经过600℃焙烧后,获得了直径约60nm的Y2O3∶Yb3+,Er3+上转换纳米纤维.TG-DTA分析表明,当焙烧温度高于600℃时,复合纳米纤维中水分、有机物和硝酸盐分解挥发完毕,样品不再失重,总失重率为83%.FTIR分析表明,复合纳米纤维与纯PVA的红外光谱一致,当焙烧温度高于600℃时,生成了Y2O3∶Yb3+,Er3+上转换纳米纤维.该纤维在980nm的半导体激光器激发下发射出中心波长为521,562nm的绿色和656nm的红色上转换荧光,分别对应于Er3+离子的2H11/2/4S3/2→4Il5/2跃迁和4F9/2→4Il5/2跃迁.对Y2O3∶Yb3+,Er3+上转换纳米纤维的形成机理进行了讨论.     

静电纺丝法制备LaFeO3微纳米纤维

采用静电纺丝技术并结合溶胶-凝胶方法制备了LaFeO3微纳米纤维. 用差热-热重分析(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱和场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)对样品进行了表征. 实验结果表明, 390 ℃时钙钛矿结构的LaFeO3晶体开始形成, 同时伴有少量微弱的La2O2CO3和Fe2O3杂相存在, 600 ℃煅烧获得正交钙钛矿结构的LaFeO3微纳米纤维, 其纤维直径分布在300~600 nm之间, 其平均直径约为420 nm, 平均晶粒尺寸为28 nm.     

Ni-Fe/La2O2CO3催化乙醇水蒸气重整制氢的研究

采用La2(CO3)3空气焙烧法制备了La2O2CO3载体、采用浸渍法制备了Ni,Fe不同比例的Ni-Fe双金属催化剂及Ni/La2O2CO3,Fe/La2 O2 CO3催化剂,考察了各催化剂从300～700℃催化乙醇水蒸气重整反应的性能,并用BET,XRD,TPR等技术对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,相对单一金属催化剂,Ni-Fe双金属催化剂均表现出更高的活性,这可能是因为高分散的Ni,Fe和LaFeyNi1-yO3的共存作用。其中Ni含量为10%,Fe含量为5%时的Ni-Fe/La2O2CO3表现出最高的活性,400℃时乙醇的转化率为100%,H2的选择性最高达到94.1%,而CO的选择性则低至1.2%。     

TiO2/LaFeO3微纳米纤维的可控制备及光催化性能简

利用静电纺丝技术及水热合成法制备了TiO2/LaFeO3异质结构. 采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM),X射线衍射(XRD),傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)等手段对TiO2/LaFeO3微纳米纤维的结构和表面形态进行表征. 通过亚甲基蓝(MB)光降解反应研究了其光催化性能. 结果表明,不完全碳化TiO2纤维表面的缺陷位点是LaFeO3纳米粒子的有利生长点. TiO2/LaFeO3异质结材料的带隙明显窄于TiO2,光催化活性得到提高;经140 min紫外光照射后,TiO2/LaFeO3异质结催化剂对MB的降解率为65.34%,分析和探讨了其光催化机理.     

静电纺丝法制备V2O5微纳米棒及光催化性能

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和偏钒酸铵(NH4VO3)为原料,利用静电纺丝技术结合溶胶过程制备PVP/NH4VO3纤维,对纤维缓慢控温处理制备V2O5微纳米棒。采用热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)技术手段对V2O5微纳米棒的结构和表面形态进行表征。以亚甲基蓝(MB)的光降解为模型反应,研究V2O5微纳米棒的光催化性能。结果表明:热处理温度对催化剂表面形态和晶相的生长有明显影响,550℃煅烧的V2O5微纳米棒在可见光区对MB的光降解效率最高,并分析和探讨了可能的光催化机理。     

一维纳米结构MnO2的微波合成及其电化学性能

以在水热条件下合成的纳米结构γ-MnOOH为前驱物, 以K2S2O8为氧化剂, 采用单模式微波加热法制备出一维纳米结构MnO2. 采用XRD和TEM等手段对样品进行了表征. 以在100 ℃下水热合成的γ-MnOOH纳米纤维为前驱物时, 制得α-MnO2纳米纤维; 以在150 ℃下水热合成的γ-MnOOH纳米棒为前驱物时, 制得β-MnO2纳米棒. 分别用α-MnO2纳米纤维和β-MnO2纳米棒作为Li/MnO2电池的正极材料进行恒电流放电实验, 研究结果显示, α-MnO2纳米纤维的放电容量为270.23 mA·h/g, β-MnO2纳米棒的放电容量为186.66 mA·h/g.     

静电纺丝技术制备Y2O3:Eu3+纳米带及其发光性质

采用静电纺丝技术制备了PVP/[Y(NO3)3+Eu(NO3)3]复合纳米带,将其进行热处理,获得了Y2O3:Eu3+纳米带.采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、TEM、荧光光谱等技术对焙烧后的样品进行了表征.结果表明:600℃焙烧即可获得Y2O3:Eu3+纳米带,800 ℃时结晶更为良好,产物属于立方晶系.纳米带表面光滑,由平均直径为30 nm的小颗粒紧密排列而成,为多品结构.随着温度升高,纳米带宽度减小.焙烧800 ℃获得的Y2O3:Eu3+纳米带的发光性质优于焙烧600℃的Y2O3:Eu3+纳米带.与体材料相比,该纳米带的激发光谱Eu3+-O2-电荷迁移态(CTB)发生红移,发射光谱发生蓝移.     

WS2纳米棒的合成及其摩擦学性能

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作为表面活性剂,利用水热合成法在180℃条件下成功制备出WS2纳米棒。用XRD、SEM、TEM和HRTEM对WS2纳米棒的结构进行表征和分析,并提出了可能的生长机理。将WS2作为润滑油添加剂加到基础油中,用CETR UMT-2摩擦磨损仪测试其摩擦学性能。结果表明:WS2纳米棒作为润滑油添加剂表现出良好的摩擦性能。     

一维Bi_2Fe_4O_9纳米棒阵列的无模板水热合成

以物质的量的比为1∶1的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和Fe(NO3)3·9H2O为反应原料,以NaOH为矿化剂,利用水热法在Ti基板上成功制备出一维Bi2Fe4O9纳米棒阵列。对该纳米棒阵列分别进行XRD、FE-SEM、HR-TEM和UV-Vis测试,得到Bi2Fe4O9纳米棒的直径为100 nm,长度为3~4μm,并表现出良好的光吸收性能,禁带宽度约为1.9 eV,对甲基紫溶液的光降解率达到86%,其活性明显高于市售P25(TiO2)。该纳米棒阵列的生长方式完全遵循奥斯瓦尔德熟化(Ostwald ripening)单晶生长机理。     

Sc2MgGa2 and Y2MgGa2

Scandium magnesium gallide, Sc₂MgGa₂, and yttrium magnesium gallide, Y₂MgGa₂, were synthesized from the corresponding elements by heating under an argon atmosphere in an induction furnace. These intermetallic compounds crystallize in the tetragonal Mo₂FeB₂‐type structure. All three crystallographically unique atoms occupy special positions and the site symmetries of (Sc/Y, Ga) and Mg are m2m and 4/m, respectively. The coordinations around Sc/Y, Mg and Ga are pentagonal (Sc/Y), tetragonal (Mg) and triangular (Ga) prisms, with four (Mg) or three (Ga) additional capping atoms leading to the coordination numbers [10], [8+4] and [6+3], respectively. The crystal structure of Sc₂MgGa₂ was determined from single‐crystal diffraction intensities and the isostructural Y₂MgGa₂ was identified from powder diffraction data.     

Electrochemical study of (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2 and (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2FeCl2

Summary The ability of [MoS₄]^2–, anions to be used as ligands for transition metal ions has been widely demonstrated, especially with Fe²⁺. The present study has been restricted to linear complexes such as (NEt₄)₂ [Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂] and (NEt₄)₂[Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂FeCl₂]. Their electrochemical properties are described: upon electrochemical reduction, these compounds yield MoS₂, as a black precipitate, and an iron complex in solution, assumed to be [SFeCl₂]^2–. The electrochemical reduction goes through two electron transfers, coupled with the breakdown of the molecular skeleton: a DISPl and an ECE mechanism. Depending on the solvent, the following equilibrium may be observed: [Cl₄Fe₂MoS₄]^2–[Cl₂FeMoS₄]^2–+FeCl₂. The equilibrium constant, K_D, was evaluated by differential pulse polarography. K_D is tightly related to the donor number of the solvent.     

The alkali hypophosphites KH2PO2, RbH2PO2 and CsH2PO2

The structures of the hypophosphites KH₂PO₂ (potassium hypophosphite), RbH₂PO₂ (rubidium hypophosphite) and CsH₂PO₂ (caesium hypophosphite) have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures consist of layers of alkali cations and hypophosphite anions, with the latter bridging four cations within the same layer. The Rb and Cs hypophosphites are isomorphous.     

Zur Kenntnis der Dialkalimetalldichalkogenide β-Na2S2, K2S2, α-Rb2S2, β-Rb2S2, K2Se2, Rb2Se2, α-K2Te2, β-K2Te2 und Rb2Te2

On Dialkali Metal Dichalcogenides β-Na₂S₂, K₂S₂, α-Rb₂S₂, β-Rb₂S₂, K₂Se₂, Rb₂Se₂, α-K₂Te₂, β-K₂Te₂ and Rb₂Te₂ The first presentation of pure samples of α- and β-Rb₂S₂, α- and β-K₂Te₂, and Rb₂Te₂ is described. Using single crystals of K₂S₂ and K₂Se₂, received by ammonothermal synthesis, the structure of the Na₂O₂ type and by using single crystals of β-Na₂S₂ and β-K₂Te₂ the Li₂O₂ type structure will be refined. By combined investigations with temperature-dependent Guinier-, neutron diffraction-, thermal analysis, and Raman-spectroscopy the nature of the monotropic phase transition from the Na₂O₂ type to the Li₂O₂ type will be explained by means of the examples α-/β-Na₂S₂ and α-/β-K₂Te₂. A further case of dimorphic condition as well as the monotropic phase transition of α- and β-Rb₂S₂ is presented. The existing areas of the structure fields of the dialkali metal dichalcogenides are limited by the model of the polar covalence.     

Formal [(2+2)+2] and [(2+2)+(2+2)] nonconjugated dienediyne cascade cycloadditions

[reaction: see text] Fluoranthene 2 and heptacycle 3 are easily accessible from the reaction of diyne 1 and norbornadiene (NBD) in the presence of the rhodium catalyst. The unusual [(2+2)+(2+2)] adduct 3 was confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure analysis.     

Crystal Structures of [Bu2Sn(O2PPh2)2], [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2], and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2. Raman Spectra of [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2] and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2

[(n‐Bu)₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 1 ), and [Ph₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 2 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of R₂SnCl₂ (R=n‐Bu, Ph) with HO₂PPh₂ in Methanol. From the reaction of Ph₂SnCl₂ with diphenylphosphinic acid a third product [PhClSn(O₂PPh₂)OMe]₂ ( 3 ) could be isolated. X‐ray diffraction studies show 1 to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 1303.7(1) pm, b = 2286.9(2) pm, c = 1063.1(1) pm, β = 94.383(6)°, and Z = 4. 2 crystallizes triclinic in the space group , the cell parameters being a = 1293.2(2) pm, b = 1478.5(4) pm, c = 1507.2(3) pm, α = 98.86(3)°, β = 109.63(2)°, γ = 114.88(2)°, and Z = 2. Both compounds form arrays of eight‐membered rings (SnOPO)₂ linked at the tin atoms to form chains of infinite length. The dimer 3 consists of a like ring, in which the tin atoms are bridged by methoxo groups. It crystallizes triclinic in space group with a = 946.4(1) pm, b = 963.7(1) pm, c = 1174.2(1) pm, α = 82.495(6)°, β = 66.451(6)°, γ = 74.922(6)°, and Z = 1 for the dimer. The Raman spectra of 2 and 3 are given and discussed.     

Die Photoionenspektren von SCl2, S2Cl2 und S2Br2

Photoionization Mass Spectra of SCl₂, S₂Cl₂, and S₂Br₂ Photoionization mass spectra of SCl₂, S₂Cl₂, and S₂Br₂ have been measured. Heats of formation, bond energies, and ionization potentials of fragments have been calculated from appearance potentials.