前列舒通胶囊中26种无机元素的分析

目的：明确造成前列舒通胶囊不同批次间差异的标志性无机元素,并进行安全性评价。方法：采用ICP-MS测定制剂中Al、As、B、Ba、Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Mo、Na、Ni、Pb、Sb、Se、Sn、Sr、Ti、Tl、V、Zn和Hg元素含量并进行数据分析。运用主成分及综合评分结合聚类分析手段,确定制剂的特征性元素;进行元素含量和相关性分析,明确不同批次各元素的差异及元素之间的关系;以多元素含量为指标,绘制无机元素谱图。结果：19批样品中均未检测出Se、Mo、Sn、Sb、Tl和Hg,且Pb、Cd、As、Cu、Hg均符合限量标准,无机元素含量谱图趋势一致。主成分分析提取了4个主成分,确定元素B、K、Al、V、Cr、Ca、Ti、Na、Co和Mn可作为特征元素。主成分得分图将19批样品分为两类,聚类分析及综合评分结果与其一致,两类样品中各元素含量存在差异性。相关性分析中,明确了B与K、Al、Cr正相关,K与Cr、Co正相关,V与Cr、Mn正相关,Mn与Co正相关,Ca、Ti、Na两两正相关。结论：通过分析前列舒通胶囊中无机元素含量,确定了特征元素,为前列舒通胶囊质量全面控制研究提供科学依据。     

Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam leaf aqueous extract mediated novel green synthesis of iron nanoparticles and its anti-hemolytic anemia potential: A chemobiological study

In this study, the aqueous extract Ziziphora clinopodioides was used to biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles. A green, productive, and environmentally method was developed for the valuable study and the effective preparation of the green-synthesis of iron nanoparticles using aqueous extracts from the leaf of Ziziphora clinopodioides as a result of reducing and stabilizing factor. The simplicity of the synthesis procedures and easy work up are the benefits of the present study. The structural and morphological characterization of green‐synthesized FeNPs was performed by Uv–Vis. and FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and EDX techniques. The SEM images have exhibited an equal and uniform spherical morphology in size of 30.04. We also investigated the anti-hemolytic anemia property of FeNPs in an animal model of hemolytic anemia. In vivo assay, induction of hemolytic anemia was done by phenylhydrazine in mice. FeNPs significantly reduced the weight and volume of liver and spleen and the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the body weight, the anti-inflammatory cytokines concentration, and the total platelet, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, monocyte, and basophil counts, and RBC parameters as compared to the untreated mice. About the biochemical parameters, FeNPs significantly increased GPx, CAT, and SOD in serum, liver, and spleen, and also HDL, total protein, and albumin in serum, and decreased GR in serum, liver, and spleen, and also erythropoietin, ferritin, ferrous, creatinine, urea, LDL, triglyceride, cholesterol, GGT, ALT, AST, and ALP in serum as compared to the anemic mice. DPPH test revealed similar antioxidant potentials for FeNPs and Butylated hydroxytoluene. FeNPs had low cell viability dose-dependently against HUVEC cell line. It appears that FeNPs can be administrated as a hematoprotective and anti-hemolytic anemia drug or supplement for the treatment of hemolytic anemia in the clinical trial.     

A Festschrift in honor of Akira Imamura��s 77th birthday, his recent retirement, and his many contributions to theoretical chemistry

The Imamura Festschrift Issue of Theoretical Chemistry Accounts is a special multifocus international issue commemorating the 77th birthday of Professor Akira Imamura and his many contributions to the fields of theoretical chemistry, polymer science, molecular biophysics, chemical physics, and molecular biology. This issue has contributions in theoretical developments of methods applicable to larger polymeric systems, for example, the elongation method pioneered by Professor Imamura and his group, and more recently by the groups of Professor Yuriko Aoki at Kyushu University and Professor Feng Long Gu at South China Normal University, supported by several funds from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST). In addition, there are contributions from top experimental and theoretical groups in the areas of nanotechnology, bionanotechnology, quantum transport theory, molecular biophysics, molecular electronics, and even molecular medicine and medical diagnostics, where the marriage between theory and experiment is very important to be able to fully understand, interpret, and utilize the wealth of new and exciting experimental data. The development of new and refined methods, and the extension of older more conventional methods, will be required for these fields to continue to evolve/co-evolve and develop, as they have in the last 60?years. But to evolve in a guided fashion (guided evolution), that is, to meet the needs and functions of not only the individual scientists and research groups but also of society in general, will require a concerted effort from not only experimentalists and theoreticians in each individual subdiscipline but also for them to work together and share their accumulated knowledge and experience, as is now being done in various research networks around the world, including the one originally initiated/formed by Professor Imamura and Professor Janos Ladik at the Third International Congress of Quantum Chemistry (ICQC) in Kyoto, Japan. Through this network, Professor Imamura has been able to pass on a wealth of knowledge, expertise, and experience to the current and future generations of scientists in Germany, the United States, and China, as Professor Imamura is still doing with his lectures both in Japan at Kyushu University and in China at South China Normal University, and previously in Erlangen at the University of Erlangen, in Heidelberg at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) in Germany, and in Ithaca, New York at Cornell University in the United States. He has been a real example of the modern protean research scientist and professor who has continued to be in research and teaching, active well beyond the formerly set retirement age of 63 or 65 set by society. The idea that researchers and professors cannot be active in their 60s, 70s, and 80s has now also been shown to be a misconception that needs to be corrected at the funding and institutional levels. Too many very active, knowledgeable, and experienced researchers and professors have been forced to stand on the sidelines, while those who have replaced them have very little practical knowledge, expertise, and more importantly, life experience. A whole generation of young academics are being hired who have never worked a day in industry, never visited an industrial laboratory and/or research group, and hence are unable, (don??t know) and in many cases, unwilling to train and educate their students with the skills they need to not only work in industry but also to create new and exciting new industries. The idea that the large chemical and pharmaceutical companies and government laboartories will hire all of the ever increasing numbers of undergraduate and graduate (MSc and PhD) students no longer applies. The university mission is no longer just to teach, give knowledge, and to do research, but also to innovate, that is, to train the students to take their acquired knowledge from their text books and apply it with the newly acquired knowledge in the research laboratories to start and develop new industries and companies. But this means that the students need to be trained in the fields of engineering economics, finance, and scientific and international law, so that they are able to undertake such projects, in addition to understanding and applying their scientific knowledge. It will also require a concerted effort by funding agencies, state, local, federal, and even international bodies that seek to create and sustain strong economies and infrastructure, which will support and be supported by the highly motivated, trained, and educated work forces. The third pillar is now being established, but it needs to now be totally and completely integrated with the other establishments and infrastructure.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定黄禾和谷子中15种元素

摘 要：提出了用等离子体发射光谱对通辽地区产黄禾和谷子中Na,Ca,Sn,Cu,Zn,Al,Mg,Fe,P,Si,K,Ba,Se,Mo,Mn 15种元素含量同时进行测定的方法,并对各元素作了加标回收实验,黄禾和谷子中各元素的平均回收率为96.67%～104.00%,RSD为0.78%～2.86%。方法简便、快速、准确地测定了黄禾和谷子中的元素。结果显示,在黄禾和谷子中K,P,Mg含量高,谷子中Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn和Mn的含量较黄禾中的高。黄禾和谷子中富含丰富的Na,Ca,Zn,Fe等元素,从微量元素角度看谷子中对身体有益的元素较黄禾高。     

生物光化学

生物光化学研究光在动植物体内所引起的生化现象。例如:经过各种不同波长的光辐照后的生命现象,生长规律,某些生理和病理过程,疾病的产生和治疗机理,细胞的辐射损伤和自然防御,以及光合色素在生物进化中的作用等。本文就光引起的现象:视觉、生物钟(光周期性)、植物的光合作用、辐射损伤及其修复、牛皮癣的治疗、新生儿黄疸病的治疗机理,以及光合色素——藻胆蛋白等七种现象,做了综述性的介绍。     

Geochemical behaviour of major and trace elements in dissolved and particulate phases of the Bouregreg river (Morocco)

The Bouregreg river is one of the main rivers of Morocco, Its source being located in the Moroccan Central Massif and flows towards the Atlantic coast through the coastal Meseta. The Bouregreg river basin is located in the Moroccan Central Massif which consists mainly of Palaeozoic formations that were subject to the Hercynian orogeny. To evaluate the environmental status of the Bouregreg river water, sampling of the dissolved (<0.22 μm) and suspended (>0.22 μm) phases was performed at 10 sites along the Bouregreg river and its tributaries in the winter of 2005. Major (Na, Ca, K, Ti, Mn, Al and Fe), trace (As, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Hf, Li, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sn, Sr, Ta, Th, U, V, W, Y, Zn and Zr) elements and rare earth elements were analysed. The dissolved and particulate phase of the Bouregreg river draining these contrasting zones show similar characteristics to those observed in other major tropical rivers such as the Congo and Amazon, and vary in composition between the different source areas. Obtained data show that the spectra of the standardized concentrations for all the determined elements in the dissolved and the suspended phase have the same form whatever the station and that the whole of the elements is strongly deficient compared to the upper continental crust. The strong depletion in the suspended phase and the associated enrichment in the dissolved phase suggest that some elements such as Rb, Ba and Sr are the most mobile elements during the weathering processes. The removal of the most mobile elements from the bedrock concentrates all remaining elements in the weathered phases of the soils, from whence it can be removed mechanically. As and Sb are strongly enriched as well in the dissolved load as in the suspended load.     

Pre-edge features of Ti K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure for the local structure of sol-gel titanium oxides.

Titanium K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy is used to examine the local Ti environments in the sol, gel, and xerogels of titanium oxide prepared by a sol-gel method. The xerogels were prepared by heat treatment at 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 degrees C (denoted xero-200, xero-300, xero-400, xero-500, and xero-600), and the xerogels were doped with Fe(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) ions (xero-Fe, xero-Ni, and xero-Cu). The local structures of the samples are compared using the pre- and post-edge features of the XANES spectra. Further analysis of the pre-edge features using Gaussian functions provides the energy and height of each peak, and the intensity ratios between peaks. Based on the resulting data, the samples can be classified into three groups: a weak Ti-Ti interaction group, an anatase-like structure group, and an anatase group. The sol, gel, xerogel, and xero-Ni are in the weak Ti-Ti interaction group, and the xero-200, xero-Fe, and xero-Cu are in the anatase-like structure group. The remaining samples are in the anatase group.     

宝日希勒褐煤在合成气与复合溶剂系统下的液化性能研究

在合成气（CO+H₂）与复合溶剂（水+有机溶剂）液化系统下研究了气氛、温度、催化剂类型对宝日希勒褐煤转化率、油气水产率和CO转化率等液化特征的影响,从而探讨其液化性能。结果表明,在高含水复合溶剂系统中,合成气气氛、反应温度430-450℃适宜宝日希勒褐煤液化转化,转化率可达到81.15%,油气水产率达到71.53%。该液化系统下,含铁、碱和硫复合型催化剂能有效地提高液化转化率和油气水产率,在430℃催化液化下褐煤转化率达92.27%,油气水产率达79.39%。该催化剂有效促进了煤中大分子的裂解和系统中水煤气变换反应进程,沥青质减少,油含量增多。液化油中多环芳烃衍生物在催化液化过程中向单环芳烃衍生物和烷烯烃转化,分子量降低,提高了油品质量。     

Study of complex mixtures of natural substances by the defocusing and dadi methods. VI. Components of the secretion of the pre-anal gland of some poisonous snakes

By mass-spectrometric methods, cholesterol and docosanoic, heneicosanoic, cicosanoic, octadecanoic, cis-octadec-9-enoic, heptadecanoic, hexadecanoic, and pentadecanoic acids have been identified in the odoriferous secretion of the pre-anal glands of the females and males of the common adder and the saw-scaled viper and in those of females of the common mamushi. It has been established that the chemical compositions of the secretions of these glands of the females of the adder, the viper, and the mamushi and of the males of the adder and of the viper are not identical.Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 421–423, July–August, 1986.     

常见茶叶中14种元素含量分析及重金属风险评价

采集传统名茶地标产品样品各3种为实验样品,通过ICP-OES和ICP-MS对样品进行K、Ca、Mg、Mn、B、Cu、Fe、Ni、Zn、Cr、Co、Cd、As、Pb等14种元素的含量测定。利用单因素方差分析、主成分分析、污染评价等方法,对茶叶无机元素含量进行分析和污染评价,并对污染来源进行了研究。结果表明,不同产地茶叶样品中的K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe等元素含量差异较大;食品及茶叶安全限量元素Cd、Cr、Pb、As等实测值均未超过国家标准限值;部分元素之间具有正相关性,如Cu与Cd, Cu与Ni, As与Ni两两之间关联性较强;从主成分分析看出Cu、Cd、As和Ni为PC1代表因子,K和Fe分别为PC2和PC3的代表因子,PC1主要代表了金属冶炼、工业排放和垃圾焚烧等方面的贡献,PC2和PC3分别代表了肥料施放和茶叶加工等方面的贡献。     

Characteristics of the Permafrost Structure on the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica

Based on the data from the pitting, geoelectrical prospectings, temperature measuring, and the divided layers frost-heaving instruments, this paper, first, discusses the structure features of active layers in this region, and proves the presence of the bowlshaped frost table in the stone circles area. Second, it analyses the temperature distributive rule in the active layer, meantime, according to the vertical-profile parameters of granularity, clay mineral, salt content and resistivities, it also discusses the different features of permafrost structure and their control actions on the periglacial landform development between high and low places. It suggests that the four-layer structure should exist in the permafrost region (including under-bedrock), that is, active layer, frost sand and gravels layer, frost volcanic rock permeated by sea water, and frost volcanic rock unpermeated by sea water. Finally, the permafrost table and its vertical gradient are deduced.     

共价有机框架材料应用进展

共价有机框架材料(COFs)由C、H、N、O等轻质元素组成,是一种通过共价键连接的晶型材料。近十年来发展迅速,受到研究人员的密切关注。COFs具有良好的稳定性、低密度、规则有序的孔道结构、结构的可预测性和可设计性等优点,被广泛应用到吸附、催化、储能、生物传感器和荧光识别等重要领域,但其存在合成困难、合成方法有限等问题。文章回顾了COFs材料的发展背景,选取吸附、催化、储能这三个方面的应用进行详细说明,分析COFs材料能被应用到这三个领域的原因,列举最新的研究成果,并阐述了COFs与特定分子结合在不同条件下应用的机理,总结各领域应用的异同,分析在应用中存在的主要问题。最后,对于COFs材料自身以及在应用中存在的问题提出针对性的建议。     

载体对包埋酶微环境的影响分析

包埋法固定化酶过程中,酶固定化载体的选择和设计是酶固定化过程的关键因素,适宜的载体微环境对酶活性和稳定性的影响尤为重要。论文首先分析并提出了影响固定化酶所处载体微环境的主要因素,包括载体的亲疏水性、结构形态和反应活性。载体的亲疏水性决定固定化酶微环境中的水分含量。载体的结构形态对酶形成的笼效应,以及载体的反应活性,包括共价键合、静电和氢键等的结合能力,影响酶构象的稳定性和运动性。另外,底物／产物的扩散速率和酶的可及性也同样受到载体的孔结构、孔分布以及载体反应活性的影响。本文介绍了常用的酶包埋载体,包括sol-gel二氧化硅、高分子水凝胶以及高分子－二氧化硅杂化凝胶固定化酶过程,结合上述影响酶微环境的因素,分析比较了三类载体固定化酶的包埋率、活性和稳定性,综述了为改善固定化酶微环境所进行改进研究的进展。     

溶剂对PVDF铸膜液相转化和微孔膜皮-亚两层结构的不同影响

采用皮-亚分步凝固成膜机理分析了3种不同溶剂对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)铸膜液相转化和膜结构的影响,采用浊度法测定铸膜液体系的热力学性质,沉淀速度采用光透射仪测定.结果显示,3种膜的皮层分相主要由热力学性质控制,均发生延时液固分相,生成了相互融合的球粒组成的致密皮层.3体系的亚层分相行为由动力学扩散过程控制;对于二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)体系亚层发生瞬时液液分相,结晶化对动力学过程影响小,表现为光透射曲线上分相时间t2短,生成了大孔结构为主的亚层,膜厚度、孔隙率和气通量均高、结晶度低;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)体系亚层发生延时液液分相,结晶化对动力学过程影响大,t2长,生成蜂窝状孔结构亚层,其膜厚度、孔隙率和气通量较低,但膜的结晶度高.     

智能聚合物基材料富集磷酸化肽和糖肽的研究进展

翻译后修饰是蛋白质组学研究的前沿和重点,它不仅调节着蛋白质的折叠、状态、活性、定位以及蛋白质间的相互作用,也能帮助科学家更全面地了解生物体的生命过程,为疾病的预测、诊断和治疗提供更加强大的支撑和依据。翻译后修饰产物(例如磷酸化肽和糖肽)丰度很低,且存在着强烈的背景干扰,很难直接用质谱进行分析,因此迫切需要开发高效的富集材料和技术来选择性富集翻译后修饰产物。近年来,智能聚合物基材料通过外部物理、化学或生物刺激可逆地改变其结构和功能,实现对磷酸化肽和糖肽高度可控的吸附和脱附,进而衍生开发出一系列新颖的富集方法,极大地吸引研究者们的兴趣。一方面,智能聚合物基材料的响应变化包括材料疏水性的增加或减少、形状和形貌的改变、表面电荷的重新分布以及亲和配体的暴露或隐藏等特性。这些特性使得目标物和智能聚合物基材料之间的亲和力可以通过简单改变外部条件(如温度、pH值、溶剂极性和生物分子等)实现更可控和更智能的精细调节。另一方面,智能聚合物基材料为集成功能模块提供了便捷的可扩展平台,例如特定的识别组件,显著提高了目标物质的分离选择性。智能聚合物基材料在分离方面展现出巨大的潜力,这为蛋白质翻译后修饰产物的分析和研究带来了希望。围绕上述主题,该文依据Web of Science近20年来近50篇代表性文献,概述了智能聚合物基材料在磷酸化肽和糖肽分离及富集中的发展方向。     

Determination of carbamazepine and its impurities iminostilbene and iminodibenzyl in solid dosage form by column high-performance liquid chromatography

An accurate and precise RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of carbamazepine and its impurities iminostilbene and iminodibenzyl in a tablet formulation with fluphenazine as an internal standard. Buffer-methanol (50 + 50, v/v) was used as the mobile phase. During validation, specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, LOD, LOQ, and robustness of the method were tested. The method was proven to be specific against placebo interference. Linearity was evaluated over the concentration range of 100-500, 0.05-0.25, and 0.1-0.5 microg/mL, and the r values were 0.9994, 0.9997, and 0.9979 for carbamazepine, iminostilbene, and iminodibenzyl, respectively. Intraday precision of the method was good, and RSD was below 2% for all analytes. The accuracy of the method ranged from 100.69 to 102.10, 99.76 to 102.66, and 99.26 to 100.08% for carbamazepine, iminostilbene, and iminodibenzyl, respectively. LOD was 0.0125, 0.025, and 0.05 microg/mL and LOQ was 0.05, 0.05, and 0.1 microg/mL for carbamazepine, iminostilbene, and iminodibenzyl, respectiviely. Robustness of the method was proven by using a chemometric approach. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of commercially available carbamazepine tablets and showed good repeatability, with RSD below 2%.     

Simultaneous determination of myo-inositol and scyllo-inositol by MEKC as a rapid monitoring tool for inositol levels

A simple and rapid MEKC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of myo-inositol, scyllo-inositol, and glucose. Prior to electrophoretic separation, the nonfluorescent inositols and glucose were derivatized by N-methylisatoic anhydride at 25 degrees C for 10 min so that they could be detected by a fluorescence detector during separation. The good separation with high efficiency by MEKC was achieved in 13 min with a glycine buffer containing SDS and PEG 4000. Several parameters affecting the separation were studied, including the pH of BGE, the concentrations of glycine, SDS, and PEG 4000, and the applied voltage. Using glycerol as an internal standard, the linear ranges of the method for myo-inositol, scyllo-inositol, and glucose were 0.03-10, 0.01-5, and 0.05-20 mM; the concentration LODs of myo-inositol, scyllo-inositol, and glucose were 0.020, 0.0078, and 0.026 mM, respectively. The method was applied to analyze extracellular myo-inositol and glucose in the microdialysates from rat brain cortex of ischemia animal model and intracellular myo-inositol and scyllo-inositol in the rat brain extract.     

典型高分子纤维发展回顾与未来展望

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