K_2O矿化剂对硅微粉结合SiC窑具析晶结构,性能与氧化动力学影响的研究

在硅微粉结合SiC窑具中添加适量的K2O矿化剂，能使体积效应大的a-方石英转化成体积效应小的α-鳞石英，其矿化能力与MnO2相当[1]，但比MnO2矿化剂更有适用价值。采用XRD法确定析晶结构及其含量，探讨析晶结构对窑具性能的影响，从中确定最佳的K2O添加量为1．5％。     

浸渍Ca_3(PO_4)_2溶液对SiC窑具材料晶相结构与性能影响

浸渍Ca3(PO4) 2 饱和溶液对SiC窑具材料晶相结构的转化和性能的优化是有利的。使SiC结构由低温稳定型向高温稳定型转化 ,随浸渍次数 (每次浸渍时间 1 0分钟 )的增加 ,α 型SiC含量增加 ,浸渍 4次的α 型SiC含量最高 (81 .1 % )。材料性能随浸渍次数增加而优化 ,浸渍 4次的显气孔率和吸水率最低 ,体积密度和热稳定性最高。     

铁合金厂回收的硅微粉在不同温度下晶相结构的研究

铁合金厂冶炼过程产生的大量硅微粉烟尘, 可以作为耐火材料和窑具材料的结合剂, 活性剂和矿化剂, 可促进耐火材料固相反应和烧结, 有利于晶型的转变, 提高耐火材料的高温性能。硅微粉在高于或等于1100 ℃不析晶。1200和1300 ℃析晶规律是:首先α-石英转变为α-方石英, 然后转变为α-鳞石英。在1400～1450 ℃首先析出卡片号为290085的石英变体, 然后转变为α-方石英。 而常规转化过程是α-方石英很难形成α-鳞石英, 而且不形成290085的变体, 因此其转化规律与常规不同。在液相存在情况下, 少量α-方石英转变为α-鳞石英, 不同温度下析晶结构探讨为实际生产提供适宜的升温曲线。     

堇青石窑具多晶结构与性能研究

利用X-射线衍射分析和电子显微镜分析的结果，确定堇青石窑具的多晶结构和各晶相的含量；结合窑具性能的研究，确定堇青石窑具具有优良性能的适宜配方。     

陶瓷辊棒在辊道窑使用过程中晶相结构与性能变化

采用XRD和SEM方法表征不同位置辊棒的晶相结构与显微结构来探讨陶瓷辊棒在实际窑炉使用过程晶相结构和性能变化。采用物理方法表征辊棒的性能。实验结果表明:不同位置辊棒存在莫来石、刚玉、硅酸钙镁三种晶相。莫来石含量是按未使用的(80.8%)→预热带的(78.4%)→烧结带的(73.4%)→冷却带的(71.5%)的顺序降低;刚玉含量按17.7%→19.2%→18%→22.5%的顺序变化;而晶相硅酸钙镁含量按1.5%→2.4%→7.6%→6%的顺序变化;体积密度和使用寿命按上述顺序降低的,而气孔率和吸水率按上述顺序增加的。     

异三核氧中心配合物[Cr_2MnO(phCO_2)_6py_3]~+·CrO_3Cl~-的合成、性质及晶体结构研究

合成了一种新型异三核氧中心配合物 ,得到该配合物单晶 ,用元素分析、红外光谱进行了表征 ,研究了配合物的磁性质 .单晶X射线分析表明 ,属六方晶系 ,空间群P6 3 /m ,晶胞参数 :a =b =1.2 92 (1)nm ,c=2 .135 (2 )nm ;F(0 0 0 ) =135 6 ;最终偏离因子R =0 .0 5 0 ,RW=0 .0 6 3.     

Comparative Studies on Structure and Electronic Properties Between Thermal Lithiated Li_(0.5)MnO_2 and LiMn_2O_4

Monoclinic Li0.5MnO2 was synthesized by solid state reaction and the spectral and magnetic properties were studied in comparison with those of spinel LiMn2O4.The XRD pattern and Raman spectrum of Li0.5MnO2 are different from those of LiMn2O4,which indicate the different long-range and short-range crystal structure.XPS result shows the binding energies of 2p3/2 and 2p1/2 in Li0.5MnO2 are located at 642.3 and 653.6 eV,respectively.Through fitting the XPS spectra,the valence state of Mn ion in Li0.5MnO2 coincides with that in LiMn2O4.The high-temperature susceptibility of Li0.5MnO2 can be fitted by Curie-Weiss law whose Curie and Weiss constants are 33 A·m2·K/(mol·T) and-277(6) K,respectively.Although Li0.5MnO2 shows spin glass ground state,the transition temperature of Li0.5MnO2 is about 9 K lower than that of LiMn2O4.     

高铁酸钾的合成及其性能

高铁酸钾最初是作为选择性氧化剂或非氯型高效水处理剂使用。1999年lieht提出高铁酸钾作为电池的正极活性物质,对于高铁酸盐的认识达到一个新的高度。     

二氧化锰/球形活性炭复合材料在有机系超级电容器中的应用

以Mn(NO3)2和中间相炭微球基球形活性炭（MSAC）为原料,采用热分解的方法成功制备了一种新型超级电容器用MnO2/MSAC球形复合材料。 通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对比分析了该复合材料的结构和形貌,并采用循环伏安、恒流充放电、电化学阻抗（EIS）、循环充放电研究了电极的电化学性能。 结果表明,MnO2/MSAC球形复合物中的MnO2粒径为100~160 nm;在1 mol/L的LiPF6/(DMC+EC)（EC：乙烯碳酸酯;DMC：碳酸二甲酯) 有机电解液中MnO2/MSAC复合材料所组装的电容器的工作电压可达3.0 V,在0.002 A/cm2电流密度下,MnO2/MSAC球形复合材料的电容器和单纯MSAC材料的电容器的首次循环比容量分别为186和167 F/g,在循环过程中,MnO2/MSAC球形复合材料的电容器循环200次后充放电的库仑效率基本保持在95%以上。 此外,MnO2/MSAC球形复合材料的充放电曲线表现出典型的电容行为;循环伏安曲线也表现出良好矩型特征,同时具有较高的能量密度和良好的功率性能。     

MnO octahedral nanocrystals and MnO@C core-shell composites: synthesis, characterization, and electrocatalytic properties

We present a simple and facile synthesis of MnO octahedral nanocrystals and MnO@C core-shell composite nanoparticles. The synthesis is accomplished by a single-step direct pyrolysis of cetyltrimethylammonium permanganate in specially made Let-lock union cells. The products are characterized by HRSEM, HRTEM, Raman spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The product consists mainly of octahedral MnO nanocrystals and MnO coated with carbon (MnO@C). The core-shell particles are observed only when the core size is smaller than 150 nm. The shape of the nanocrystals can be controlled by varying parameters such as reaction temperature and duration. As the temperature increases from 600 to 800 degrees C, the octahedral MnO crystals observed are without any carbon shell. The effect of time and temperature on the octahedral MnO nanocrystal formation is described. The electrocatalytic activities of the products are studied for oxygen reduction reaction in aqueous basic medium and are compared with bulk MnO. The MnO nanocrystals and core-shell composites exhibit higher activity than that of bulk MnO.     

Structure of Electrochemically Lithiated Li_(0.33)MnO_2

Li0.33MnO2 cathode material was synthesized by solid state reaction which showed a monoclinic structure.In situ synchrotron diffraction showed a reversible structural transition of Li0.33MnO2 during Li+ insertion/extraction.However,it is difficult to determine the crystal structure of lithiated Li0.33+xMnO2 based on their poorly resolved diffraction patterns.This difficulty was successfully resolved by X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS) and Raman scattering which are sensitive to the short-range ordering of...     

MnO2掺杂金属陶瓷惰性阳极的制备及性能研究

以氧化铝-金属复合材料为基质, 通过掺杂MnO2制备一种新型电解铝所用的陶瓷惰性阳极, 并对添加MnO2的阳极材料的综合性能进行了考察. 研究了MnO2对烧结性能的影响, 并对样品进行了静态腐蚀实验的研究, 测定了样品在500~1000 ℃下电导率随温度的变化. 研究结果表明, 添加MnO2有利于材料烧结且能改善材料的物化性能: 烧结样品晶粒生长完整, 致密度高; 耐高温和抗冰晶石熔盐腐蚀性能好, 平均腐蚀速率降为12.32 mm/year; 导电性能稳定、良好, 具有半导体的导电性质, 电导率随温度的升高而增大, 测得850 ℃时样品的电导率为67 S/cm.     

A2BO4尖晶石类催化剂在紫外可见光水氧化的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备La_xSr_(2-x)MnO_4尖晶石类光催化剂,确定了适用于La_xSr_(2-x)MnO_4的制备方法和条件,通过改变结构和组分实现光催化水氧化反应。实验表明,晶体的缺陷和晶格的变形影响光催化性能且x为0.3~0.6时都表现良好的催化活性,Na_2S_2O_8浓度过高不利于催化性能,可能发生其它的副反应。利用X-射线衍射(XRD)法,气相色谱(GC)法、电化学循环伏安法、极化曲线法、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)法对结构和其催化性能进行表征。     

Synthesis, crystal structure, magnetic properties, and electronic structure of the new ternary vanadate CuMnVO4

A new magnetic oxide, CuMnVO4, was prepared, and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The magnetic properties of CuMnVO4 were characterized by magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements, and the spin exchange interactions of CuMnVO4 were analyzed on the basis of spin-polarized electronic band structure calculations. CuMnVO4 contains MnO4 chains made up of edge-sharing MnO6 octahedra containing high-spin Mn2+ cations. Our work shows that CuMnVO4 undergoes a three-dimensional antiferromagnetic transition at approximately 20 K. Both the intrachain and interchain spin exchanges are antiferromagnetic, and the interchain spin exchange is not negligible compared to the intrachain spin exchange.     

低温等离子体场内复合不同晶型氧化锰催化降解甲苯性能和机理

作为典型的挥发性有机化合物,甲苯通常来源于建筑涂料、交通运输和各种工业生产过程,是PM2.5、臭氧和光化学烟雾的重要前驱体,对环境和人类健康造成巨大影响.近年来,低温等离子体技术因具有在常温常压下就能通过高能电子、活性氧物种和羟基等活性粒子有效降解挥发性有机物的优点而受到广泛关注.然而,高能耗和大量副产物的产生是等离子体技术工业化应用的巨大障碍.当前最有效的策略之一是将等离体技术与催化技术结合,从而加快反应速率,提高产品的选择性和能源利用率.在所应用的催化剂中,MnO2因具有较好的O3分解效率而成为最有潜力的催化剂之一.但是MnO2具有不同的晶型结构、隧道结构和形貌,这些均会显著影响MnO2的催化活性.本文通过一步水热法制备了α-,β-,γ-和δ-MnO2四种MnO2催化剂,并将其用于等离子体催化降解甲苯研究,在此基础上系统考察了等离子体催化降解性能和MnO2不同晶型之间的关系.结果表明,当能量密度为160 J/L时,等离子体单独降解甲苯去除效率为32.5%.引入催化剂能够显著提高甲苯的降解效率,其中α-MnO2效果最显著,甲苯降解效率能够提升至78.1%,β-,γ-和δ-MnO2能够相应提升至47.4%,66.1%和50.0%.采用X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、扫面电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、比表面积-孔结构分析、氢气程序升温还原和X射线光电子能谱等手段研究了催化剂的理化特性.结果表明,隧道结构、催化剂在等离子体中的稳定性、Mn–O键能和催化剂表面吸附氧均在等离子体催化降解甲苯中发挥了重要作用.在此基础上,通过GC-MS分析降解产生的气相副产物推断甲苯在等离子体和等离子体催化体系中的降解机理.在等离子体催化体系中,通过Mn4+,Mn3+和Mn2+价态的变化,等离子体产生的O3,O2*和其他活性自由基会被吸附到催化剂表面,随后与催化剂吸附的甲苯或中间副产物发生氧化还原反应,将甲苯氧化为CO2等小分子物质.此外,MnO2作为分解O3最有效的催化剂,可以吸附O3并将其分解为O?或者与H2O生成?OH参与到反应中,从而提高甲苯的降解效率.     

石英晶体微天平分析不同介孔二氧化锰材料的电化学性能

以碳酸锰(MnCO3)为前体,空气氛围下采用不同温度(300℃、350℃、400℃)煅烧, 制备了3种介孔二氧化锰(MnO2)材料,分别与粘结剂混合喷涂至石英晶片作为电极,利用石英晶体微天平(QCM)监测了3种材料在0.1 mol/L Na2SO4溶液中随循环伏安过程的电化学性能变化.分析结果表明,3种材料在首圈循环中都呈现出显著的质量增加,发生了不可逆反应过程; 300℃煅烧制备的MnO2材料具备更好的电化学稳定性和容量保持能力.将300℃, 350℃和400℃煅烧的MnO2各自作为正极与活性炭负极组成超级电容器, 进行充放电测试,首圈均有35％～40％的容量损失; 三者稳定循环时放电容量分别为15.9, 12.9和11.7 mA h/g.QCM的分析与充放电测试结果相一致,表明QCM可用于比较不同介孔二氧化锰材料的电化学性能.     

Room-temperature synthesis of manganese oxide monosheets

Preparation of single-layer manganese oxide nanosheets (monosheets) comprised of edge-shared MnO(6) octahedra has relied on multistep processing involving a high-temperature solid-state synthesis of bulk templates, and ion-exchange and exfoliation reactions in solutions, requiring high cost and long processing time. Here we demonstrate the first single-step approach to directly access the MnO(2) monosheets, by the chemical oxidation of Mn(2+) ions in the presence of tetramethylammonium cations in an aqueous solution. Of importance is that this template-free reaction readily proceeds within a day at room temperature. The ability of the MnO(2) monosheets to self-assemble allows aggregation, to form layered structures with potassium cations and cationic tetrathiafulvalene analogues as intercalants. Furthermore, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films composed of the MnO(2) monosheets were successfully fabricated by the LB deposition method, in which about one layer of the monosheets was deposited for each process.     

纳米电极材料的制备及其电化学性质研究(Ⅲ)——微乳液中通氧气制备MnO_2及其性能

本文采用锰盐微乳液中通氧气法成功制备了超细粉末ＭｎＯ２,对所得样品进行了化学分析,ＸＲＤ,ＴＥＭ测试,证明为γ ＭｎＯ２,平均粒径在纳米级范围内．再经恒电流放电,循环伏安,分形维数,交流阻抗等测试,发现在适当制备条件下所得纳米ＭｎＯ２具有良好的放电性能,并对此作了初步的理论探讨     

Synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of the new one-dimensional manganate Cs3Mn2O4

Cs(3)Mn(2)O(4), a new member of the small family of ternary manganese (II/III) mixed-valent compounds, has been synthesized via the azide/nitrate route and studied using powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility measurements and density functional theory (DFT). Its crystal structure (P2(1)/c, Z = 8, a = 1276.33(1) pm, b = 1082.31(2) pm, c = 1280.29(2) pm, β = 118.390(2)°) is based on one-dimensional MnO(2)(1.5-) chains built up from edge-sharing MnO(4) tetrahedra. The title compound is the first example of an intrinsically doped transition metalate of the series A(x)MnO(2), (A = alkali metal) where a complete 1:1 charge ordering of Mn(2+) and Mn(3+) is observed along the chains (-Mn(2+)-Mn(3+)-Mn(2+)-Mn(3+)-). From the magnetic point of view it basically consists of ferrimagnetic MnO(2) chains, where the Mn(2+) and Mn(3+) ions are strongly antiferromagnetically coupled up to high temperatures. Very interestingly, their long-range three-dimensional ordering below the Néel temperature (T(N)) ~12 K give rise to conspicuous field dependent magnetic ordering phenomena, for which we propose a consistent picture based on the change from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic coupling between the chains. Electronic structure calculations confirm the antiferromagnetic ordering as the ground state for Cs(3)Mn(2)O(4) and ferrimagnetic ordering as its nearly degenerate state.     

Raman Spectrum of Er-Y-codoped ZrO2 and Fluorescence Properties of Er3+

Er-Y-codoped ZrO2 mixed oxides with monoclinic, tetragonal and cubic structures were prepared by a sol-gel method. The crystal structure of ZrO2 matrix and the effect of the ZrO2 phases on the fluorescence properties of Er3+ were studied using Raman spectroscopy. The results indicated that the fluorescence properties of Er3+ depend on its local ZrO2 crystal structures. As ZrO2 matrix transferred from monoclinic to tetragonal and cubic phase, the Raman and fluorescence bands of Er3+ decreased in intensities and tended to form a single peak. With 632.8 nm excitation, the bands between 640 and 680 nm were attributed to the fluorescence of Er3+ in the ZrO2 environment. However, only the fluorescence was observed and no Raman spectra were seen under 514.5 nm excitation, while only Raman spectra were observed under 325 nm excitation. UV Raman spectroscopy was found to be more sensitive in the surface region while the information provided by XRD mainly came from the bulk. The phase with lower symmetry forms more easily on the surface than in the bulk.