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测定手性有机酸对映体纯度的新试剂 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用NMR技术测定微量手性化合物的对映体纯度,已有多种方法。其中,加手性镧化物位移试剂法适用面最广,但对有机酸,结果常不理想。另一种使用较广的方法是加手性试剂,将样品中两对映体转变成非对映异构体,然后比较非对映基因NMR信号的强度,确定原样品中对映体的组成比例。国外已出售的手性试 相似文献
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研究了双功能手性硫脲-叔胺催化剂催化的3-苯基异香豆冉酮衍生物与N-保护亚胺的不对称Mannich反应,高收率、高对映选择性(88%~98%)地合成了一系列具有连续季碳叔碳手性中心的新化合物,其结构经1HNMR和13C NMR表征。 相似文献
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运用生物电子等排原理及简化策略,设计含乙二胺结构片段的番荔枝内酯简化类似物.通过N,N′-二苄基乙二胺与两个手性环氧片段依次拼接,合成了手性简化类似物.其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和MS表征. 相似文献
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手性硫脲-叔胺催化剂(1)催化α-取代硝基乙酸酯与丙烯醛发生Michael加成反应,合成了一系列α,α-双取代芳基氨基酸前体(4a~4j),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和ESI-HR-MS表征.以合成4b为例,考察了溶剂,反应温度和反应时间等对反应的影响,结果表明,在1 10 mol%,甲苯为溶剂,于-60 ℃反应100 h的最佳反应条件下,4b的收率94%,74%e.e..并合成了一系列4b的衍生物. 相似文献
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Pacholczyk J Kalisiak J Jurczak J Potrzebowski MJ 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2007,111(11):2790-2799
In this work, we report the structural studies on the solid state of two benzodiazacoronads that form chiral and achiral crystals. Crystals have to be considered as a two-component system consisting of an organic unit and a water molecule in 1:1 ratio. Both components play an important role in the crystal structure. The strong (O-H...O, N-H...O) and weak (C-H...O) intermolecular hydrogen bonds are responsible for phase organization and, in consequence, formation of chiral or achiral crystals. The alignment of the water molecule with respect to the macrocycle is different for samples 1 and 2. Removal of water from the crystal lattice of 1 is reversible. Formation of chiral cocrystals from two different achiral molecules by self-assembly is well-known. However, in this paper, we show that the water molecule can be an important achiral cofactor responsible for chiral crystallization. 相似文献
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Roush WR Bannister TD Wendt MD VanNieuwenhze MS Gustin DJ Dilley GJ Lane GC Scheidt KA Smith WJ 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2002,67(12):4284-4289
We describe a simple 1H NMR analysis that permits the stereochemistry of beta-hydroxy ketones to be assigned by visual inspection of the ABX patterns for the alpha-methylene unit of the beta-hydroxy ketone in the 1H NMR spectra. This method has been verified by application to a wide range of beta-hydroxy ketones deriving from aldol reactions of chiral aldehydes with a variety of chiral and achiral methyl ketone enolates (see Tables 1 and 2). The stereochemistry of 54 of these compounds have been assigned by rigorous chemical methods. 相似文献
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Nonlinear effects caused by molecular association of enantiomers in non-racemic mixtures can cause unexpected effects in chiroptics, NMR spectroscopy, homogeneous catalysis, and chromatography. Herein we present a theoretical model to simulate and verify unusual elution orders of enantiomers on an achiral stationary phase doped with a small amount of a chiral selector or achiral columns coupled with columns doped with a chiral selector. Scenarios with strong, medium, and weak associations of enantiomers, different separation efficiencies typical for flash chromatography and liquid chromatography, and the influence of the enantioselectivity of the chiral selector on the complex equilibria have been investigated. The findings presented here are of importance for the validation of the determination of enantiomeric ratios in not fully separated elution zones as well as for the preparative separation of non-racemic enantiomeric mixtures on chiral stationary phases bonded to achiral matrices. 相似文献
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Eisenberg D Filatov AS Jackson EA Rabinovitz M Petrukhina MA Scott LT Shenhar R 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2008,73(16):6073-6078
The bicorannulenyl molecule is composed of two chiral bowls tethered by a single bond in a helical fashion. This simple combination of two chiral motifs gives rise to rich dynamic stereochemistry, where 12 conformers interconvert through bowl inversions and central bond rotation, and enantiomerizations occur via multistep processes. Interestingly, 8 out of 10 transition states are chiral, giving rise to mostly chiral enantiomerization pathways, where the molecule changes chirality without passing through an achiral conformation. However, analysis of the stereochemical landscape by DFT calculations and variable temperature NMR spectroscopy reveals that the energetically most favorable enantiomerization pathway passes through one of the two achiral transition states. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction corroborates the DFT results and provides information on packing modes of bicorannulenyl molecules in the solid state that have not been seen previously for other buckybowls. 相似文献
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《Tetrahedron: Asymmetry》2001,12(5):737-744
We describe a deuterium 1D and 2D NMR study of cis-decalin in various chiral and achiral polypeptide oriented solvent systems and the effect of the acquisition temperature. Organic solutions of poly-γ-benzyl-l-glutamate (PBLG) or poly-ε-carbobenzyloxy-l-lysine (PCBLL) in dichloromethane or chloroform allow the chiral invertomers of cis-decalin to be differentiated at low temperature. At high temperature, it is possible to distinguish between deuterium nuclei of the molecule which become enantiotopic under rapid kinetic averaging. The results obtained illustrate the capability of such polypeptide liquid-crystalline solvents to enantioselectively interact with unfunctionalised chiral cycloalkanes and highlight the analytical potential of NMR analysis in chiral liquid crystal based solvents in the investigation of interconverting chiral conformers. 相似文献
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Jun Wang Hui Wang Jun-ting Liu Wen-bin Liu Xian-de Shen 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2013,114(3):1255-1264
Novel difunctional chiral and achiral benzoxazine monomers were synthesized from the reaction of bisphenol A with paraformaldehyde and primary amines, including S-(+)-3-methyl-2-butylamine and rac-(±)-3-methyl-2-butylamine, by solventless method. The chemical structures of chiral and achiral benzoxazines were identified by fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR). The curing behavior and non-isothermal curing kinetics of chiral and achiral benzoxazine monomers were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Isoconversional methods based on Friedman and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose were applied to analyze the curing process of chiral and achiral benzoxazines. The thermal properties of cured polymers were characterized by DSC and thermogravimetry. The results suggested that the optical purity and stereo-configuration for chiral and achiral benzoxazines have definite influence on curing behavior and thermal properties despite the same chemical structure. Chiral benzoxazine displayed typical characteristics of difunctional benzoxazines. Achiral benzoxazine showed distinctly double peaks in DSC exotherms due to the presence of racemic and mesomeric isomers. The thermal properties of achiral polybenzoxazine were slightly higher than those of chiral polybenzoxazine, and were much higher than those of other bisphenol A-C3–C8 linear aliphatic amine-based polybenzoxazines because of tight packing, low free volume, and abundant intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in network structure of polymers. 相似文献
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A selection of amino-substituted 1,1,2,2,9,9,10,10 octafluoro[2.2]paracyclophanes were tested for enantiodiscrimination by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy via their interaction with different lanthanide tris β-diketonate chiral shift reagents. The amino-, and the pseudo-ortho di-amino substituted octafluoro[2.2]paracyclophanes, both of which exhibit planar chirality, revealed significant shifts and splittings of various 1H and 19F NMR signals upon the addition of the chiral shift reagents, which allowed the easy determination of the enantiomeric purity. When the chiral shift reagent was added to an inseparable mixture of the (chiral) pseudo-meta, and (achiral) pseudo-para diamino analogues, both the chiral and achiral molecules revealed NMR doubling. In the case of the achiral molecule, this NMR behavior is due to the meso nature of the pseudo-para species. 相似文献
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Inai Y Ishida Y Tagawa K Takasu A Hirabayashi T 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2002,124(11):2466-2473
Recently, a novel chiral intermolecular interaction was found in an N-deprotected achiral nonapeptide that undergoes the predominance of one-handed screw sense through the addition of chiral small carboxylic acid (Inai, Y.; Tagawa, K.; Takasu, A.; Hirabayashi, T.; Oshikawa, T.; Yamashita, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 11731). We here clarify to what extent such noncovalent chiral domino effect affects the helical screw sense of an N-deprotected chiral peptide. Two chiral peptides consisting of C-terminal L-Leu (1) or L-Leu(2) (2) and the preceding achiral helical octapeptide segment were employed. NMR and IR spectroscopy, and energy calculation indicated that both peptides adopt a helical conformation in chloroform. Peptide 1 showed a small excess of a left-handed screw sense for the achiral helical octapeptide, but peptide 2 strongly preferred a right-handed screw sense. The addition of chiral Boc amino acid to a chloroform solution of peptide 1, depending on its chirality, underwent a unique helix-to-helix transition or led to remarkable stabilization of the original left-handed screw sense. Peptide 2 retained the original right-handed screw sense on addition of chiral Boc-amino acid, but its helical stability changed to some extent depending on its added chirality. Therefore, the importance of noncovalent domino effect for controlling the helical screw sense or helical stability of a chiral peptide has been demonstrated here for the first time. In addition, we here have presented a unique system that both N-terminal noncovalent and C-terminal covalent domino effects operate simultaneously on the helical screw sense of a single achiral segment and have compared both powers for inducing the screw sense bias. 相似文献
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Beşli S Coles SJ Davies DB Eaton RJ Hursthouse MB Kiliç A Shaw RA Yenilmez Ciftçi G Yeşilot S 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2003,125(16):4943-4950
A problem has arisen in using chiral shift reagents (CSR) and chiral solvating agents (CSA) to determine meso and racemic forms of diastereoisomers in which the stereogenic centers of the molecules are separated by achiral spacers. It is found that NMR signals of both meso and racemic forms of diastereoisomers may exhibit doubling on addition of CSR/CSA, which means that unequivocal assignments cannot be made without characterizing the effects for separate meso and racemic forms; this is particularly important for additions of CSR/CSA at relatively low concentrations, which always result in the splitting of some NMR signals of diastereoisomers. The phenomenon is demonstrated in the (31)P NMR spectra of meso and racemic forms of three spermine-bridged gem-disubstituted cyclotriphosphazatrienes, 1a-c, and compared with analogous achiral molecules, the per-substituted spermine-bridged cyclotriphosphazatrienes 2a-d. As expected, only one set of (31)P NMR signals was observed for the achiral compounds 2a-d, even on addition of CSA. Two sets of (31)P NMR ABX multiplets corresponding to meso and racemic diastereoisomers were observed for compounds 1a-c; on addition of CSA, the signals of at least one of the multiplets for each compound separated into more than the expected groups of three lines with an intensity distribution of 2:1:1. To understand this phenomenon, the meso and racemic forms of 1a and 1b and the meso form of 1c have been separated and characterized by X-ray crystallography. On addition of CSA to the racemic forms of 1a and 1b, the (31)P NMR spectrum shows the expected doubling of signals, but, unexpectedly, the same is observed for each of the meso forms of 1a-c. Analogous results using both CSA and CSR have been obtained for the meso and racemic forms of the diastereoisomeric piperazine-bridged macrocyclic-phosphazene compound, 3, whereas no effect was observed for the two meso forms of the doubly bridged macrocyclic-phosphazene compound 4. The phenomenon of doubling of the (31)P NMR signals of the meso form of singly bridged cyclotriphosphazatrienes, 1a-c and 3, is explained by consideration of the equilibrium in solution of independent complexation of a chiral ligand with molecules that have two chiral cyclophosphazene moieties separated by an achiral spacer group. The results show that the stereogenicity of such diastereoisomeric molecules in solution cannot be characterized unequivocally by NMR measurements on addition of either CSR or CSA. 相似文献
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The primary explosive hexamethylenetriperoxide diamine has previously been found to exist in the solid state as a racemic mixture of helically chiral, threefold symmetric enantiomers; another enantiomeric pair of low-energy conformers has been predicted, but has never been observed. We show by solution 2D NMR at 14 T, in achiral solution and by addition of chiral shift reagents, that all four optically isomeric conformers coexist at slow equilibrium on the NMR timescale at room temperature, and can be observed. Calculations of the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts using gauge-including atomic orbital methods are in excellent agreement with experiment; thermochemical calculation of the free energies in solution are in somewhat worse agreement, but correctly predict the relative stability of the conformers. Analysis of the effects of chiral shift reagents on the NMR spectra suggests that discrimination between chiral isomers is primarily around the molecular equator, around which the enantiomeric gauche O--O linkages are arrayed. 相似文献