Performance studies of a novel design atmospheric pressure pulsed HF/DF laser

Intense multi and single line laser operation is reported from TEA semiconductively preionised HF/DF lasers employing various discrete components or flat plate excitation circuits. The performance, the spectral and the beam characteristics of these lasers are given and are compared to the characteristics of previously described HF/DF lasers. Their improved performance parameters are explained in terms of the preionizing action of the semiconductors, the low inductance of the circuits employed and the good matching of the voltage and current waveforms of the excitation circuitry to their excitation. Finally, their potential in specific applications, like infrared vitreous surgery (HF) or atmospheric laser beam propagation (DF), is stressed.     

利用高翅管换热器提高压力恢复系统效率

为提高压力恢复系统效率,设计并制造了一台高翅管换热器。采用滚扎而成的整体式螺旋高翅片管,代替套片式圆形普通翅片管,翅片管材料为紫铜,管束按等腰三角形叉排布置,管内强制水冷。测试了高翅管换热器的阻力特性,对比分析了加入换热器前后压力恢复系统性能的变化。结果表明:随着背压的提高,该换热器流阻逐渐降低,当背压达到9.366kPa时,换热器流阻为0.133kPa,仅占换热器入口激光尾气压力的1.4%;与不加换热器相比,加入高翅管换热器后的引射器混合室入口压力降低了12.95%,压力恢复系统的效率得到了提高。     

A pressure recovery system for chemical oxygen-iodine laser based on an active diffuser

An open-type pressure recovery system (PRS) for chemical oxygen-iodine laser was designed and fabricated. As a first stage, an active diffuser was used in which the ejecting gas supply was organized through nozzles disposed around the channel periphery. The second stage was a supersonic ejector. Numerical simulation data for the viscous turbulent flow with heat release through the diffuser gas-dynamic channel, and also data obtained by testing the active diffuser in operation on a model facility equipped with a vacuum chamber, are reported. The obtained data were used to develop a full-scale setup with exhaust of laser gas into the atmosphere; this has allowed us to optimize the performance characteristics of the setup and substantially improve its mass-dimensional characteristics. Special attention was paid to parameter matching and synchronization of laser start with the operation of PRS components.     

非链式HF/DF激光器的研究进展

HF/DF激光器是中红外波段能提供最高能量输出的激光光源,也是中红外波段应用非常广泛的相干光源。本文介绍了近几年国内外关于非链式HF/DF激光器的研究进展及其成果应用,分析了非链式HF/DF激光器在应用方面的优缺点,总结了实现非链式HF/DF激光输出的关键技术和存在的问题,指出了该技术的未来发展方向。     

An X-ray preionised self sustained discharge HF/DF laser

We report the design and characterisation of a flash X-ray preionised, transversely excited HF/DF laser with energy outputs at the joule level. The laser used a H₂/D₂: SF₆ mixture at a pressure of around 120 Torr. X-ray photon fluxes and ionisation rates in the laser gas are presented and the laser dependence on these examined. It is shown that X-ray preionisation can be effective and it is estimated that the laser should operate satisfactorily with as little as 5% of the total stored electrical energy in the preionisation circuit. The laser performance is comparable to that of a UV preionised device with similar operating parameters.     

放电引发的非链式高功率重复频率HF/DF激光器

高功率重频HF/DF激光因其具有的波长和功率优势成为当前中红外激光技术发展的热点之一。介绍了利用紫外预电离横向放电结构和工作气体循环系统建立的放电引发高功率重频HF/DF激光装置。在对激光工作介质SF6/C2H6混合气体放电特性和激光输出特性研究的基础上,开展了强电负性气体的重频均匀体放电技术和气体快速循环置换技术研究,解决了泵浦源重频放电能量在气体介质中的有效沉积和提取问题,实现了激光器50Hz的重频稳定运行和能量稳定输出,HF激光的平均功率达到28W,脉宽100ns,峰值功率5.6 MW。     

Performance comparison of supersonic ejectors with different motive gas injection schemes applicable for flowing medium gas laser

A class of flowing medium gas lasers with low generator pressures employ supersonic flows with low cavity pressure and are primarily categorized as high throughput systems capable of being scaled up to MW class. These include; Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser (COIL) and Hydrogen (Deuterium) Fluoride (HF/DF). The practicability of such laser systems for various applications is enhanced by exhausting the effluents directly to ambient atmosphere. Consequently, ejector based pressure recovery forms a potent configuration for open cycle operation. Conventionally these gas laser systems require at least two ejector stages with low pressure stage being more critical, since it directly entrains the laser media, and the ensuing perturbation of cavity flow, if any, may affect laser operation. Hence, the choice of plausible motive gas injection schemes viz., peripheral or central is a fluid dynamic issue of interest, and a parametric experimental performance comparison would be beneficial. Thus, the focus is to experimentally characterize the effect of variation in motive gas supply pressure, entrainment ratio, back pressure conditions, nozzle injection position operated together with a COIL device and discern the reasons for the behavior.     

固定夹角反射镜扫描化学激光器小信号增益测量装置

 推导了一种新型1维快速扫描组件——固定夹角反射镜的原理,计算出了其对应于典型扫描距离10 cm和6 cm时的优化参数。并以此扫描组件为基础设计组装了化学激光器小信号增益系数1维快速扫描测量装置,该装置尺寸较小,使用比较方便,可以满足连续波DF/HF化学激光性能研究的需要,且对其扫描组件进行相应的改进,也可用于气动CO₂激光器和COIL小信号增益系数的研究。     

Initial performance of a CW chemical laser

The performance of a continuous HF chemical laser is presented in this paper. Population inversion was obtained by diffusion of H₂ into a supersonic jet containing F atoms [H₂+F HF(v)+H₁ H=–31.7 kcal/mole]. A peak power of 630 W was obtained with an F atom flow rate of 0.040 mole/sec, and the efficiency of conversion of chemical energy to laser energy was 12%. The performance of a corresponding DF laser is also given. Major laser output is from 2-1 and 1-0 transitions for both lasers. Radiation is at 2.6 to 2.9m and 3.6 to 4.0m for the HF and DF lasers, respectively. The ratio of DF to HF laser power is 0.7 under similar flow conditions.Work conducted under US Air Force Contract F04701-69-C-0066.     

使用态-态分辨的量子波包方法对Li+HF/DF反应的研究

使用基于反应物坐标的含时量子波包方法,在APW势能面上,计算了碰撞能在0～0.25 eV范围的Li+HF/DF(v=0,j=0,1)反应的积分和微分截面．同时也计算了初始态选择的反应速率常数．计算结果表明,Li+DF和Li+HF反应产物分布基本类似,只是前者产物转动激发态稍微多些．反应物的转动激发对于Li+DF反应影响很小．这两个反应的微分截面都是前向散射为主的,特别是在碰撞能较高时候．产物振转态分辨的积分截面和后向散射随碰撞能而呈现的振荡现象,可以用来指认Li+HF反应中的共振态．Li+HF的反应速率常数在100～300 K几乎不变,而Li+DF的反应速率常数则增长了10倍左右．Li+HF的反应几率和积分截面和以前报道的结果总体符合较好,差别应该是计算收敛性更好所致．     

DF激光器光栅选线实验研究

基于闪耀光栅的分光原理,利用小型直流放电驱动化学激光器,在平凹稳定腔内插入闪耀光栅,建立了选择激光器光栅谱线的实验装置.实验中共获得了14条谱线,测量了每条谱线的功率,计算了波长,分析了选线后谱线条数减少、谱线功率降低的原因.该装置尺寸小,使用比较方便,可以满足连续波DF化学激光器性能研究的需要.     

超音速氮稀释连续波HF化学激光器小信号增益测量

 以氮为稀释剂的电激励连续波HF/DF化学激光器可以使用低温吸附泵代替传统的机械真空泵和洗消装置,大幅度降低激光器的系统体积和重量。使用小信号增益测量系统对某超音速氮稀释电激励连续波HF化学激光器的增益分布进行了测量。得到了在4种不同激光功率下P₁(4),P₁(6), P₂(4)～P₂(6)谱线的增益系数分布曲线。测得P2(4)为最强增益谱线,最大值为0.1 cm^-1;最强增益位置与最佳光轴位置相符;超音速气流使增益区延伸达2.5 cm。     

He-HF(DF，TF)碰撞体系散射截面的理论计算

运用质心变换-拟合的方法,使用Murrell-Sorbie势能函数拟合在对称性匹配微扰理论下精确计算He-HF体系的相互作用能数据,得到了He原子与同位素分子HF(DF,TF)复合物的相互作用势的解析形式. 在此基础上,完成了入射He原子能量分别为50meV,59.5meV,86meV,100meV和120meV时,He-HF(DF,TF)碰撞体系散射截面的密耦计算,获得了弹性、非弹性和总积分截面等信息,并讨论了散射截面的变化趋势及特征. 关键词： He-HF(DF TF)复合物 密耦近似 散射截面 质心偏移     

Effects of pressure ratio on population inversion in a DF chemical laser with concurrent lasing

A numerical simulation is presented for investigating the effects of pressure ratio of D₂ injector to supersonic nozzle on the population inversion in the DF chemical laser cavity, while a lasing concurrently takes place. The chemical laser is generally used for the industrial process and manufacturing as well as the military weapon system, which requires high power characteristic of laser system rather than the others. The population inversion is absolutely needed to generate the laser beam and is non-equilibrium process. The laser beam is generated between the mirrors in the cavity and it is important to obtain stronger population inversion and more uniform distribution of the excited molecules in the laser cavity in order to produce high-power laser beam with good quality. In this study, these phenomena are investigated by means of analyzing the distributions of the DF excited molecules and the F atom used as an oxidant, while simultaneously estimating the maximum small signal and saturated gains and power in the DF chemical laser cavity. For the numerical solution, a fully conservative implicit method and a second order total variation diminishing (TVD) scheme are used with the finite-volume method (FVM). An 11-species (including DF molecules in various excited states of energies), 32-step chemistry model is adopted for the chemical reaction of the DF chemical laser system. The results are discussed by comparison with two D₂ injector pressure cases; 192 and 388.64 torr. Major results reveal that in the resonator, stronger population inversions occur in the all transitions except DF(1)-DF(0), when the D₂ injection pressure is lower. But, the higher D₂ injection pressure provides a favorable condition for DF(1)-DF(0) transition to generate the higher power laser beam. In other words, as the pressure of D₂ injector increases, the maximum small signal gain in the v_1-0 transition, which is in charge of generating most of laser power, becomes higher. Therefore, the total laser beam power becomes higher.     

Pressure recovery studies on a supersonic COIL with central ejector configuration

A chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) is an electronic transition, low pressure, high throughput system. The field use of this laser demands the development of suitable pressure recovery systems. Ejector based pressure recovery systems form a potent alternative for open cycle COIL operation. The two possible configurations of motive gas injection in ejectors are peripheral and central. The present paper focuses on the investigation of a central injection low pressure ejector operated with a small scale supersonic COIL (SCOIL). The ejector handles a motive flow of nearly 120 g s⁻¹ and an entrained laser flow of nearly 3 g s⁻¹. The predicted geometry using integral methods has been validated numerically by employing Fluent 6.1 software in a 2-d axisymmetric viscous turbulent flow formulation. The numerical predictions have been experimentally validated, which indicate a pressure recovery of 63 Torr at design conditions. The results also show that the recovered pressure improves to 75 Torr for an off-design condition of higher motive flow rate.     

Optically pumped high-pressure DF-CO2 transfer laser

Pulsed sealed off CO₂ laser operation at 19 atm gas pressure has been demonstrated by pumping DF/CO₂/He mixtures with radiation from a pulsed DF laser. DF acts as an absorber for the pumping radiation, and the CO₂ upper laser level is populated via subsequent energy transfer. CO₂ pulse energy at 19 atm was 0.5 mJ corresponding to a photon conversion efficiency of 4% measured relative to the number of absorbed pumping photons.     

HF/DF激光传输的大气衰减特性

 大气中的水汽对DF激光主要强线的吸收相对较小，而HF激光的大多数谱线受水汽和CO₂分子等的吸收较大。利用较新的HITRAN96数据库和我国不同地区的气象资料，采用逐线积分法计算了HF/DF 激光的大气衰减情况。所选的谱线中，在合肥地区（年平均）， HF的水汽吸收系数最大值可达到10km^-1的数量级，二氧化碳吸收系数最大可达10^-4~10^-3km^-1量级，P2(8)线吸收最弱；DF激光水汽吸收系数最大值可达到10^-1km^-1,比HF低2个量级，且随高度衰减很快，10km处就到10^-5~10^-4km^-1量级，P2(8)线吸收最弱。在我国，由南向北，由夏季到冬季，水汽浓度减少，大气对HF/DF激光的吸收率也相应地递减。     

用于泵浦非链式HF/DF化学激光器的重复频率电子束发生器研究

 正在研究的1Hz重复频率电子束泵浦HF/DF化学激光器，预期产生的电子束能量为0.5MeV、束流强度为100kA、束流脉冲宽度为100ns。在该系统设计中，使用了一个脉冲变压器来对脉冲成形水线进行双共振充电。脉冲变压器的初级、次级电感与互感分别为331nH，26.5μH与1.9μH。脉冲成形线的电容、电感与阻抗分别为8.15nF，300nH与6.2Ω。脉冲成形线在1MV的峰值充电电压下的击穿因子为0.3。在3.3%的能量转换效率条件下，预期可以产生的HF/DF激光脉冲能量为２50J以上。     

连续波HF（DF）化学激光器采用非稳腔的光束质量测量

描述了测量连续波HF(DF)化学激光光束质量的装置。给出了在非稳腔上测得光束质量的结果。     

化学激光器喷注器的流量标定

 为了给燃烧驱动连续波DF/HF化学激光器中喷注器的设计提供参考,采用原级标准（质量-时间法）,对5种不同结构的喷注器进行了流量标定实验,研究了喷注器的流量特性。采用边界层的相关理论,对实验结果进行了科学解释。实验结果显示：随着入口压力的升高,流量系数增大,流量系数的范围是0.677~0.772;在入口压力相同的条件下,流量系数随着通径的增大而增大,随着长度的增大而减小;斜孔的流量系数比尺寸相同的垂直孔略小。