Gd掺杂对La0.67 Sr0.33 CoO3、La0.67 Sr0.33 MnO3体系磁行为的影响

M~T curves and M~H curves of the systems La0.67Sr0.33CoO3, La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (x=0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.67) were studied by experiments. Experimental results show that the magnetic structure of La0.67-xGdxSr0.33CoO3 system exhibits the cluster glass state with doping Gd increasing. The M~T curves of samples x>0.10 exhibit a peculiar phenomenon that M value rises sharply at low temperature range. The magnetic structure of La0.67-xGdxSr0.33MnO3 system changes from the long rang ferromagnetic order to the cluster glass state, and anti ferromagnetic state. The M~T curves of samples x≥0.50 decline sharply at low temperature range. The different phenomena shown by the two systems come from different coupling function between Gd and Co, Mn and from spin state transition of Co.     

碱 性 载 体 对 负 载 型ＣｏＯ 催 化 剂 催 化 性 能 的 影 响

采用XRD、TPR、TPD、XPS和催化活性评价等技术,考察了负载型CoO催化剂的表面性质和其对CH4与CO2重整制合成气反应的催化性能.实验结果表明,碱性载体或助剂MgO和La2O3的添加能有效地改善CoO催化剂的表面结构、抗积炭能力和还原性能,CoO/MgO催化剂显示出最佳的催化反应稳定性,在750℃、GHSV=2500h-1、CH4/CO2原料比为1:1下,连续反应100h内催化剂活性较为稳定,CoO/MgO和CoO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的表面性质本质上是不相同的.     

Doping strategies to optimise the oxide ion conductivity in apatite-type ionic conductors

The apatite-type phases, La(9.33+x)(Si/Ge)(6)O(26+3x/2), have recently been attracting considerable interest as potential electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells. In this paper we report results from a range of doping studies in the Si based systems, aimed at determining the key features required for the optimisation of the conductivities. Systems examined have included alkaline earth doping on the rare earth site, and P, B, Ga, V doping on the Si site. By suitable doping strategies, factors such as the level of cation vacancies and oxygen excess have been investigated. The results show that the oxide ion conductivities of these apatite systems are maximised by the incorporation of either oxygen excess or cation vacancies, with the former producing the best oxide ion conductors. In terms of samples containing cation vacancies, conductivities are enhanced by doping lower valent ions, Ga, B, on the Si site. The presence of higher valent ions on these sites, e.g. P, appears to inhibit the incorporation of excess oxygen within the channels, and so limits the maximum conductivity that can be obtained. Overall the results suggest that the tetrahedral sites play a key role in the conduction properties of these materials, supporting recent modelling studies, which have suggested that these tetrahedra aid in the motion of the oxide ions down the conduction channels by co-operative displacements.     

A comparison of the effect of rare earth vs Si site doping on the conductivities of apatite-type rare earth silicates

Apatite-type lanthanum silicate (La_9.33Si₆O₂₆) has been attracting significant recent interest due to its high oxide ion conductivity. In this paper, synthesis and conductivity data for a range of doped samples (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, B, Ga and Zn) are reported, in particular, to compare the effect of rare earth vs Si site doping. The results show that Ga, B and Zn favour substitution on the Si site, while Ca, Sr and Ba favour La-site substitution. Mg is shown to be an ambi-site dopant, substituting on either site depending on the starting composition. The samples doped on the Si site show higher conductivities than comparable samples doped on the La site, providing further support for the importance of the silicate network in the conduction process, as initially predicted by atomistic modelling studies. For Ga doping on the Si site, the effect of varying the rare-earth size on the conductivities is also reported.     

掺铝Co_3O_4的制备及其电容性能研究

以KOH作沉淀剂制备掺杂Al(Ⅲ)的Co3O4粉体.X射线衍射显示,掺Al的Co3O4不改变其晶型结构.循环伏安、恒流充放电等测试表明,化学掺Al后的Co3O4电极,其比容量提高,当Co(Ⅱ)与Al(Ⅲ)的摩尔比为1∶0.05时,在0~400 mV的电位区间内,5 mA/cm2电流密度下,单电极放电比容量可达518.07 F/g.     

LaCoO3 acting as an efficient and robust catalyst for photocatalytic water oxidation with persulfate

Cobalt-containing metal oxides [perovskites (LaCoO(3), NdCoO(3), YCoO(3), La(0.7)Sr(0.3)CoO(3)), spinel (Co(3)O(4)) and wolframite (CoWO(4))] have been examined as catalysts for photocatalytic water oxidation with Na(2)S(2)O(8) and [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) as an electron acceptor and a photosensitizer, respectively. Catalysts with the perovskite structure exhibited higher catalytic activity as compared with the catalysts with the spinel and wolframite structures. LaCoO(3), which stabilizes Co(III) species in the perovskite structure, exhibited the highest catalytic activity in the photocatalytic water oxidation compared with CoWO(4), Co(3)O(4) and La(0.7)Sr(0.3)CoO(3) which contain Co(II) or Co(IV) species in the matrices. The high catalytic reactivity of LaCoO(3) possessing perovskite structure was maintained in NdCoO(3) and YCoO(3) which exclusively contain Co(III) species. Thus, the catalytic activity of Co ions can be controlled by the additional metal ions, which leads to development of highly reactive and robust catalysts for the photocatalytic water oxidation.     

Doping effects in single-layered La0.5Sr1.5MnO4 manganite

In this paper we report the results of the synthesis and structural, transport, and magnetic characterization of pure La(0.5)Sr(1.5)MnO(4) and B-site lightly doped samples, i.e. La(0.5)Sr(1.5)Mn(0.95)B(0.05)O(4), where B = Ru, Co, and Ni. The choice was made in order to probe the charge ordering/orbital ordering ground state of the monolayered La(0.5)Sr(1.5)MnO(4) manganite as a consequence of the cation doping. It is shown that even a light doping is successful in suppressing the charge and orbital order found in pure La(0.5)Sr(1.5)MnO(4). No long-range magnetic order has been detected in any of the doped samples but the setup of a spin-glass state with a common freezing temperature ( approximately 22 K). Structural parameters show an anisotropy in the lattice constant variation, with the tetragonal distortion increasing as the cell volume reduces, which may suggest a variation in the orbital character of the e(g) electrons along with the overall cation size.     

Apatite germanates doped with tungsten: synthesis, structure, and conductivity

High oxygen content apatite germanates, La(10)Ge(6-x)W(x)O(27+x), have been prepared by doping on the Ge site with W. In addition to increasing the oxygen content, this doping strategy is shown to result in stabilisation of the hexagonal lattice, and yield high conductivities. Structural studies of La(10)Ge(5.5)W(0.5)O(27.5) show that the interstitial oxygen sites are associated to a different degree with the Ge/WO(4) tetrahedra, leading to five coordinate Ge/W and significant disorder for the oxygen sites associated with these units. Raman spectroscopy studies suggest that in the case of the WO(5) units, the interstitial oxygen is more tightly bonded and therefore not as mobile as in the case of the GeO(5) units, thus not contributing significantly to the conduction process.     

La0.7Sr0.3Co1-xFexO3催化剂氮氧化物储存及抗硫性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法通过在静态空气中700°C焙烧制备了不同Fe掺杂量的La0.7Sr0.3Co1-xFexO3(x=0,0.2,0.6,1.0)系列钙钛矿催化剂.考察了Fe掺杂量对催化剂的结构、氮氧化物储存、抗硫及再生性能的影响.研究结果表明:在La0.7Sr0.3CoO3钙钛矿B位用Fe部分取代Co,可有效提高SrCO3物相的分散,X射线衍射(XRD)结果显示样品中基本为钙钛矿物相.随着Fe掺杂量的增加,催化剂的NOx储存量(NSC)下降.对预硫化样品进行NOx储存测试,发现La0.7Sr0.3CoO3催化剂由于表面沉积了硫酸盐,同时钙钛矿结构也遭到了部分破坏,使得NOx储存量和NO氧化能力均大幅度下降,NOx储存量下降了64.2%,NO-to-NO2转化率从72.8%降至43.4%.掺杂Fe元素后,催化剂的抗硫性能都有不同程度的提高,特别是Fe掺杂量为60%的样品具有最佳的抗硫性能和可再生性能.与新鲜样品相比较,再生后样品的NOx储存量仅下降16.6%,而NO-to-NO2转化率为69.1%,几乎与新鲜样品相同.     

用湿化学法制备Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3-La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.15Co0.05O3复合阴极及其性能表征

用湿化学法制备了Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3(SSC)－La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.15Co0.05O3(LSGMC5)中温固体氧化物燃料电池复合阴极材料，其中SSC用甘氨酸－硝酸盐法合成，LSGMC5用柠檬酸盐法合成。XRD结果表明，甘氨酸－硝酸盐法制备的SSC在焙烧温度大于1223K即表现为单一的钙钛矿结构。随焙烧温度的升高，SSC粉末颗粒增大,导致含有高温烧结SSC的电极与电解质界面结合变差。采用多种技术考察了利用不同温度（1173－1373K）预烧的SSC粉末制备的SSC-LSGMC5阴极上进行的氧还原反应。结果表明，SSC-LSGMC5复合电极的性能显著依赖于电极中SSC粉末的预烧温度，当SSC粉末焙烧温度在1223K附近时，具有最小的欧姆电阻以及氧还原反应极化电阻，1A· cm-2电流密度下的极化过电位为0.077 V。     

Cation self-diffusion in LaCoO(3) and La(2)CoO(4) studied by diffusion couple experiments

Reaction kinetics between dense, polycrystalline pellets of La2O3 and CoO were investigated at temperatures of 1370-1673 K and oxygen partial pressures of 40 Pa - 50 kPa. At high oxygen partial pressures, single phase LaCoO3 was formed. The growth of the LaCoO3 phase followed the parabolic rate law. The location of Pt markers demonstrated that diffusion of Co3+ cations in LaCoO3 dominated over diffusion of La3+. The diffusion coefficient of Co3+ was determined from the parabolic rate constant, and an activation energy of (250 +/- 10) kJ mol-1 was found. The diffusion coefficient of Co3+ in LaCoO3 decreased with decreasing oxygen partial pressure. At the lowest oxygen partial pressure investigated, two product phases, LaCoO3 and La2CoO4, were observed. The diffusion coefficient of Co cations in La2CoO4 was estimated. Results were discussed in relation to cation diffusion in other LnBO3 oxides (B = Cr3+, Mn3+, Fe3+). A correlation between diffusion of the B cation and the melting point was found for LnBO3 materials.     

Electronic structure of A- and B-site doped lanthanum manganites: a combined X-ray spectroscopic study

The electronic properties of a series of colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) compounds, namely LaMnO3, La(1-x)Ba(x)(MnO3 (0.2 < or = x < or = 0.55), La(0.76)Ba(0.24)Mn(0.84)Co(0.16)O3, and La(0.76)Ba(0.24)Mn(0.78)Ni(0.22)O3, have been investigated in a detailed spectroscopic study. A combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) was used to reveal a detailed picture of the electronic structure in the presence of Ba, Co, and Ni doping in different concentrations. The results are compared with available theory. The valence band of La(1-x)()Ba(x)MnO3 (0 < or = x < or = 0.55) is dominated by La 5p, Mn 3d, and O 2p states, and strong hybridization between Mn 3d and O 2p states is present over the whole range of Ba concentrations. Co-doping at the Mn site leads to an increased occupancy of the e(g) states near the Fermi energy and an increase in the XPS valence band intensity between 0.5 and 5 eV, whereas the Ni-doped sample shows a lower density of occupied states near the Fermi energy. The Ni d states are located in a band spanning the energy range of 1.5-5 eV. XAS spectra indicate that the hole doping leads to mixed Mn 3d-O 2p states. Furthermore, RIXS at the Mn L edge has been used to probe d-d transitions and charge-transfer excitations in La(1-x)Ba(x)MnO3.     

高性能镓酸镧基电解质燃料电池

制备并用多种电化学方法研究了LaGaO3基高性能中温固体氧化物燃料电池的电极和电解质材料，组装出了高性能单电池.实验发现， Co掺杂的La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3电解质中， Co含量的增加显著提高了电解质的氧离子电导率，电解质的氧迁移数略有减小，是非常好的中、低温燃料电池电解质.钴掺杂的电解质不仅显著减小了电池的欧姆电阻，而且减小了电池的阴、阳极极化过电位.以La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.11Co0.09O3为电解质时电池在1073、973、873 K下的最大输出功率密度分别达到1.77、0.92、0.41 W•cm－2，是非常有前景的电池体系.     

High-spin cobalt(II) ions in square planar coordination: structures and magnetism of the oxysulfides Sr2CoO2Cu2S2 and Ba2CoO2Cu2S2 and their solid solution

The antiferromagnetic structures of the layered oxychalcogenides (Sr(1-x)Ba(x))(2)CoO(2)Cu(2)S(2) (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) have been determined by powder neutron diffraction. In these compounds Co(2+) is coordinated by four oxide ions in a square plane and two sulfide ions at the apexes of an extremely tetragonally elongated octahedron; the polyhedra share oxide vertexes. The magnetic reflections present in the diffraction patterns can in all cases be indexed using a √2a × √2a × c expansion of the nuclear cell, and nearest-neighbor Co(2+) moments couple antiferromagnetically within the CoO(2) planes. The ordered magnetic moment of Co(2+) in Sr(2)CoO(2)Cu(2)S(2) (x = 0) is 3.8(1) μ(B) at 5 K, consistent with high-spin Co(2+) ions carrying three unpaired electrons and with an additional significant unquenched orbital component. Exposure of this compound to moist air is shown to result in copper deficiency and a decrease in the size of the ordered moment to about 2.5 μ(B); there is a strong correlation between the size of the long-range ordered moment and the occupancy of the Cu site. Both the tetragonal elongation of the CoO(4)S(2) polyhedron and the ordered moment in (Sr(1-x)Ba(x))(2)CoO(2)Cu(2)S(2) increase with increasing Ba content, and in Ba(2)CoO(2)Cu(2)S(2), which has Co(2+) in an environment that is close to purely square planar, the ordered moment of 4.5(1) μ(B) at 5 K is over 0.7 μ(B) larger than that in Sr(2)CoO(2)Cu(2)S(2), so the unquenched orbital component in this case is even larger than that observed in octahedral Co(2+) systems such as CoO. The experimental observations of antiferromagnetic ground states and the changes in properties resulting from replacement of Sr by Ba are supported by ab initio calculations on Sr(2)CoO(2)Cu(2)S(2) and Ba(2)CoO(2)Cu(2)S(2). The large orbital moments in these systems apparently result from spin-orbit mixing of the unequally populated d(xz), d(yz), and d(z(2)) orbitals, which are reckoned to be almost degenerate when the CoO(4)S(2) polyhedron reaches its maximum elongation. The magnitudes of the ordered moments in high-spin Co(2+) oxide, oxychalcogenide, and oxyhalide systems are shown to correlate well with the tetragonal elongation of the coordination environment. The large orbital moments lead to an apparently magnetostrictive distortion of the crystal structures below the Nee?l temperature, with the symmetry lowered from tetragonal I4/mmm to orthorhombic Immm and the size of the distortion correlating well with the size of the long-range ordered moment for all compositions and for temperature-dependent data gathered on Ba(2)CoO(2)Cu(2)S(2).     

利用Eu3+荧光特性研究CaO-La2O3催化剂结构

近年来，利用稀土窝子荧光特性作为探针研究无机、有机、生物大分子结构，日益引起人们的注意．因为稀土荧光特征可以灵敏地反映发光离子近部环境的对称性、所处格位及不同对称性的格位数、有无反演中。心等结构信息[1]．由于Eu3＋离子基态能级7F0和主要的发射能级5D0的总角动量数J都为零，不被晶体场所劈裂，而且Eu3＋在不同点群对称性时，7FJ（J＝1，2，3，4，5，6）的能级劈裂数和5D0→7FJ的跃过数均有报导[2]，所以，Eu3＋可用于探针分析减土金属氧化物和稀土金属氧化物都是甲烷氧化倡联较好的催化剂．前者具有较强的碱性，后者具…     

Chemical solution-deposited PbZr 0.53 Ti 0.47 O3 on La 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co O3. SIMS investigation of the effect of different precursor additives on the layer structure

Chemical solution-deposited thin films of PbZr(0.53)Ti(0.47)O(3)/La(0.5)Sr(0.5)CoO(3) on Pt/TiO(2)/SiO(2)/Si substrates have been investigated by dynamic SIMS. The PbZr(0.53)Ti(0.47)O(3) (PZT) is intended to serve as a ferroelectric layer for microelectronic or microelectromechanical applications; conducting La(0.5)Sr(0.5)CoO(3) (LSCO) is a buffer layer intended to eliminate fatigue effects which usually occur at the Pt/PZT interface. Depth profiles of the main components were obtained and revealed that significant diffusion occurred during the deposition and crystallisation processes. Two types of sample, with different thickness of PZT and different types of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) added to the LSCO precursor, were investigated.     

共沉淀法掺杂SiO_2对V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2催化剂SCR性能的影响

通过共沉淀法将SiO_2组分掺入到V2O5-WO3/SiO_2-TiO_2催化剂TiO_2载体中,并通过多种物理化学手段,考察了不同SiO_2掺杂量对催化剂结构、表面性质与SCR性能的影响.结果表明,SiO_2掺入到TiO_2中,Si与Ti形成Si—O—Ti键,使催化剂比表面积增加.Si—O—Ti键的生成以及Si Ox物种上的-OH基团使催化剂表面Br?nsted酸增加,但新增的Br?nsted酸对SCR反应不利,并且SiO_2的掺杂也使得V~(5+)含量降低,Si—O—V键合作用使分散的VOx物种更难还原.Si组分以共沉淀法掺入到V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2催化剂会造成脱硝活性的显著下降.     

Nature of catalytic activities of CoO nanocrystals in thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

This work addresses the chemical nature of the catalytic activity of X-ray "pure" CoO nanocrystals. All samples were prepared by a solvothermal reaction route. X-ray diffraction indicates the formation of CoO in a cubic rock-salt structure, while infrared spectra and magnetic measurements demonstrate the coexistence of CoO and Co 3O 4. Therefore, X-ray "pure" CoO nanocrystals are a unique composite structure with a CoO core surrounded by an extremely thin Co 3O 4 surface layer, which is likely a consequence of the surface passivation of CoO nanocrystals from the air oxidation at room temperature. The CoO core shows a particle size of 22 or 280 nm, depending on the types of the precursors used. This composite nanostructure was initiated as a catalytic additive to promote the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). Our preliminary investigations indicate that the maximum decomposition temperature of AP is significantly reduced in the presence of CoO/Co 3O 4 composite nanocrystals and that the maximum decomposition peak shifts toward lower temperatures as the loading amount of the composite nanocrystals increases. These findings are different from the literature reports when using many nanoscale oxide additives. Finally, the decomposition heat for the low-temperature decomposition stages of AP was calculated and correlated to the chemical nature of the CoO/Co 3O 4 composite nanostructures.     

Transition-metal oxides with triangular lattices: generation of new magnetic and electronic properties

The search for multifunctional materials as multiferroics to be applied in microelectronic or for new, chemically stable and nontoxic, thermoelectric materials to recover waste heat is showing a common interest in the oxides whose structures contain a triangular network of transition-metal cations. To illustrate this point, two ternary systems, Ba-Co-O and Ca-Co-O, have been chosen. It is shown that new phases with a complex triangular structure can be discovered, for instance, by introduction of Ga (3+) into the Ba-Co-O system to stabilize Ba 6Ga 2Co 11O 26 and Ba 2GaCo 8O 14, which both belong to a large family of compounds with formula [Ba(Co,Ga)O 3-delta] n [BaCo 8O 11]. In the latter, both sublattices contain triangular networks derived from the hexagonal perovskite and the spinel structure. Among the hexagonal perovskite, the Ca 3Co 2O 6 crystals give clear evidence where the coupling of charges and spins is at the origin of a magnetocapacitance effect. In particular, the ferrimagnetic to ferromagnetic transition, with a one-third plateau on the M( H) curve characteristic of triangular magnetism, is accompanied by a peak in the dielectric constant. A second class of cobaltites is the focus of much interest. Their 2D structure, containing CoO 2 planes isostructural to a CdI 2 slice that are stacked in an incommensurate way with rock salt type layers, is referred to misfit cobaltite. The 2D triangular network of edge-shared CoO 6 octahedra is believed to be responsible for large values of the Seebeck coefficient and low electrical resistivity. A clear relationship between the structuresincommensurability ratiosand the electronic properties is evidenced, showing that the charge carrier concentration can be tuned via the control of the ionic radius of the cations in the separating layers.     

New layered cobalt oxyfluoride, Sr2CoO3F

The first Ruddlesden-Popper type layered cobalt oxyfluoride, Sr(2)CoO(3)F, has been synthesized under a pressure of 6 GPa at 1700 °C and shown to adopt a K(2)NiF(4)-type structure with distorted square pyramidal coordination around Co and with O/F disorder at the apical sites.